Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry
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Transcript of Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry
Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations
Industry By: Anat Tchetchik, Aliza Fleischer and Israel Finkelshtain
ืืืืืืฆืื 6%ืืชืืืจืืช ืืืคืจืืช ืฆืืื ืืงืฆื ืฉื ืขื ืฃ1.
. ืืคื ืืชืืืืืช ืืื ืฆืคืื 2ืืฉื ื ืืชืื ืืืข"ื-ืืืืฉืื ืืฆืืื
RA))ืืืงืจ ืื ืืชืืงื ืืืืจืื ืืืคืจื
*Ordoรฑez, 2005, Tchetchik, Fleischer and Finkelshtain ,2008; Edwards 1993)
ืืชืคืชืืืช ืืืฆืข ืืืจื ืืืืจืื ืืืฉืจืื ืืืื ืงืืืืฆืื
)ืคืืืืฉืจ, 2004ืืงืืจืช: ืืื"ืก, ืกืงืจ ืืืืจืื ืืืคืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืื ืืฆ'ืฆ'ืืง(
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ืืืืืืฆืื...ืืขื ืฃ ืืืืฆืจ ืชืืขืืืช ืจืืืช. 2
ื ืืื ืืชืจืื ื ืืืงืืจ ืืื ืกื ืืชืขืกืืงื ื ืืกืฃ ืืืืืจืื ืืคืจืืื, ืืื ืืืงืืืืช ืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืงืืจ ืืื ืกื ืจืืฉื, ืืื
ืืืื ืืชืืืื ืฆืืืืจืืช ืจืืื
. ืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืฆืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืืืช3, ืขืืืก , ืจืขืฉ, ืืืืื ืืืืจืฆืคืืคืืชืคืืืขื ืคืืืืช ืืกืืืื- 1.
ืขื ืชืฉืชืืืชืืืืงืจืื ื- : club good amenitiesืคืืืขื ื - . 2
RA -ื ืื ืื ื private good -ืฉื ืืื' ืืืืจืื ืื club good:ืฉื ืืกืืืื ืืืคืจืืช
amenities ืคืืชืื ืืชืจ ืฉื ืืขื ืฃ ืขืืื ืืคืืืข ืืืืชื ืข"ื:
ื( ืคืืืขื ืืืืืืืืช ืืืืชื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืืคืจ ืืืฆืืืื ืืืคืจื ืขื ืื ืืกืช ืืฉืงื-ืืืช ื( ืืจืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืืืจืื ืื ืืฃ ืืืงืืื
ืืงืืืืื ืืขื ืฃ
CG
ืืืจืืชื ืืื ืืฆืคื ืืืืฉื ืืืืื ืืขื ืฃ ืขืืื ืืฆืืจื ืืฆืืืื โข
ืื ืจืง ืืจืื ืืืืกืืช ืืืืฆืข- ืืืืงืจืช- ืืคืจื ืืืืืืืช/ืืืืืจืืช ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืงืืืืช: ืจืืช ืืืืฉืื
ืืืืืืืืงืจ ืื ืืืืฉื ืืกืืจืช ืืืืืืช ืืงืื ืืืืจืืช ืื ืืชืื โข
ืืจืืช ืืืคืจ -ืืืืื RAืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืจืืืืช ืฉื ืขื ืฃ ื- ื ืกืืื ืจืืฉืื ืืืืคืื ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืชืืืจืืช ืืืคืจืืช
ืืกืคืจ ืืืงืจืื ืืืคืื ืืืืืืืจืฆืื ืืชืขืฉืืืช ืืืืื ืืืช โ โข & Papatheodoruo, 2003, Urtasum)ืื ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืื
Gutierrez , 2006)
ืืืงืจ ืื o ื- ืืืืื ืืช ืืืฉืคืขืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืจืฆืืclub goods
ืืขื ืฃ ืขื:. ืืขืืคืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื1. ืืืื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืคืืจืืืช2o ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืชื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืื ืื ืืืืกืืช ืืืืฆืข
ืขื ืฉืื"ื ืืขื ืฃ ืืขื ืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืฉืื ืื ืข"ื ืกืืืืืฆืืืช
CG
ืืชืจืื ืืช- ืืืืืช ืฆื ืืจืืคืืืืื: ืืชืืืจืืช ืชืฉืชืืืช ืืืฉืืืื ืืงืืืืื ืืฉืืชืคืื1.
ืืคืจื-ืืืงืื ืืื ืืืช ืืชืืื ืืช ืืืฉืืืืชืคืืจืืืช ื ืืืืช ืืืชืจืื ืืืงืืืืช ืขืฉืืจืื ืื ืืคืื ืืืฉืืื
ืืืข
ืืชืฉืืืืช ืืืจืืช ืืืืจ ืงืืื ืฉื ืขืืืืื ืืืืื ืื 2.
Informational aspects.3 ืคืืจืืืช ืคืืื ืฆืืืืืืช ืฉื ืื ืืช ื externalitiesื-
ืืืืืข ืืืืก ืืืขืืคืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืคืืืืืืืืืช ืืืืฆืืจ ืืชืืฆืื ื"ืคืืืืก ืืืจื" ืฉื ืขืฉื ืข"ื ืืคืืจืืืช
ืืืืื ืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื- ื ืื ืื ืืืืขืืจ ืขืืืืืช ืืืืคืืฉ ืืชืืฆืื ื-
ืืืจืืืืืืืช ืืืืืืืจืคืืช ืฉื ืืขื ืฃ
ืืืืืืืืจืื Agglomeration & Club-Good ืืฉืคืขืืช
ืืืคืจื
CG
ืืคืจ ืขืฉืืจ ืื ืืคืื amenitiesื-
ืืฉืงื ืืืช ืืงืืืืื ื ืื ืกืื RAื-
ืืชืืืจืื ืืืื..
ืืืจืงืฆืืืช ืืฉืืืืืช
ืืืืงืืฉ ืืื
...ืืืืืืืืืช ืืื ืืืืฆืจืื ืืขืืชืื ืชืืคืขื ืฉื ืืืืจ ืฉืื
ืืคืืื ื ื ืื ืื ืงืืืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืคืืืืืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืช RAโ ืชืืฆืื ืฉื ืืืืืช ืฆื ืืจืคืืืืื ืืฆื ืืจืคืืืื
ืืืฉืจ ืืืฆืื ืืืชื ืืฉืคืขืืช ืืืฆืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืืืช ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื
ืืกืจืื ืืช ืืืืืืืจืฆืื - ืืืืืช ืฆื ืืจืืคืืืืื
ืคืืจืืืช ืืชืจืืงืืช ืืืงืื ืื ืงืืืืช ืืกื ืฉื ืชืืจืืช:ืคืืจืืืช: ืื ืืคืืืช ืืช ืืืกืชืืจืืช ืฉืคืืจืื ืืืฉืื
ืืืืจืื: ืืคืจื ืืชืขืฉืืืช ืชืืืืจ โhotels compete in relatively local market areasโ )Baum & Haveman, 1997)
ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืข ืืชืืจืืช ืคืืจืืืช ืชืืืื ื ืืช ืืืืฆืจ ืฉืืื ืืืกืคืงืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืืืจืคื
CG
...ืืืื
.
ืืกืืจืช ืืืฉืืืช ืืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืคืจืืืืชืืงืื ื ืืฉืืง ืืืืจืื ืืืคืจื
ืืืืื ืืฉืืง ืืืืืืืคืืืืกืืืืขืืืื- ืืฉืจ
Tchetchik, Fleischer & Finkelshtainืืืืื ืขืืงื ืืืจ )TFF) )2008) ืฉื ืืชืื ืืช ืขื ืฃ ืืืืจืื ืืืคืจื ืืืฉืจืื
ืืืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืืืื
ืืืคืฉืจ ืืืืื ืื ืื, ืืืืื ืืืคืงื ืืืืกืจ ืืืืข ืืฆื ืืฆืจืืืืืืงืจ/
TFF)2008) ืืฆืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืจ ืืืืืชRA ืืฉืืืช ืื ืืฉ ืืฉืืืืช ืจืื ืืืืืจ
ืื ื ืืฉืขืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืฉืื (ืขื ืชืืื ืืชืื( ืื ื ืืฆืืช ืื' ืืืืจืื ืืฉ ืืฉืคืขื ืขื ืืืืืช ืืฆืจืื
ืืืื
CG
ืื ืืืช ืืืกืืืืืืื ืืงืฆืจ ื ืชืื ืื:โข
ืืืืจ ืืืืชืืื (ืืื' ืืืืจืื( ืืชืืื ืืชืืื1.
ืืขืืคืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื ืข"ืค ืืืืชืืื ืืืืื ืื2.
(Nash ืกืื ืฉืืื ืืืฉืงื (3. ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืื โข ืืกืคืจ ืจื RAืืืืื ืื ืืกื ืืืจืื ืืชืืื ืืช: ืืขื ืฃ ื-โข
ืฉื ืคืืจืืืช ืืืฆืืขืืช ืืื' ืืืจืื ืฉื ืืชื ืืชืืจื ืข"ื ืืกืคืจ ืชืืื ืืช
ื. ืชืืื ืืช ืืืืฆืจืื ืชืืขืืช ืืฆืจืื ืชืืืื: โข ื. ืกื ืฉื ืคืจืืืจืื
ื. ื"ื ืฉื ืืขื ืืืืงืืฉ ืืฉืืงื ื ืงืืข ืข"ื ืืืจืืฆืื ืฉื ืืชื ืืืืช โข
ืืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืฉื ืืฆืจืื ืื
...ืืืื
CG
ืืืงืืฉ Mืืคืจืื, ืืืฉืจืชืื Vื- ืคืืจืืืช RA: Lืืฉืืง ื-
'ืฆืจืื ืื ืคืืื ืฆ ืืฉืืืช iืฉื ืฆืจืื nested-logitืคืื ืงืฆืืช ืืชืืขืืช ื-
jืืคืืจืื ืืจืืืื ืชืืขืืช ืฉืืฆืจืื ืืืืืก ืืชืืื ืืช
ืืืืชื ื ืฆืคืืช
ืืืคืจ ืืกืืื ืืฉืืชืฃ ืืื iืืจืืื ืชืืขืืช ืืืฆื ืืืขืืคื ืฉื ืฆืจืื ืืคืืจืืืช ืืืืชื ืืคืจ
โืืืืฆื ืืช ืืกืืืื j ืืคืืจืื iืืืขืืคืช ืฆืจืื ฯืกืืื ืืขืจื
ืืืืช ืืชืืืืคื ืืื ืคืืจืืืช ืืืคืจืื ืฉืื ืื
ืืืืช 1ืืืฉืจ ืฉืืืฃ ื-ืืชืืืืคื ืืื ืคืืจืืืช ืืืคืจืื ืฉืื ืื ืฉืืืคืช
ืืจืืื ืชืืขืืช ืกืคืฆืืคื ืืคืืจืื ืืืื ืืื ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืืืฆื ืืช ืืืืฆืข 0ื-j ืฉื ืืคืืจืื ืืขืจืืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืช ืืชืืื ืืช ืืืืชื ื ืฆืคืืช
CG
ืืืงืืฉโฆ* ืฉืืฉืืื ืืช jืืฆืจืื ืืคืืื ืฆืืืื ืืืืจ ืืฉืืืช ืืคืืจืื
ืืชืืขืืช ืฉืื
ืื ืฉืืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืืกืืก ืืืืืจืช ืืฉืืืืืช ืืืืงืืฉ (ื ืชืื ืืคืืจืืืช ืืฉืืง Lืืฉืืง( ืขืืืจ
ืืืงืืฉ ืืฆืจืคืืืื ืืคืกื ื ื ืื ืฉืืืืฆืข ืืืืืืืกืืื ืขืืืจ
ืืื jืืืื ืืืืฆืข ืืชืืขืืช ืฉื ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืคืืจืื ืืืืืจ:
ืืกื
ืืืืจ ืืฉืืืช iืืช ืขืจืื ืืชืืขืืช ืขืืืจื ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืจV ืืืคืจ jืืคืืจืื
ijivij (1)
ijjijU
ijCG
ืืืงืืฉ....ืฉืืืืจืื ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืืื ืขืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืคืืื,
ื ืชืื ืข"ื j(ืื ื ืชื ืืฉืืง ืฉื ืืคืืจืื (jืืฉืืืช ืืคืืจืื ืืื ืคืื ืงืฆืืช ืืืชืคืืืืช ืืืฆืืืจืช ืฉื ืืืฉืจ
A
j dFS ()()
ืขื ืื ืช ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืืกืืจืช ืืชืืืืจืืืช ืฉื ืืืืงืืฉ ืขืืืจ ื ืชื ืืฉืืง ืฉื ืืคืืจืืืช closed-formืืืงืื ืืืืื
ืื ืืืช ื ืืกืคืืช:2ื ื ืื ืืื ืืชืจ ืืืืืจืื ืืืืืจ ื"ืืืฆืจ RAืืฆืืช ืืืฆืจ ืืืฆืื ื- 1.
ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืื RAืืืฆืื ื" ืฉืืชืืจื ืขื ืืืืื ืืขืืืืRAืืงืกืืื ืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืฉืืง ื-
ฮด0=0 ืืืืืฆืจ ืืืืฆืื ื ืชืืืืช ืืชืืขืืช 2. -ืืฆืื ืฉืืชืืืื ืืืืจืช TFF(2008)ืื ืื ืืืงื, ื ืืชื ืช ืืืืกืืก ืข"ืค
ืืคืจื ื ืืฆื ืฉืืืืืจ RAืืฆืจืื ืืฉ ืืฉืืืืช ืืืืงืื ืืืืืืืจืคื ืฉื CG ืืืืืืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืชืจ ืขื ืืืืงืืฉ MEืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืฉ ื-
Vv NvjNvj
j
jj
j
ee
eS
..1
(1)
(1)(1)
(1)
v Nvj
o
je
s(1)
(1)
1(,)
jvjjvvjj spddxs
s (ln)'(ln) /
2
0
village market share
ืืฉืงืฃ ืื ืื ืฉื ืืืก ืืื ืืขืืคืืช ืืฆืจืื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืื' ืืืืจืื ืืืืฉืื
Attributes
ืืืงืืฉ ... ืชืืช ืืื ืืืช ืื "ื ืื ืื ืืฉืืืืืช ืคืืชืจืื
ืื ืืืืืืช
ื- Sj, ื ืืืง ืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ื ืืชื ืช ืืืืืืืืงืืืช S0
market share
OG market share
A
j dFS ()()
CG
Price
ืชืืืืจืืฉืืืืช ืืชืืืืจ ื ืืืจืช ืืืขืืช ืืงืก' ืจืืื ืืืืื ืืงืฆืจ ืฉื ืืืืจ ืฉืืฉืื ืงืืืขืช ืคืืจืื ืื ืืืืืืืืคืืืืกืืืช- ืืคืืจืื
ืจืืืืื ืืืื ืชื ืืืชื ืืืืช ืฉื ืืคืืจืืืช ืืืืจืืช
C) =ืขืืืช ืืฉืชื ื ืคืื ืงืฆืื โ)ืฉื:
ืชื ืื ืกืืจ ืจืืฉืื ืืืขืืช ืืืงืกืืืื ืืืืืจืื ืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืืชืืืื (ืชืืืืจ( ืฉื ืืคืืจืื
ืชืืื ืืช ืฉื ืืื' ืืืืจืื ืืืืคืจ ืฉืืฉืคืืขืืช ืขื ืืขืืืช
ืืชืคืืกื ืืฉื ืชืืช
M M
(//)1
jjjjj ddssmcp
CG
ืขืืืช ืืงืฉืืจื ืืชืืื ืืช ืืืืชื ื ืฆืคืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืืจืื ื/ืื ืืืคืขืื
ืชืืื ืืช ื ืฆืคืืช
ืืืืจ-ืขืืืช ืืจืืื
ืชืืืืจโฆืืืืฉื ืืคืืชืื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืขืืืช ืืฉืืืืช ืงืืืขื ืืชืคืืงื ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืชืืื ืืช ืื' ืืืืจืื- ืืฉืืืืืช ืืชืืืืจ ืืืืืื
ืืื:ืขืืืช ืฉืืืืช ,
jvjjvvjj spddxs
s (ln)'(ln) /
2
0
ืืืืื ืืฉืื ืืืืืื :
ื ืชืื ืื:ืืืจืื ืืคืจื ืืืฉืจืื
ืฉื ืชื ืืืืฆืข ืข"ืค 16% (80 ืืืืฆืข ืฉื ืืช ื- ืฆืืืื-
ืฉื ืื(23 5 ื- 2009 ืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ื ืืื ื- 12,000ื- ืืืื-
ืืืืจืื
ืืืฉืงื ืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืืคืจื 10% ื- ืืฉืืืืช*-
ืืืฉืจืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืขื ืฃ ืืืืืฆืจืื ืืื ื ืืืฆืืช ืืื ืกืชื
ืืชืืจืืช ืืขื ืฃ ืืื ืืืืืืืคืืืกืืืืช, ืขื ืขื ืคื* ืืื ื
(Tchetchik et al )2008*ืืคื ืฉื ืืืข ืืจืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฆืจืื 60%ืืจืืื ืืืืฆืข ืฉื
PD
CG
ื ืชืื ืื
23% (2000 ืืคืขืืืื ืืฉื ืช 200ืกืงืจ ืืจืฆื ืฉื ืชืื ืืื ืจืืืื ืืช (Tchetchik )2006ืืืืืืืืกืื( ืฉื ืืกืคื ืข"ื
ืคื ืื ืืื ืคื ืื
24%ืืืชืฆืคืืืช ื ืืกืคื ืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืืืื 107
ืืคืจืื6ืืืืืืืกืืืช ืืืืืจ ืืืคืืืจืื ืข"ืค
RA ืืืฉืงื ืืืืช ืขืกืงื ื- 35% ืืืกืคืจ ืืคืจืื 2000ื-
ืืืื ืืืช- ืืขืื ืืฉ ืจืืืืฆืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืช ืืกืคืจ ืื' ืืืืจืื
ืืคืืจืื, ืืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืกืคืจ ืืืคืขืืืื ืืชืื ืืืฉืื
,TFF ืข"ืค ืืชืืืืืช ืืขื ืฃ ืคืืื ืฆืืื ืฆืืืื ืืฉืืขืืชื ((
2008
ืืคืืื ืชืจืืืฉ ืฉื ืืคืจืื "ืฆืคืืคืื" ืืื ืขืืื ืืืชืจืืฉ
CG
Variable Description Mean S.D.
Firmโs total market share Total nights divided by the entire market size )%( 0.57 0.51%
Firmโs market share Total nights divided by the region's market size 0.93% 0.84%
Within village share Equals firmโs share within the village 5.61% 5.87%
Occupancy rate Annual average occupancy rate 0.28 0.12
Price Average price per unit night in 296.4 77.4
Breakfast* =1 if breakfast is included in the hospitality price 0.34
Luxury )a( Value of luxury elements based on their cost 4.95 4.15
Amenities # of amenities, e.g. bath-oils, homemade jam, fruits 2.7 2.19
Number of units # of accommodations units per firm 4.07 2.66
Unit size Average size of each firmโs units in m2 33.73 12.52
Business age # of years the firm operates in the market 7. 71 6.26
Village Density)b( Village number of accommodation per 1000 residents 104.95 56.04
Owners Agriculture* =1 if the owner's agric. land is on sight from the units 0.45
Rosh-Pina* =1 if the firm is located in Rosh-Pina village 0.22
Active Farm* =1 if the operator is also an active farm operator 0.58
Cultivated land Total cultivated land in dunam )( 8.20 2.5
Instruments
Surveyor rating The surveyor impression from the accommodations on a 1-5
scale
2.9 0.62
Nonagricultural community =1 if the firm is located at a nonagricultural community 0.18
OTHBRKST Number of other rural accommodations operators in the
village who serve breakfast
12.6 8.4
OTHLUXSE)a( Other luxury features in the village 97.95 38.8
OTHLCSET Other log-cabin shares in the village 4.52 3.53
OTHARTRS Other attractions in the village operated by rural
accommodations operators
13.5 8.6
OTHAMENST Other amenities offered on the village 53.8 17.2
GMM Estimates of Demand Parameters
Variable Coefficients Standard Errors
Marginal Effects b Elasticities c
Constant -1.086* 0.19
Owner Agriculture view 0.18* 0.05 49.17* 0.21*Luxury elements 0.024* 0.01 6.43 * 0.31*Rosh-Pina 1.34* 0.14ln)No. of units( 0.43* 0.09 28.2 0.27*Village Density 0.026* 0.0049
1.23* 1.19*Village Density sq. -0.0001034* 0.000020Active farm -0.01 0.03Special amenities 0.05* 0.01 13.8* 0.36*Breakfast included 0.03** 0.03 8.25 0.03Unit size 0.05** 0.02 12.33* 0.40*Price ) per night(a -0.0026* 0.0005 -0.71* -2.03*
ฯ a 0.64* 0.05R2=0.63
ืชืืฆืืืช ืืงืื ืืืืจืืืช
ืืงืืื ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืฉืืืืช ืืืืืืื ืืช ืืืืก ืืื:
ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืคืืืืืืช ืืฆื ืืืืงืืฉ ืฉื ืืืืืืช ืืืจืื ืืคืจื 124 ืชืืฉืืื ืืื 1000ื-
Village # of Accommodations Units per 1000 Residents
Occupancy Rate
...ืชืืฆืืืช ืืงืื ืืืืจืืืช
GMM Estimates of Pricing Equation
Variable Coefficients
Standard Errors P[|Z|>z]
Marginal Effects Elasticities
constant 246.50* 64.69 0.01
Special amenities 14.72* 2.51 0.00 0.13
Breakfast included -3.39 8.60 0.71
Luxury elements* 8.03* 1.12 0.00 0.13
Unit size 5.87 5.12 0.32
Farm's cultivated area -0.92 1.69 0.65
#. of years since firm establishment 1.61 0.78 0.26
Number of units -0.17 1.69 0.92
Village Density )ln( -38.61* 8.35 0.00 -0.34 -0.13R2=0.36
...ืชืืฆืืืช ืืงืื ืืืืจืืืช
Village Density
Present Density
Shar-Yeshuv 186Amirim 136Bet-Hillel 165Korazim 33Metula 77Rosh-Pina 30
Village Market Share
Actual Change
Percentage Change
Shar-Yeshuv 1.4% 12%Amirim -5.0% -29%Bet-Hillel -1.6% -9%Korazim 0.7% 14%Metula 1.9% 9%Rosh-Pina 2.8% 10%
+30%
-30%
Other Indicatorsconsumer welfare NIS 221 51%Average firm profits NIS 28,355 39%
Aggregate firmsโ profits )000' NIS( 3,543 45%Total welfare )000โ NIS ( 17,563 54%Average price NIS -1 -0.4%
Size of the market )000' rooms nights( 2.1 4%Average occupancy rate 1.4% 3%
ืกืืืืืฆืื
CG
club good ืืชืืฆืืืช ืืืืืืืช ืืฉืคืขืืช ืฉื ืืืืืืจืฆืื ื- ืขื ืฉืืง ืืืืจืื ืืืคืจื ืืืฉืจืื ืืคืจื:
ื ืืฆืื ืขืืืช ืืืชืจืื ืืช ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืืืืจืฆืื RA ืืื ืืขืืคืืช ืืฆืจืื ืื ืืืื ืฆืคืืคืืช ืืืืืื ืืืกื
ืืืคืจืืฉืืืงืื ืจืืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืื ืืืชืขืจืืืช ืื ืืืื
ืืจืืืืืืจ ืืืืืกืืช ืืืืฆืข ืชืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืฆืืขืืช ืืฆืืงื ืืืืชืจ ืืื ืืกืคืงืืช ืืื RAืืืืืืช ืืืืฆืข ืืขื ืฃ ื-
ืืืืืืช ืืืืฆืข ืืืืคืืืื ืืืืืืช ืฉืืืืืืืืช
ืืืื ื ืืชื ืืืืืข ืืคื ื RAืืืืงืจ ืืชืืืืก ืืฆืคืืคืืช ืืื' ืฉืืฉืคืขืืช ืฉืืืืืืช ืืืจืืฉืืช ืข"ื ืืชืืืจืื-ืืื ืจืง ืฆื ืืื
ืฉื ืืฉืืง ืขื RAืืื ื ืืืงื ืืืฉืืื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืืช ืฆืคืืคืืช ื-
ืืงืืืื ืืืืจืืช, ืืกืืืื, ืชืขืฉืืืช ืืืงืืืืช ืืขืืืืืงืจ ื ืืกืฃ ืฆืจืื ืืงืืช ืืืฉืืื ืื ืืช ืืฉืคืขืืช
ืขื ืืฉืชืชืคืื ืืื- ืืืงืจ ืื ืืืื RAืืฆืคืืคืืช ืฉื ืืฉืืฉ ืืืกืืก ืขืืืจ ืืืงืจ ืืืฉื
ืกืืืื
CG
ืชืืื ืจืื ืขื !ืืืงืฉืื
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Club Goods:
also known as collective goods, are a type of impure public good that permits excludability and partial divisibility, but is non-rivalry )that is itsโ use by one ind. doesnโt prevent itsโ use by other ind.) at least until reaching a point where congestion occurs. Examples are: swimming pools, golf courses,
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