Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry

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Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry By: Anat Tchetchik, Aliza Fleischer and Israel Finkelshtain

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Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry. By : Anat Tchetchik, Aliza Fleischer and Israel Finkelshtain. ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืขื ืฃ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ 6% ืœืฉื ื” ืžืชื•ื ืžื”ืข"ื”-2. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืžื•ื— ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ( ( RA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations Industry

Page 1: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

Agglomeration and Club Goods in the Rural Accommodations

Industry By: Anat Tchetchik, Aliza Fleischer and Israel Finkelshtain

Page 2: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” 6%ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื ืฃ1.

. ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฆืคื•ื™ 2ืœืฉื ื” ืžืชื•ื ืžื”ืข"ื”-ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฆืžื•ื—

RA))ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™

*Ordoรฑez, 2005, Tchetchik, Fleischer and Finkelshtain ,2008; Edwards 1993)

ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื

)ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ, 2004ืžืงื•ืจืช: ื”ืœืž"ืก, ืกืงืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื’ืœ ื•ืฆ'ืฆ'ื™ืง(

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ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”...ื”ืขื ืฃ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. 2

ื ื•ื›ื— ื™ืชืจื•ื ื• ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืจืืฉื™, ื”ื•ื

ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืจื—ื‘ื”

. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช3, ืขื•ืžืก , ืจืขืฉ, ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื™ืจืฆืคื™ืคื•ืชืคื’ื™ืขื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”- 1.

ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืชื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืœ- : club good amenitiesืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ - . 2

RA -ื ื”ื ื™ื ืž private good -ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ืž club good:ืฉืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช

amenities ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื ืข"ื™:

ื( ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื•ื‘ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืžืฉืงื™-ื‘ื™ืช ื‘( ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™

ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืขื ืฃ

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ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฆืคื™ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ื” โ€ข

ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืจืžื” ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข- ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช- ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช/ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœื•ืงืืœื™ืช: ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘

ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฉื ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— โ€ข

ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืคืจ -ืžื”ื•ื•ื” RAื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”- ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจื™ืช

ืžืกืคืจ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ืื’ืœื•ืžืจืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช โ€“ โ€ข & Papatheodoruo, 2003, Urtasum)ืืš ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™

Gutierrez , 2006)

ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” o ื•- ืœืืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื’ืœื•ืžืจืฆื™ื”club goods

ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืขืœ:. ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื1. ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช2o ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข

ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•"ืž ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื•ืขืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช

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ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช- ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื˜ืœื™ื™ื: ื‘ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื1.

ื‘ืคืจื˜-ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™

ื˜ื‘ืข

ื•ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืื’ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื 2.

Informational aspects.3 ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื ื•ืช ืœ externalitiesื-

ืžืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืž"ืคื™ืœื•ืก ื”ื“ืจืš" ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช

ื”ืžื›ื”ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื- ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืžื–ืขื•ืจ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘-

ืžื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฃ

ื“ื™ื•ืŸื‘ืื™ืจื•ื— Agglomeration & Club-Good ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช

ื”ื›ืคืจื™

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ื›ืคืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื amenitiesื•-

ืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื RAืœ-

ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื..

ืื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช

ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื’ื“ืœ

...ื“ื™ื•ืŸื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื’

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ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช RAโ€“ ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื ื˜ืจืคื•ื’ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื ื˜ืจืคื˜ืœื™ื

ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™

ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื’ืœื•ืžืจืฆื™ื” - ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ืœื™ื

ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ืžืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืกื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช:ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช: ื–ื” ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืจืžื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™

ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—: ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืชื™ื‘ื—ืจ โ€œhotels compete in relatively local market areasโ€ )Baum & Haveman, 1997)

ืœืจื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชื—ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ืชื‘ื“ืœื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™

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...ื“ื™ื•ืŸ

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ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™

ืžืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ืฉื•ืง ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ- ืืฉืจ

Tchetchik, Fleischer & Finkelshtainื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ )TFF) )2008) ืฉื ื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื•ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื” ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ืœื™ื

ืžืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื›ื™, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืื•ืคืงื™ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸื”ื—ื•ืงืจ/

TFF)2008) ืžืฆืื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชRA ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ

ืื ื• ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•( ื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื™ื—' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ

ืžื•ื“ืœ

CG

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ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื:โ€ข

ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื (ื™ื—ื™' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—( ื•ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื1.

ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืข"ืค ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื2.

(Nash ืกื•ื’ ืฉื™ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ (3. ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืื ื“ื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื โ€ข ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ RAื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช: ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”-โ€ข

ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื—ื™' ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจืŸ ืข"ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ื. ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ื”: โ€ข ื‘. ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื

ื’. ืž"ืž ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ืงื™ ื ืงื‘ืข ืข"ื™ ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช โ€ข

ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื

...ืžื•ื“ืœ

CG

02308650
determined through competition among the firms
Page 10: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ Mื›ืคืจื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื Vื‘- ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช RA: Lื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”-

'ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆ ืžืฉื”ื•ืช iืฉืœ ืฆืจื›ืŸ nested-logitืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”-

jื‘ืคื™ืจืžื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช

ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฆืคื•ืช

ืœื›ืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ืœ iืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื™ืฆื’ ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืจ

โ€“ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” j ืœืคื™ืจืžื” iื”ื”ืขื“ืคืช ืฆืจื›ืŸ ฯ‚ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจืš

ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืžื™ื“ืช 1ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœ-ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ืžื›ืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ืืคืช

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœืคื™ืจืžื” ืื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข 0ืœ-j ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื” ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฆืคื•ืช

CG

Page 11: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉโ€ฆ* ืฉืžืฉื™ืื” ืืช jื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจืžื”

ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœื•

ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ (ื ืชื—ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง Lื”ืฉื•ืง( ืขื‘ื•ืจ

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืžืฆืจืคื™ื”ื•ื ืืคืกื ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ

ื”ื•ื jืžื›ืืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืžืคื™ืจืžื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ:

ื”ืกื˜

ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืฉื”ื•ืช iืืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจV ื‘ื›ืคืจ jื‘ืคื™ืจืžื”

ijivij (1)

ijjijU

ijCG

Page 12: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ....ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ื›ืš,

ื ืชื•ืŸ ืข"ื™ j(ืื• ื ืชื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื” (jืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจืžื” ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ืืฉืจ

A

j dFS ()()

ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืชื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช closed-formื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™

ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช:2ื ื ื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›"ืžื•ืฆืจ RAื”ืฆื’ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™- 1.

ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืš ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื• RAื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™" ืฉืžืชื—ืจื” ืขื ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸRAืืงืกื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”-

ฮด0=0 ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช 2. -ืžืฆืื• ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช TFF(2008)ื”ื ื—ื” ื—ื–ืงื”, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ืข"ืค

ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœืื–ื•ืจ RAื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ CG ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ MEื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”-

Page 13: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

Vv NvjNvj

j

jj

j

ee

eS

..1

(1)

(1)(1)

(1)

v Nvj

o

je

s(1)

(1)

1(,)

jvjjvvjj spddxs

s (ln)'(ln) /

2

0

village market share

ืžืฉืงืฃ ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื—ื™' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘

Attributes

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ... ืชื—ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืžื ื™ื‘ ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ

ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช

ื‘- Sj, ื ื—ืœืง ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืืžื™ื“ื”ืœืงื‘ืœืช S0

market share

OG market share

A

j dFS ()()

CG

Price

Page 14: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ืชืžื—ื•ืจืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื‘ืขื™ืช ืžืงืก' ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืคื™ืจืžื” ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช- ื”ืคื™ืจืžื”

ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช

C) =ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื” ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” โˆ™)ืฉืœ:

ืชื ืื™ ืกื“ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” (ืชืžื—ื•ืจ( ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื”

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช

ื”ืชืคื•ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช

M M

(//)1

jjjjj ddssmcp

CG

02308650
Note that the characteristics that influence the cost need not be identical to those affecting consumer preferences (Zโ‰ X).
Page 15: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฆืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•/ืื• ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ

ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฆืคื•ืช

ืžื—ื™ืจ-ืขืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื•ื—

ืชืžื—ื•ืจโ€ฆืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชืคื•ืงื” ื•ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื—' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—- ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืœืืžื™ื“ื”

ื”ื™ื:ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ืช ,

jvjjvvjj spddxs

s (ln)'(ln) /

2

0

ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉืœื ืœืืžื™ื“ื” :

Page 16: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ื ืชื•ื ื™ื:ืื™ืจื•ื— ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืข"ืค 16% (80 ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”- ืฆืžื™ื—ื”-

ืฉื ื™ื(23 5 ื‘- 2009 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœ- 12,000ื›- ื’ื•ื“ืœ-

ืื–ื•ืจื™ื

ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ 10% ื›- ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช*-

ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืชื

ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ื’ื•ืคื•ืœืกื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืขื ืขื ืคื™* ืžื‘ื ื”

(Tchetchik et al )2008*ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ืžื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื 60%ืžืจื•ื•ื— ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ

PD

CG

Page 17: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

23% (2000 ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 200ืกืงืจ ืืจืฆื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช (Tchetchik )2006ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”( ืฉื ืืกืคื• ืข"ื™

ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื

24%ืžื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื ืืกืคื• ื‘ื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื 107

ื›ืคืจื™ื6ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ื–ืจื™ื ืข"ืค

RA ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขืกืงื• ื‘- 35% ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืคืจื™ื 2000ื‘-

ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช- ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื—' ื”ืื™ืจื•ื—

ืœืคื™ืจืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘

,TFF ืข"ืค ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื ืฃ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ((

2008

ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจื™ื "ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื" ืžื“ื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ

CG

Page 18: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

Variable Description Mean S.D.

Firmโ€™s total market share Total nights divided by the entire market size )%( 0.57 0.51%

Firmโ€™s market share Total nights divided by the region's market size 0.93% 0.84%

Within village share Equals firmโ€™s share within the village 5.61% 5.87%

Occupancy rate Annual average occupancy rate 0.28 0.12

Price Average price per unit night in 296.4 77.4

Breakfast* =1 if breakfast is included in the hospitality price 0.34  

Luxury )a( Value of luxury elements based on their cost 4.95 4.15

Amenities # of amenities, e.g. bath-oils, homemade jam, fruits 2.7 2.19

Number of units # of accommodations units per firm 4.07 2.66

Unit size Average size of each firmโ€™s units in m2 33.73 12.52

Business age # of years the firm operates in the market 7. 71 6.26

Village Density)b( Village number of accommodation per 1000 residents 104.95 56.04

Owners Agriculture* =1 if the owner's agric. land is on sight from the units 0.45  

Rosh-Pina* =1 if the firm is located in Rosh-Pina village 0.22  

Active Farm* =1 if the operator is also an active farm operator 0.58  

Cultivated land Total cultivated land in dunam )( 8.20 2.5

Instruments  

Surveyor rating The surveyor impression from the accommodations on a 1-5

scale

2.9 0.62

Nonagricultural community =1 if the firm is located at a nonagricultural community 0.18

OTHBRKST Number of other rural accommodations operators in the

village who serve breakfast

12.6 8.4

OTHLUXSE)a( Other luxury features in the village 97.95 38.8

OTHLCSET Other log-cabin shares in the village 4.52 3.53

OTHARTRS Other attractions in the village operated by rural

accommodations operators

13.5 8.6

OTHAMENST Other amenities offered on the village 53.8 17.2

Page 19: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

GMM Estimates of Demand Parameters

Variable Coefficients Standard Errors

Marginal Effects b Elasticities c

Constant -1.086* 0.19

Owner Agriculture view 0.18* 0.05 49.17* 0.21*Luxury elements 0.024* 0.01 6.43 * 0.31*Rosh-Pina 1.34* 0.14ln)No. of units( 0.43* 0.09 28.2 0.27*Village Density 0.026* 0.0049

1.23* 1.19*Village Density sq. -0.0001034* 0.000020Active farm -0.01 0.03Special amenities 0.05* 0.01 13.8* 0.36*Breakfast included 0.03** 0.03 8.25 0.03Unit size 0.05** 0.02 12.33* 0.40*Price ) per night(a -0.0026* 0.0005 -0.71* -2.03*

ฯƒ a 0.64* 0.05R2=0.63

ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช

02308650
Rosh-Pina village, which is affluent with beautiful open landscapes, as well as galleries, museums and other tourist attractions, is found more attractive than the other villages Accordingly, an accommodation unit located in Rosh-Pina enjoys occupancy of 108 sold nights more than units in any other villages, all other things equal.
02308650
: indicating a strong within village dependency between the stochastic parts of the utility
Page 20: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ืžืงื“ืžื™ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื‘ื:

ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ื›ืคืจื™ 124 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื 1000ืœ-

Village # of Accommodations Units per 1000 Residents

Occupancy Rate

...ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช

Page 21: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

GMM Estimates of Pricing Equation

Variable Coefficients

Standard Errors P[|Z|>z]

Marginal Effects Elasticities

constant 246.50* 64.69 0.01

Special amenities 14.72* 2.51 0.00 0.13

Breakfast included -3.39 8.60 0.71

Luxury elements* 8.03* 1.12 0.00 0.13

Unit size 5.87 5.12 0.32

Farm's cultivated area -0.92 1.69 0.65

#. of years since firm establishment 1.61 0.78 0.26

Number of units -0.17 1.69 0.92

Village Density )ln( -38.61* 8.35 0.00 -0.34 -0.13R2=0.36

...ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช

02308650
In particular the log of an addition of one accommodation unit for 100 resident in the village reduces marginal costs by 34 NIS.
Page 22: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

Village Density

Present Density

Shar-Yeshuv 186Amirim 136Bet-Hillel 165Korazim 33Metula 77Rosh-Pina 30

Village Market Share

Actual Change

Percentage Change

Shar-Yeshuv 1.4% 12%Amirim -5.0% -29%Bet-Hillel -1.6% -9%Korazim 0.7% 14%Metula 1.9% 9%Rosh-Pina 2.8% 10%

+30%

-30%

Other Indicatorsconsumer welfare NIS 221 51%Average firm profits NIS 28,355 39%

Aggregate firmsโ€™ profits )000' NIS( 3,543 45%Total welfare )000โ€˜ NIS ( 17,563 54%Average price NIS -1 -0.4%

Size of the market )000' rooms nights( 2.1 4%Average occupancy rate 1.4% 3%

ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”

CG

Page 23: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

club good ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื’ืœื•ืžืจืฆื™ื” ื•- ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜:

ื ืžืฆืื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœืื’ืœื•ืžืจืฆื™ื” RA ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ื’ืžื• ื™ื—ืกื™

ื‘ื›ืคืจืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“

ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ื›ืœื™ RAืœื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”-

ืœืืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืื•ืคื˜ืžืœื™ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื˜ื—ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช

ืืœื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ RAื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื—ื™' ืฉื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื-ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืฆื“ ืื—ื“

ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืขืœ RAืื™ื ื• ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”-

ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืืจื—ืช, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช

ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืืœื•- ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ RAื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžืฉืš

ืกื™ื›ื•ื

CG

Page 24: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ !ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื”

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Page 33: Agglomeration and Club Goods in the  Rural Accommodations Industry

Club Goods:

also known as collective goods, are a type of impure public good that permits excludability and partial divisibility, but is non-rivalry )that is itsโ€™ use by one ind. doesnโ€˜t prevent itsโ€™ use by other ind.) at least until reaching a point where congestion occurs. Examples are: swimming pools, golf courses,

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