Agenda• Permission Slips– Turn in– Due Wednesday

• What do you know about industrial Revolution?

• The beginnings of the Industrial revolution lecture

• Write up

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What do you know about Industrial Revolution?

• Time period of Great Change– Technology– Lifestyle

The Beginnings of Industrialization

Mr. Saeteurn

Before

After

Before

After

• Learning Targets

• Standards– 10.3.1– 10.3.2– 10.3.5

4.1. Greatly improved farming methods resulted in an Agricultural Revolution that paved the way for changes in manufacturing techniques. The Agricultural Revolution led to population growth.

Agricultural Revolution Crop rotation

Enclosures

4.2. The Industrial Revolution began in England due to the many advantages in the nation.

Industrialization Railroad locomotive

Factors of production

Outline• Background• Begins in Britain

– Ag. Revolution– Why England

• Inventions• Transportation• Railroad

• Key Terms: Agricultural Revolution, Crop rotation, Industrialization, Natural Resources, Enclosures, Entrepreneurs, Factors of Production

Background

• England– Industrial revolution began

• Large machines– Before people worked using their hands– Machines replaced the hand labor

• Spread from England to Europe to North America

Begins in Britain• Agriculture Revolution– 1700CE, small farms all over

• Wealthy land owners bought them up

– Encloses lands with fences– Enclosure Movement results

• Farmers tried new farming methods– Boosted harvest– More productive seeding and

farming methods• Small farmers became tenant

farmers or gave up and moved to cities

Agriculture Revolution• Jethro Tull– One of first Scientific Farmers– Seed Drill• Allowed farmers to plant in well placed rows at specific

depth• Boosted crop yield

Agriculture Revolution

• Crop Rotation– One year farmers might plant wheat which takes

away soil nutrients.– Next year plant turnips which restores nutrients

Agriculture Revolution

• Livestock– Production– Robert Bakewell• Mutton

– Bread best sheep• Average weight

– 1700- 18 LBS– 1786- 50 LBS

• Living condition and food increase– Results: Population

Begins in Britain• Why England?

– Large population of workers– Natural resources

• Water power and coal to fuel new machines• Iron ore to make new machines, tools and buildings• Rivers for transportation• Harbors where merchant ships set sail

– Investors• Banks loans

– Encouraged people to invest in new machines , expand operations• Demands of goods

– Overseas trade, Economic prosperity, Climate of progress

– Stability• No wars on British soil

– Had all factors of production• Land, labor, capital (wealth)

Questions

• How did the agriculture revolution cause the population to increase?

• What factors allowed the Industrial revolution to begin in Britain

• How did the increase of population help the industrial revolution in England?

Inventions: Textile• Flying Shuttle (1733)

– John Kay– Doubled production of textile

• Spinning Jenny (1764)– James Hargreaves– Allowed one spinner to spin 8

threads at once• Water Frame

– Richard Arkwright– Before: hand powered– Used water powered stream to

drive spinning wheels

Inventions: Textile• Spinning Mule (1779)– Samuel Crompton– Combined Spinning Jenny and water frame – Made thread stronger finer, more consistent

• Power loom (1787)– Edmund Cartwright– Sped up waving

• These machines were huge– Took weaving out of house and into factories• Built near rivers (water power)

Inventions: Textile

• Cotton– 1790s remove seeds from raw cotton by hand• Hard work

– Cotton Gin (1793)• Eli Whitney (American)• Sped up this process• Increased output• Cotton Production

– 1790: 1.5 million LBS– 1810: 85 million LBS

Questions

• What are some advantages of having machines?

• Why was cotton gin significant invention?

Transportation• Watt’s Steam Engine (1765)

– James Watt– Made steam engine work faster, burn less fuel– Joined with Matthew Boulton (entrepreneur)

• Water Transport– Steam propel boats– Robert Fulton ordered steam engine from Boulton and Watt– Clermont (1807)

• 1st successful trip• Took people up and down NY Hudson river

– England:• Improved network of canals (human made waterways)• By mid 1800’s 4,250 miles of inland channels• Cost of transport=

Railway

• Steam Engine on wheels drove English industry after 1820

• Steam Driven Locomotives (1804)– Richard Trevithick• Hauled 10 tons of iron 10 miles down track

– George Stephenson (1821)• Built 20 engines for mine operators in northern England• 1st rail line

– Ran 27 miles from Yorkshire coal fields to port of Stockton on North sea

Railway• Liverpool Manchester railroad

– Connected Liverpool with Manchester– 1829 competition

• Rocket– Designed by Stephenson and son won

– Opened 1830• Revolutionizes life

– 4 Effects• 1. Spurred industrialization by giving manufactures a cheap way to

transport materials and goods.• 2. Created thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners• 3. Boosted Agriculture and fishing industries• 4. Easier travel encouraged country people to take city jobs

Write Up

• Answer one of the question in the form of a paragraph.– Was the revolution in agriculture necessary to the

industrial revolution? Explain– What effect did entrepreneurs have upon the

industrial revolution?– Do you agree with the statement that the steam

engine was the greatest invention of the industrial revolution? Why or why not?