Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário1

Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário

Agenda 2030

Policy formulation, negotiation, decision and evaluation

Stakeholders engagement and participation

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master on Environmental EngineeringGestão de Ambiente e Território/ Environment and Territory Management 4/2

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Bibliography• Creighton, J. L. 2005. The Public Participation Handbook: making better

decisions through citizen involvement. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

• Fleming et al 2017, The sustainable development goals: A case study. Marine Policy 86 (2017) 94–103

• Faludi A. The environmentally centred view of planning. Pergamon Press; 1987

• Healey, P 1997. Collaborative Planning: Shaping Places in Fragmented Societies, UBC Press

• Nilsson and Persson, 2017. Policy note: Lessons from environmental policy integration for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, Environmental Science and Policy, 78: 36–39

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Decision cycleOODA Loop – John Boyd

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Basic concepts in planning

Allocate resources to activities or uses;

To define development objectives and strategies;

To establish rules (policies to support thedesign of actions)

PLANNING IS....

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

“Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment” (A/RES/70/1), adopted on 25th September 2015

17

Objectives

169

Targets

232

Indicators

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

SDG are global Governments (and organizations) are expected to take ownership and establish national (and corporate) frameworks for their achievement

(adapted from UN, https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/developmentagenda)

SDG help to clarify what is meant by sustainability and sustainabledevelopment

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

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https://blog.kumu.io/a-toolkit-for-mapping-relationships-among-the-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-a21b76d4dda0(see also: Le Blanc, 2015, Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets; UN DESA)

Systemic view on the SDG - indivisible whole

Network of goals

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Systemic view on the SDG - indivisible whole

Network centred on SDG10

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

SDG Compass (SDG Compass – The Guide for business action on the SDGs; GRI, WBCSD, UN Global Compact) 2015 http://sdgcompass.org/Framework for businesses implementation of the SDGs Step 1: Understanding the SDGs

Step 2: Defining prioritiesStep 3: Setting goalsStep 4: IntegratingStep 5: Reporting & communicating

The Gap FrameKatrin Muff, Agnieszka Kapalka, Thomas Dyllick, 2017Applies SDG Compact – looking for actions

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Policy formulation, negotiation, decision and

assessment

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UNEP, 2009

Policy analysis

Policy formulation

Evaluation

Implementation

Decision-Making

Agenda setting

Policy Decision cycle

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Four key policy-making dimensions (Nilsson and Persson, 2017)

1.Normative framework guiding2.Political will to implement3.Cognitive and analytical capacities4.Institutional (organizational and procedural) arrangements

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Value – knowledge – rules model of decision-making (Fleming et al 2017)

Analysis and diagnosis of institutional (formal and informal), values-based (culture, norms, preferences, expectations, identity, motivations) and informational (knowledge) factors that constrain or enable decisions

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Multiple territorial perceptions

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Negotiation and persuasion

Negotiationhttps://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=A0geKV3.mKtaKIUATb4PxQt.;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNGozbWZ1BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjQxMjNfMQRzZWMDc2M-?p=ted+talks+negotiation&fr=yhs-iba-1&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1#id=9&vid=dcfb6eeb0d5bf443fcafa6c236b60cad&action=view

Negotiation vs persuasionhttps://video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search;_ylt=AwrEg6dJmqtaV0MA2rkPxQt.?p=negotiations+and+persuasion&fr=yhs-iba-1&fr2=piv-web&hspart=iba&hsimp=yhs-1&type=fbds_5907_CHW_PT#id=3&vid=1752f76087fe609f7d1857ed55abe2f9&action=view

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Stakeholders in planning process

Stakeholders= population?

Stakeholders have different motivations and interests, sometimes convergent others conflictual

Public interest: Public good or private corporative interests?

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Aarhus Convention and European Directive 2003/4/CE of 28 January

http://www.unece.org/env/pp/

Access to information, Public participation in environmental decision-making and Access to justice in environmental matters

Principle 10 of Rio Declaration(1992)

Environmental issues are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens….each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the environment ….and the opportunity to

participate in decision-making processes.

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http://lithgow-schmidt.dk/sherry-arnstein/ladder-of-citizen-participation.html

Citizens participation ladderArnstein (1969, Journal of the American Planning Association, 35: 216-224)

Manipulation

Information

Consultation

Participation

Delegation of power

Citizens control

Public weight in decision-making

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Communicative-planning approaches – emphasis on the role of actors in the planning process

1. How to select the relevant actors?2. What is the relevant information for each relevant actor,

and how to get it? 3. What are the characteristics of important social

networks, and how can they be identified and analyzed? 4. How to apply the information on actors and actor

networks in practical situations?

Thissen (2001)

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Dynamic Actor Network Analysis (DANA)Systemic description of an actor in relation to the relevant causal situations, on

the structure of objectives, or on the structure of the network, which implies his relationship with other actors in the network

Visualization with graphs analysis will enable:- Analysis of different perspectives between actors- Clusters of actors- Analysis of dependence structures

http://dana.actoranalysis.com/

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Formal network

Informal network

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http://www.sas2.net/Social Analysis Systems

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Who is involved?

Stages and Methods of PP

Benefits of PP

Potential application:

-EIA

-SEA

-Strategies for Sustainability

-Local Agenda 21

-Spatial and Development planning

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

Participative techniques - Hands on planning

"If you want to know how the shoe fits, ask the person who is wearing it, not the one who made it."

Environment and Territory Management @ MRPartidário

TED Talk: How to be a change agent?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZR1Dn1HdSpA

Agents of change

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COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENTCommunities of Komiža, Patti and Palamós

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WP communicationCommunity learning and knowledge brokerage

Collect information from common and empirical knowledge among the community

Promotes and depends on interactions with local stakeholders:

Co-develop of community’s sustainable development strategy for marine ecosystems

Co-define strategic options and strategic paths for marine ecosystems sustainable management

Image source: Arbter et. al 2005, p. 18

Sharing results during project duration: involvement, communication and dissemination

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Ostrom E. 2009. A general framework for analysing sustainability of social-ecological systems. Science; 325: 419-422.

WP communicationCommunity learning and knowledge brokerageSocial-Ecologial Systems Approach: