Age of JacksonAge of Jackson

Chapter 10Chapter 10

Election of 1824Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson

Election of 1824Election of 1824

Democracy ExpandsDemocracy Expands

What does “democracy expands” What does “democracy expands” mean?mean?

In the 1700s government was In the 1700s government was managed and controlled by wealthy managed and controlled by wealthy male property ownersmale property owners

Why does it matter who manages or Why does it matter who manages or controls the government?controls the government?

This imbalance of power alienated the This imbalance of power alienated the majority of Americansmajority of Americans

ResultsResults

States change voting qualificationsStates change voting qualifications Allows more Allows more whitewhite men to vote. How? men to vote. How? Freed blacks are still denied this right.Freed blacks are still denied this right.

Creation of nominating conventions Creation of nominating conventions which allows the which allows the membersmembers of the of the party to nominate its candidates.party to nominate its candidates.

This time period is known as This time period is known as Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Rematch of the 1824 ElectionRematch of the 1824 Election The Democratic-Republican party The Democratic-Republican party

splitssplits Democratic Party Democratic Party Jackson Jackson National Republican Party National Republican Party John Q. John Q.

AdamsAdams

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson:Jackson: War heroWar hero Man of the peopleMan of the people Bad temperBad temper Crude and Crude and

unrefinedunrefined

Adams:Adams: ExperiencedExperienced Son of John AdamsSon of John Adams Harvard educatedHarvard educated Out of touch with Out of touch with

the common manthe common man Not very Not very

charismaticcharismatic

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson’s AdministrationJackson’s Administration

Spoils SystemSpoils System Vice President Vice President John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun

From South CarolinaFrom South Carolina Secretary of State Secretary of State Martin Van Martin Van

BurenBuren From New YorkFrom New York

Kitchen Cabinet Kitchen Cabinet predecessor of the predecessor of the modern white house staffmodern white house staff

Sectionalism IncreasesSectionalism Increases

By this time the United States has By this time the United States has divided itselfdivided itself

Three distinct parts:Three distinct parts: The SouthThe South The NorthThe North The WestThe West

The NorthThe North

Economy based on:Economy based on: TradeTrade ManufacturingManufacturing

Supported TariffsSupported Tariffs Why?Why?

Opposed the sale Opposed the sale of public lands for of public lands for low priceslow prices

The SouthThe South

Economy based on Economy based on agricultureagriculture

Most dependent on Most dependent on cash cropscash crops CottonCotton TobaccoTobacco

Against TariffsAgainst Tariffs Why?Why?

Relied heavily on Relied heavily on slaveryslavery

The WestThe West

Was an emerging Was an emerging economyeconomy

People in the People in the West where West where concerned with 2 concerned with 2 thingsthings Cheap landCheap land Internal Internal

improvementsimprovements

Tariff of AbominationsTariff of Abominations

A high tariff on importsA high tariff on imports Passed by congress before Andrew Passed by congress before Andrew

Jackson took officeJackson took office This causes sectionalism to increaseThis causes sectionalism to increase Why?Why?

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

Many of the Many of the southern southern economies suffered economies suffered because of the tariffbecause of the tariff

South Carolina in South Carolina in particular suffered particular suffered because of tariffsbecause of tariffs

John C. Calhoun will John C. Calhoun will take the side of the take the side of the southern statessouthern states

State’s Rights DoctrineState’s Rights Doctrine

Calhoun writes the Calhoun writes the South Carolina South Carolina Exposition and ProtestExposition and Protest

In this document Calhoun argued two In this document Calhoun argued two things:things: Because the states had formed the national Because the states had formed the national

government they should be more powerful than government they should be more powerful than the national governmentthe national government

States had the right to States had the right to nullifynullify any federal law any federal law they thought was unconstitutionalthey thought was unconstitutional

Calhoun resigns from the Office of the Vice Calhoun resigns from the Office of the Vice President and is replaced by Van BurenPresident and is replaced by Van Buren

Nullification Debate ContinuesNullification Debate Continues

After resigning Calhoun runs for After resigning Calhoun runs for election in the Senate and winselection in the Senate and wins

Uses this as a platform for arguing in Uses this as a platform for arguing in favor of the State’s Rights Doctrinefavor of the State’s Rights Doctrine

Based on principles established by Based on principles established by Madison and Jefferson in the Virginia Madison and Jefferson in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutionsand Kentucky Resolutions

Hayne vs. WebsterHayne vs. Webster

Robert Y. HayneRobert Y. Hayne Senator for South Senator for South

CarolinaCarolina Defends the state’s Defends the state’s

rights to nullify rights to nullify federal lawfederal law

Argues that it Argues that it provides states with provides states with a lawful way to a lawful way to protest federal lawsprotest federal laws

Daniel WebsterDaniel Webster Senator from Senator from

MassachusettsMassachusetts Argues that the Argues that the

Union is one Nation, Union is one Nation, not a pact among not a pact among independent statesindependent states

Believed that the Believed that the Nation > StatesNation > States

Jackson’s ViewsJackson’s Views

Opposed to nullificationOpposed to nullification Urged congress to decrease the tariffUrged congress to decrease the tariff South Carolina thought the new tariff South Carolina thought the new tariff

was still too highwas still too high

South Carolina vs Andrew JacksonSouth Carolina vs Andrew Jackson

Nullification ActNullification Act Passed by South Passed by South

CarolinaCarolina Declared that the Declared that the

federal tariffs where federal tariffs where null and voidnull and void

Threatened to withdraw Threatened to withdraw from the union if federal from the union if federal troops where used to troops where used to enforce the tariffenforce the tariff

Also voted to form their Also voted to form their own armyown army

Force BillForce Bill Passed by congressPassed by congress Requested by JacksonRequested by Jackson

It allowed the It allowed the President to use force President to use force (army) if necessary(army) if necessary

This causes the other This causes the other southern states to not southern states to not support South Carolinasupport South Carolina

CompromiseCompromise

Proposed by Henry ClayProposed by Henry Clay Will gradually decrease the tariff over Will gradually decrease the tariff over

a number of yearsa number of years Is quickly passed to prevent violent Is quickly passed to prevent violent

confrontation in South Carolinaconfrontation in South Carolina Like the Missouri Compromise before Like the Missouri Compromise before

it, this does not change the opinions it, this does not change the opinions of either sideof either side