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Age of Exploration 1450-1750 Slide 2 PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: Portugal was the first European country to establish trading outposts in AFRICA. The Portuguese believed to get to ASIA by sea they would have to sail around the tip of Africa (CAPE of GOOD HOPE) Slide 3 PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: 1488 Portuguese explorer BARTOLOMEU DIAS was the first to sail around AFRICA but did not continue on to Asia Slide 4 PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: 1498- Portuguese explorer VASCO DA GAMA rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached INDIA IMPACTS: All water trade route to Asia Portugal built a trading empire in the Indian Ocean Broke up the MUSLIM - ITALIAN domination in the Asian trade market Slide 5 PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: how: Portugal sold goods much CHEAPER (about 1/5 the cost) As a result of Portugals SUCCESS other European nations wanted to establish their own TRADING empires in ASIA Slide 6 SPAIN: In Spain, MUSLIMS called Moors controlled the country from 700S until the 1100S Slide 7 SPAIN: Christians tried to win back control and began the RECONQUISTA RECONQUISTA - campaign to recapture Spain from the Muslims By the 1400s the Muslims were driven out of most of Spain the only area they held onto was GRANADA http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/la- reconquista-and-the-alhambra/ Slide 8 SPAIN: In 1492 the Muslims were defeated in Granada by the Christian army Spain was united by the rule of King FERDINAND and Queen ISABELLA Slide 9 SPAIN: They set up a rigid CATHOLIC society to increase their power INQUISITION - this was a court held by the church under their rule Slide 10 SPAIN: People whose RELIGIOUS beliefs differed from the teachings of the Church were labeled HERETICS - brutally tortured Most were JEWS & MUSLIMS Later in 1492 all JEWS and MUSLIMS were expelled from Spain Slide 11 SPAIN: With the help of the INQUISITION Spain was unified under Christianity The success of PORTUGAL inspired Spain to try and gain a share of the WEALTHY spice trade in Asia Slide 12 http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/ho w-the-spanish-inquisition-worked/ Slide 13 SPAIN: In Italian sailor Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to his plan of reaching Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean He set out in August with three ships: NINAPINTASANTA MARIA 1492 FINANCE WEST Slide 14 SPAIN: Two months later, Columbus thought he had reached the islands off the coast of (East Indies) when in fact he landed in the, he mistakenly called the natives who greeted him INDIA CARIBBEAN INDIANS Slide 15 Slide 16 SPAIN: Columbus made additional voyages and claimed land for Spain The Spanish intended to transform these lands into : lands that are controlled by another nation Columbus first trip opened the way for and forever changed the world THREE COLONIES COLONIZATION Slide 17 http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/el- dorado-and-the-river-of-despair/ Slide 18 SPAIN: CONFLICT WITH PORTUGAL Portugal believed Columbus claimed lands for Spain that they had previously visited; they too sent explorers West: 1500 Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed 1507 Amerigo Vespucci realized land was NOT Asia but a new 1519 Ferdinand Magellan sailed around South America into the ; became the first to circumnavigate the world TREATY OF TORDESILLAS imaginary dividing line for claiming lands signed by Spain & Portugal CONTINENT BRAZIL SAIL AROUND PACIFIC Slide 19 SPAIN IN AMERICA: Following Columbus many Spaniards traveled to the Americas Why? (gold) & spread (God) These explorers were called The Spanish were the European settlers in the Americas they established in Mexico, South America, and the United States FIRST WEALTH CHRISTIANITY CONQUISTADORS COLONIES Slide 20 SPAIN IN AMERICA: EXAMPLES: HERNANDO CORTESFRANCISCO PIZZARO 1521 conquered AZTECS and conquered Mexico for Spain 1532 conquered INCAS and captured city of Cuzco in 1533 Slide 21 SPAIN IN AMERICA: EXAMPLES: Ponce De Leon Coronado FloridaSouthwest U.S. Fountain of Youth Slide 22 Slide 23 SPAIN IN AMERICA: A.Superior - armor, muskets, cannons, horses B.Many Native Americans the harsh rule of Aztecs & Incas (willing to help Spanish hoped life would improve with change) C. - Native Americans were exposed to new ones: Had no - killed millions WEAPONRY HATED MEASLES, MUMPS, SMALL POX, TYPHUS DISEASES IMMUNITY Slide 24 SPANISH EMPIRE: During the the Spanish Empire spread from to South America Spain brought many changes to the Americas 1500s CALIFORNIA 1) GOVERNMENT 2) RELIGION 3) CULTURE 4) ECONOMY Slide 25 Spanish set up the system: Land in America was given to conquistadors or landlords by the Spanish government landlords forced natives to farm, ranch, mine for them (form of Spanish the land for its resources and treated the natives - many abuses of rights SLAVERY ENCOMIENDA EXPLOITED BADLY HUMAN Slide 26 I. PENINSULARES 5) SOCIAL CLASSES II. CREOLES III. MESTIZOS IV. MULATTOES V. NATIVE Americans & slavesAFRICAN Slide 27 http://www.missedinhistory.com/podcasts/did -the-chinese-reach-america-before-columbus/