Agache s Measuring the Skin978-3-319-32383... · 2017. 8. 26. · Pierre Agache (deceased)...
Transcript of Agache s Measuring the Skin978-3-319-32383... · 2017. 8. 26. · Pierre Agache (deceased)...
Agache’s Measuring the Skin
Philippe Humbert • Ferial FanianHoward I. Maibach • Pierre AgacheEditors
Agache’s Measuring theSkin
Non-invasive Investigations,Physiology, Normal Constants
Second Edition
With 644 Figures and 157 Tables
Editors
Philippe HumbertDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançon, France
Ferial FanianCenter for Study and Research onthe IntegumentsDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançon, France
Howard I. MaibachDepartment of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA
Pierre Agache (deceased)Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançon, France
The original French edition Physiologie de la peau et explorations fonctionnellescutanées was published by Editions Médicales Internationales, Paris, 2000
ISBN 978-3-319-32381-7 ISBN 978-3-319-32383-1 (eBook)ISBN 978-3-319-32382-4 (print and electronic bundle)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32383-1
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016958724
1st edition: # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004# Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole orpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, orby similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in thispublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in thisbook are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor theauthors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material containedherein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer NatureThe registered company is Springer International Publishing AGThe registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
“This textbook is dedicated to the memory of its creator, Professor
Pierre Agache, whose fingerprints are visible in every page”.
Foreword
We live in a world of rapidly increasing information. The journalists andacademicians often speak about this in a negative sense – utilizing the word“overload.”
Many readers understand the overload phenomena and its impact on theirdaily life and work. Few of us can master the rapidly increasing data of theInformation Age.
The Googles of the universe have aided us greatly in dealing with infor-mation overload.
It is divided into the pre- and post-computer age and has been expeditedgreatly by electronic searching and indexing. The Google world is attemptingto ameliorate unmet need-indexing and electronic availability of the world’sbook collections.
In spite of all of these electronic advances and aids, we remain indebted tothe rare scholar – in this case the late Pierre Agache – for his seminalcontributions in the previous edition of this book.
Professor Agache was a dedicated, thoughtful, and disciplined scholar –making the previous edition one of the most valuable reference textbooks foranybody working in the dermatologic space, including the skin, hair, nails, andtheir other organ involvements.
This edition builds upon the work of Pierre’s work.We have in this edition – the current edition – a technology that Pierre did
not have available.The Springer organization has arranged so that this book will be updated –
almost on a daily basis –when needed. The reader is now able to get updates inboth electronic and print-on-demand versions.
We greatly appreciate the creativity and assistance of Dr. S. Klemp formaking this available. We also thank the Springer team for their skilledassistance in their editorial process.
Your editors appreciate corrections and suggestions and can be readilyreached by email and telephone.
Howard I. Maibach
vii
Preface
Measuring the Skin: A New Look in Dermatology
Measuring the skin succeeds now to looking at the skin or inspecting the skin.Many clinicians limited their diagnosis in dermatology on the only descrip-
tion of skin signs and skin lesions. The fundamental functions of the skin werenot considered except through the aspect of the skin. For example, loss ofbarrier function was deducted of the dryness pattern of the skin. The develop-ment of cosmetology with new active ingredients which are enable to modifythe skin physiology by targeting cell and their nucleus functions, has led thebiometrologists to create the new instrumental devices to accurately assess theimperceptible modifications of the skin.
Since the skin is an organ which can be easily analyzed by looking,touching and smelling to evaluate some of its patterns such as roughness/smoothness, dryness/moisture, Stiffness/sagging, elasticity, extensibility,resistance, radiance/dullness, temperature and etc., it is now appreciated tobe able to assess quantitative measurements, to visualize through the skin andinthe skin different structures such as dermis, vessels, appendages, etc.
The real development of methods to measure the skin took place during the1970s. Indeed, in the last fifty years, the knowledge on the skin physiology andanatomy has been significantly developed in such a manner we are not able toimagine correctly the problems existed many years ago.
Up to these last years, histology remained the gold standard for morpho-logical investigation of the skin, although biopsy may alter the originalmorphology. Advances in ultra-sound and optics provide nowadays a truein vivo analysis of the skin with precise and accurate signification, leading tothe non-invasive optical biopsies. These progresses have many clinical appli-cations in different fields of the medicine such as cancer diagnosis.
Thus a new semiology was born, requiring to be familiar with new patternsand signs. Healthy images at different anatomic sites as well as pathologicaldata regularly appear in the field of biometrology, and need to be known byyoung researchers and dermatologists.
The data and images given by new technologies could be now available forthe practitioners and physiologists which were reserved only to engineers andresearchers in the past,. These methods give the possibility of repetitivehistometric measurements of the same skin site.
ix
Inflammatory diseases, blistering dermatosis and skin tumors are easilyexplored using new sophisticated methods, and the treatment effects can beevaluated. Since biometrology permits to follow the effects of such activeprinciples, it is necessary to enter in the field of cutaneous pharmacology.
Another domain which interests the pharmacists, cosmeticians, doctors,researchers and also the people is skin aging. Indeed, skin appearance ischanging with age, not only in terms of wrinkles and loss of elasticity, butalso in terms of its moisture and radiance. Biometrological assessment allowsto determine the mechanisms between intrinsic and extrinsic factors which areinvolved in skin aging process. The quality of the barrier function of the skin isassessed by numerous methods more and more sophisticated, allowing to haveknowledges on the skin hydration in different levels. Further, new technolo-gies such as RAMAN method helps to determine the qualitative and quanti-tative constitution of the skin; The non-invasive imaging technologiessignificantly improve the diagnosis and also clinical management of skinconditions while giving the dermatologist and closely related specialists, thenew ways for assessing and exploring the skin in its unknown and invisibleparts.
The aim of this new edition of Measuring the skin is to provide the doctor,the researcher, the cosmetician and all person who is involved in assessing theskin, with the tools and their usefulness to characterize the skin. In none ofother field of medicine does such a book exist. Indeed, due to it superficiallocation and simple approach the skin is the target of every measure, everydevice, and all of its function have been explored. When written for the firsttime by Prof. Pierre Agache and myself in 2004, we didn’t imagine at that timethat a new edition will bring so many new information, and disclose so newfields of investigation.
This book has vocation to be the professional basic book of each of you,who wants to know how to characterize such skin property, and wants to knowmore on new skin physiology developments. In memory of my mentor, I amproud to follow him in this skin specialty he contributed to create and todevelop.
Philippe Humbert
x Preface
Acknowledgments
We would never have been able to finish this work without the help of ourcolleagues.
The authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to the personslisted below for their valuable help and support:
– Adeline Jeudy, Thomas Lihoreau, Sophie Mac-Mary, Jean-marieSainthillier, Alexandre Guichard and Ahmed Elkhyat for their help toupdate the table of contents and the new authors according to the recentpublications.
– Dr. Makan Rahshenas for his great help to carry out the correspondancewith authors
– Isabelle Bruey for her assistance in bibliography– Agnès Fontaine and Brigitte Boissenin for their precious help to organise
the work meetings.– Elisabeth Homassel for her valuable help in english translation of some
chapters.– Dr. Hui Xiaoying and Tita F. Reyes and other colleagues of Pr. Maibach in
San Francisco who helped us a lot in updating process.– Deep thanks to the Springer team who followed the redaction process
patiently and efficiently.– In memory of Pr. Xuemin Wang, Vice-Chairman of Shanghai Skin Disease
Hospital, who has written two wonderful chapters on microbiology of theskin in this edition. Unfortunately he expired on February 2016 withouthaving the opportunity to see the outcome.
– Special thanks to Mr. Emmanuel Leclerc, editorial director and Mrs. SylvieCortes, Edition Department assistant at « Lavoisier » editing house in Pariswho dedicated the all legal autorisations to Springer for the upcomingedition of this textbook.
– Finally a no-name appreciation to all secretaries, colleagues, collaboratorsand medical and university staffs who helped the authors/co-authors duringthis long project.
Phillippe HumbertFerial Fanian
Howard I. Maibach
xi
Introduction
Ferial Fanian
Readers of the previous edition of this book have relied on it to aid them inmeasuring all parameters of the skin through the appreciable work of PierreAgache and Philippe Humbert. After the heart-rending death of Pierre Agachein 2003, the first edition was published on 2004 by Springer which was amodified complete translation of the french version edited by him andpublished in 2000 by Lavoisier (Physiologie de la peau et explorationsfonctionnelles cutanées).
Unfortunately the second version was delayed according to several admin-istrative reasons till I have been asked on 2011 to start this big project.Although it was a noticeable major job, it was my great honnor to work withthe well known authors and also the two great editors, Howard Maibach andPhilippe Humbert who always made me the fruitful suggestions and were myenthusiastic supporter through out this long project.
I would like to appreciate all of the respected authors and editors and also allof my friends and colleagues which are named in acknowledgment.
I would like to express my special thanks to Doctor Aude Agache, theesteemed daughter of Professor Agache who did kindly help the team to carryout all administrative steps successfully.
At the end, I would like to dedicate this work to my mother and father,Saeideh Bashirazami and Mohamadali Fanian, which are my first and perma-nent encouraging teachers to study more and more, to my dear Professors,Yahya Dowlati and Alireza Firooz who gave me the scientific view andmotivated me always to go on even in the hard moments, and finally to myhusband, Massoud Salari, who was always at my side cheering me up andsupporting me through the happy and unhappy moments and also my son,Sepanta Salari, who understood patiently my busy time during this hard project.
Procedure
The table of the contents was modified in order to add the most updatedtechnologies in skin physiology, biometrologie, biophysics, imaging andclinical scoring. The authors have been selected according to the most recentpublished articles in each field.
xiii
Comparing to the first edition with 84 chapters and 784 pages, this newedition contain 160 chapters and 1652 pages which can cover the most of theresearchers’ needs in this domain.
Fortunately, this volume has been selected to become part of the Springer-Reference portfolio, which now comprises over 400 major reference worksand almost 500,000 entries/chapters online. This means it will not only be astatic printed book, but it will have a “living” update version online which isvery important for this book because of its gadget like nature.
Contents
In the first section, we have considered an anatomic approach for the chaptertitles : you will start with the surface of the skin and then you will go deeper byleafing the pages. Then you would discover the different measuring techniquesaccording to the functional approach : Mechanical, Photoprotection and sen-sory function of the skin. Furtherly, you will find the standard scoring scales(which will be more completed for the next edition) and the book finishes withskin maps.
We have kept most of the precious chapters of Pierre Agache whosescientific value still remain intact even after 10 years.
All of the reader’s precious comments are welcome.On behalf of the editors, I would like to invite all of the researchers who are
interested to introduce the new methods in the global domain of “Measuringthe Skin”, to contact the editors.
xiv Introduction
Contents
Volume 1
1 The Human Skin: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Pierre Agache, Thomas Lihoreau, Sophie Mac-Mary,Ferial Fanian, and Philippe Humbert
2 Measurements of the Human Skin: Why and How? . . . . . . . 5Pierre Agache
3 Chronobiology of the Skin: Cutaneous Clocks andBiorhythms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Annette Mehling and Corinne Reymermier
4 The Skin Surface Ecosystem: A Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Thomas Lihoreau and Pierre Agache
5 Skin Color and Pigmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35L. Duteil, K. Roussel, and P. Bahadoran
6 The Measurement of Skin Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Behrooz Kasraee
7 Discrimination Between Cutaneous Pigmentation andErythema: Comparison of the Skin ColorimetersDermacatch and Mexameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Mathurin Baquié and Behrooz Kasraee
8 The Architectural Behavior of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67J. C. Guimberteau, J. P. Delage, and E. Sawaya
9 Optical Properties of Skin Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Gladimir V. G. Baranoski and Tenn F. Chen
10 Microbiology of Skin Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99Xuemin Wang, Chao Yuan, and Philippe Humbert
11 Evaluation of Skin Surface Flora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Xuemin Wang, Chao Yuan, and Philippe Humbert
12 Measurement of Skin Surface Acidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113Razvigor Darlenski and Joachim W. Fluhr
xv
13 Sebaceous Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Alireza Firooz, Hamed Zartab, and Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
14 Measurement of Skin Surface Sebum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133Alireza Firooz, Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi, and Hamed Zartab
15 Measurement of Skin Surface Hydration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Peter Clarys and André O. Barel
16 Infant Skin Hydration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149Marty O. Visscher
17 Measurement of Skin Radiance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161Adeline Jeudy, Vanessa Ecarnot, and Philippe Humbert
18 Analysis of Skin Relief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Jean-Marie Sainthillier, Sophie Mac-Mary, andPhilippe Humbert
19 Influence of the Sebum and the Hydrolipidic Layer in SkinWettability and Friction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Ahmed Elkhyat, Ferial Fanian, Ahlam Abdou,Hajar Amarouch, and Philippe Humbert
20 Skin Friction Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203George Man and Mao-Qiang Man
21 Dermoscopy: Basic Knowledge of an InnovativeImaging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211Alexander Witkowski, Giovanni Pellacani,Salvador Gonzalez, and Caterina Longo
22 Digital Photography in Aesthetic Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . 229Jean Marie Sainthillier, Sophie Mac-Mary, andPhilippe Humbert
23 Stratum Corneum Histopathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Marek Haftek
24 Molecular Organization of the Skin Barrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255Lars Norlén
25 Stratum Corneum Desquamation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Gérald E. Piérard, Trinh Hermanns-Lê, and ClaudinePiérard-Franchimont
26 Near-Infrared Densitometry for Improved Standardizationof Tape Stripping and In Situ Determination of the TotalStratum Corneum Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273Steffi Hansen
27 Infrared Densitometry for In Vitro Tape Stripping:Quantification of Porcine Corneocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Victoria Klang, Magdalena Hoppel, and Claudia Valenta
xvi Contents
28 Standardized Tape Stripping: A Practical andReproducible Protocol to Reduce Uniformly the StratumCorneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Heinrich Dickel, Alexandros Goulioumis, Thilo Gambichler,Joachim W. Fluhr, Jeanette Kamphowe, Peter Altmeyer, andOliver Kuss
29 Physical Methods to Measure Stratum Corneum WaterContent In Vivo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299Jean-claude Bernengo and Jean de Rigal
30 Stratum Corneum Dynamic Hydration Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341Katsuko Kikuchi and Hachiro Tagami
31 Optothermal Measurement of Water Distribution WithinStratum Corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355Perry Xiao
32 Cyanoacrylate Skin Surface Stripping for Visualizing theStratum Corneum Structures and Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363Gérald E. Piérard and Claudine Piérard-Franchimont
33 Cyanoacrylate Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369Jakob Mutanu Jungersted
34 Stratum Corneum Biomechanics (Mechanics andFriction): Influence of Lipids and Moisturizers . . . . . . . . . . . 373Gustavo S. Luengo, Anne Potter, Marion Ghibaudo,Nawel Baghdadli, Ramona Enea, and Zhenhhua Song
35 Effects of Sebum on Drug Transport Across the HumanStratum Corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Jui-Chen Tsai, Cheng-Che Eric Lan, and Hamm-Ming Sheu
36 Epidermal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397Patricia Rousselle, Edgar Gentilhomme, and Yves Neveux
37 Markers of Epidermal Proliferation and Differentiation . . . 407Patricia Rousselle, Edgar Gentilhomme, and Yves Neveux
38 In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Clinical Dermatology . . . . . 417Caterina Longo, Giovanni Pellacani, and Salvador Gonzalez
39 Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Clinical Dermatology . . . . 429Julia Welzel, Raphaela Kästle, and Elke Sattler
40 A Pharmaceutical Approach of Transcutaneous OxygenTherapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435D. Salmon, S. Boutefnouchet, E. Gilbert, L. Roussel, andFabrice Pirot
41 Dermis Connective Tissue Histopathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443Pierre Agache
Contents xvii
42 Evaluation of the Cutis by High-ResolutionSonography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Stephan El Gammal, Claudia El Gammal, Peter Altmeyer, andMichael Vogt
43 Ex Vivo High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging of theSkin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Paola Pasquali
44 In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Skin . . . . . . . . . 477Rachid Kechidi and Sébastien Aubry
45 Quantification of the Inhomogeneous Distribution ofTopically Applied Substances on the Human Skin byOptical Spectroscopy: Definition of a Factor ofInhomogeneity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487Hans-Jürgen Weigmann, Sabine Schanzer, Martina C. Meinke,Fanny Knorr, and Jürgen Lademann
46 Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Skin . . . . . . 493Alia Arif Hussain, Lotte Themstrup, Mette Mogensen, andGregor B. E. Jemec
47 Skin Wound Healing Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503Sylvie Meaume and Philippe Humbert
48 Skin Blood Flow: Histophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513Pierre Agache
49 Photoplethysmography in the Evaluation of SkinConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Pierre Agache
50 Skin Microcirculation: Choosing the AppropriateMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529Pierre Agache
51 Lymphatic Microcirculation of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535Pascale Quatresooz
52 Assessment of Cutaneous Microvascular FunctionUsing Laser Doppler Flowmetry and AcetylcholineIontophoresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539Peter D. Drummond
53 Skin Capillaroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549Philippe Humbert, Jean-Marie Sainthillier, Sophie Mac-Mary,Thomas Lihoreau, Ferial Fanian, Adeline Jeudy, and Li Li
54 Assessing Cutaneous Sensory Function and VasomotorResponses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563Parisa Gazerani, Thomas A. Nielsen, and Lars Arendt-Nielsen
xviii Contents
55 Studying the Oscillatory Components of Human SkinMicrocirculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569Henrique Silva, Hugo Ferreira, and Luís Monteiro Rodrigues
56 Epicutaneous 133-Xenon Clearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Pierre Agache
57 Carbon Dioxide Transcutaneous Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587Pierre Agache
58 Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591Pierre Agache
59 Skin Blood Flow in Systemic Sclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599Alessandra Della Rossa, Chiara Baldini, Massimiliano Cazzato,Marta Mosca, and Stefano Bombardieri
60 Evaluation of Port-Wine Stains and Its Treatment . . . . . . . . 609Yuanhong Li
61 Rating Port-Wine Stains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615Pierre Agache, Yasser Afifi, and Philippe Humbert
62 Sweat Gland Histophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617Claudine Piérard-Franchimont, Gérald E. Piérard, andTrinh Hermanns-Lê
63 Sweat Gland Methods of Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623Claudine Piérard-Franchimont and Gérald E. Piérard
64 The Neurophysiology and Assessment of Human SkinWetness Perception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629Davide Filingeri, Simon Hodder, and George Havenith
65 Gravimetry in Sweating Assessment in PrimaryHyperhidrosis and Healthy Individuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Tomasz J. Stefaniak
66 Subcutaneous Tissue Histophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661Helene M. Langevin and Pierre Agache
67 Subcutis Metrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Pierre Agache and Stéphane Diridollou
68 Ultrasound of the Subcutaneous Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683Ximena Wortsman
69 Cellulite: Definition and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695Doris Hexsel and Mariana Soirefmann
70 Practical Surface Anthropometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703Shahram F. Mevaloo
71 Hair Histophysiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711Francisco M. Camacho
Contents xix
72 Healthy Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739Philippe Assouly
73 The Hair Growth Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743Bruno A. Bernard
74 Scalp Sebaceous Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749Yahya Dowlati, Alireza Firooz, and Hamed Zartab
75 Clinical Assessment of the Scalp and Hair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757Won-Soo Lee
76 Scalp Sebaceous Function Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761Yahya Dowlati, Alireza Firooz, and Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
77 Photographic Techniques and Quantification ofHair Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767Van Neste Dominique
78 Scalp Confocal Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787Marina Agozzino and Marco Ardigò
79 Trichoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795Lidia Rudnicka
80 Hair Trichogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801Alexandre Guichard and Ferial Fanian
Volume 2
81 Phototrichogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813Pascal Reygagne
82 Hair Evaluation Method: Pull Test and Wash Test . . . . . . . . 827Marcella Guarrera and Alfredo Rebora
83 Hair Polarized Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831Adriana Rakowska
84 Hair-Hair Contact Dynamics and Interactions Studiedwith Atomic Force Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835Gustavo S. Luengo, Hiroyasu Mizuno, and Mark W. Rutland
85 Nail Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847Robert Baran
86 Nail Metrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853Robert Baran
87 Nail Growth Evaluation and Factors AffectingNail Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867Shari R. Lipner and Richard K. Scher
88 The pH of the Human Nail Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883S. Murdan, G. Milcovich, and G. S. Goriparthi
xx Contents
89 High-Frequency Ultrasound of the Nail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891Charles B. Kromann, Ximena Wortsman, andGregor B. E. Jemec
90 Fibroblast Evaluation: Extracellular Matrix Synthesis . . . . 897Céline Viennet and Patrice Muret
91 Mechanical Properties of Fibroblasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903Carol Courderot-Masuyer
92 Gene Expression and Genetic Evaluation of the Skin . . . . . . 911Philippe Benech
93 Biometrology Guidelines for the In Vivo Assessment ofSkin Surface pH in Nonclinical Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925Aleksandr B. Stefaniak and Johan L. Du Plessis
94 Biometrology Guidelines for the In Vivo Assessment ofTransepidermal Water Loss and Skin Hydration inNonclinical Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933Johan L. Du Plessis and Aleksandr B. Stefaniak
95 Skin Mechanical Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945Pierre Agache and Daniel Varchon
96 Mechanical Behaviour Assessment of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . 963Pierre Agache and Daniel Varchon
97 The Durometer Measurement of the Skin: Hardware andMeasuring Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985Salvatore Panduri, Valentina Dini, and Marco Romanelli
98 Skin Viscoelasticity by Acoustic Velocity and Dispersion:Effects of Tension in Stratum Corneum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993Eduardo Ruvolo, Christina Lee, and Nikiforos Kollias
99 Skin Tensile Strength in Scleroderma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Gérald E. Piérard, Trinh Hermanns-Lê, and ClaudinePiérard-Franchimont
100 Model-Based Interpretation of Skin Microstructural andMechanical Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019Jessica W. Y. Jor, Matthew D. Parker, Martyn P. Nash,Andrew J. Taberner, and Poul M. F. Nielsen
101 Skin Photoprotection Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039Dominique Leroy
102 Radical Production by Infrared Irradiation inHuman Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051Maxim E. Darvin, Martina C. Meinke, and Jürgen Lademann
103 Phototoxicity, Photoirritation, and Photoallergy Detectionand Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061Jean-Claude Beani
Contents xxi
104 Photobiological Assessment of Sunscreens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1071D. Moyal
105 Skin Barrier Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079Fabrice Pirot and Françoise Falson
106 In vivo Skin Absorption and Skin Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . 1091Youssef Lboutounne and Patrice Muret
107 Biological and Pharmacological Tests for the Explorationof Skin Barrier Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1115Pierre Treffel and Bernard Gabard
108 Transepidermal Water Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119Bernard Gabard and Pierre Treffel
109 Suction Blisters and Microdialysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1131Sophie Mac-Mary and Patrice Muret
110 Measuring Silica Nanoparticles in the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141Shohreh Nafisi, Monika Schäfer-Korting, andHoward I. Maibach
111 Predicting Hydration’s Effects on Topical Delivery . . . . . . . . 1165Farhaan Hafeez and Howard I. Maibach
112 Multiphoton Tomography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1177Karsten König
113 Storage Conditions of the Skin Affect Tissue Structure andIn Vitro Percutaneous Penetration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191Jesper B. Nielsen and Luis Bagatolli
114 Epidermal Barrier Treatments Based on Vernix Caseosa . . . 1197Marty O. Visscher
115 Assessing the Effects of Fiber-Based Materials onthe Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209Jackson Leong, Kathryn L. Hatch, and Howard I. Maibach
116 Human Epidermal Barrier May Be QuantitativelyDescribed by Compartmental Analysis of WaterDynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1227Luís Monteiro Rodrigues and Catarina Rosado
117 Skin Reactivity and Proneness to Irritation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241Pierre Agache
118 Cutaneous Testing: Detection and Assessment ofAllergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253Martine Vigan
119 Thermal Exchanges in Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265Jacques Bittel and Victor Candas
xxii Contents
120 Thermophysiological Parameters in Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271Victor Candas
121 Functional Assessment of Thermoregulation in Man . . . . . . 1277Victor Candas and Jacques Bittel
122 Distribution of Skin Thermal Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1285Nicola Gerrett, Yacine Ouzzahra, and George Havenith
123 Skin Thermal Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303Francis J. Ring
124 Validity, Reliability, and Reproducibility of SkinTemperature in Healthy Subjects Using InfraredThermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1311Ismael Fernández-Cuevas, Joao Carlos Marins,Javier Arnáiz Lastras, Pedro Gómez Carmona, andManuel Sillero Quintana
125 Potential Errors in Mean Skin Temperature CalculationDue to Thermistor Placement as Determined by InfraredThermography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1319David D. Pascoe
126 Skin Sensory Structural Component and Function . . . . . . . . 1329Laurent Misery
127 Skin Sensorial Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1333Loïc Rambaud and Laurence Kocher
128 Sensory Function of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1337Laurent Misery
129 Quantitative Neurosensory Exploration of the Skin . . . . . . . 1341Loïc Rambaud
130 Thermal Sensory Analyzer and Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345Iqbaljit Singh and Howard I. Maibach
131 Itch Metrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1355Emilie Brenaut and Laurent Misery
132 Morphometry in Clinical Dermatology . . . or MeasuringWithout a Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361Pierre Agache
133 Assessment of Erythema and Pallor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1367Pierre Agache
134 Cosmetic Facial Skin Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379Sang Woong Youn
135 Cellulite: Classification and Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1385Doris Hexsel, Camile L. Hexsel, andFernanda Naspolini Bastos
Contents xxiii
136 Clinical Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1391Golara Honari
137 Psoriasis Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1401Yasser Afifi and Philippe Humbert
138 Acne Vulgaris Scoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1405Devinder Mohan Thappa and M. Malathi
139 Photography in Acne: Skin Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425Audris Chiang, Farhaan Hafeez, and Howard I. Maibach
140 Classification and Scoring of Androgenetic Alopecia(Male and Female Pattern) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437Alireza Firooz, Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi, Hamed Zartab, HournazHassanzadeh, and Yahya Dowlati
141 Hirsutism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1443Ferial Fanian
142 Skin Scoring for Mycosis Fungoides and SézarySyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1449Julia J. Scarisbrick
143 Impact of Excess Body Weight on Skin Hydration andBiomechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1461Liliana Tavares, Lídia Palma, Osvaldo Santos,MªAngélica Roberto, Mª Julia Bujan, and LuísMonteiro Rodrigues
144 Development and Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability ofa Teledermatology Tool for Occupational SkinSurveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1471Markus F. C. Steiner
145 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-Induced Irritation in the HumanFace: Regional and Age-Related Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1481Slaheddine Marrakchi and Howard I. Maibach
146 Friction Foot Blisters: The Effect of Hydration on the Riskof Blister Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1487Farina Hashmi
147 Use of “Connectivity Map” (Cmap) to Identify Novel,Safe, Effective Antiaging Ingredients for Topical Use . . . . . . 1495Johanna M. Gillbro, Eve Merinville, Mia Nilsson,Eva Hagforsen, Garrett Moran, Tamara Al-Bader, andAlain Mavon
148 Measuring Skin Cell Stiffness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511Christian Schulze and Soeren Jaspers
xxiv Contents
149 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy toEvaluate the Radical Scavenging Activity of the Skin . . . . . . 1523Martina C. Meinke, Anna-Christina Lauer, Annette Friedrich,Sophia Arndt, Stefan F. Haag, and Jürgen Lademann
150 Mechanical Properties of Three Different Types ofSkin Graft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535J. Pauchot, Alexandre Guichard, Thomas Lihoreau,Ahmed Elkhyat, Sophie Mac-Mary, and Philippe Humbert
151 Dynamic Infrared Thermography of InfantileHemangiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1551Marty O. Visscher, Denise M. Adams, and Shona A. Burkes
152 Body Surface Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565Pierre Agache and Ferial Fanian
153 Blaschko Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1567Pierre Agache
154 Dermatomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569Pierre Agache
155 Langer’s Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1573Pierre Agache
156 Main Skin Biological Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579Pierre Agache
157 Main Skin Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607Pierre Agache
158 Physical, Biological and General Constants of the Skin . . . . 1623Pierre Agache
159 Pressure Units of the Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1627Pierre Agache
160 Correspondence Between International SystemUnits (MKSA) and CGS Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629Pierre Agache
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1631
Contents xxv
About the Editors
Philippe HumbertDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançon, France
Professor Humbert has been elevated to the grade of Professor of University in1993, at the age of 34 years. Specialist in Dermatology as well in internalMedicine, Allergology and clinical Immunology, and skin oncology, heperformed a Ph.D. in cutaneous Pharmacology.
During his position of head of the Department of Dermatology in theUniversity Hospital of Besançon from 1993 to 2015, he developed a clinicaldepartment with all the specialties of Dermatology, i.e., Allergology, Surgery,Laser, Internal Medicine, Oncology, pediatric Dermatology, Photobiology,Biometrology.
During the same period, he created the Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology inwhich news skin models are developed as well as cell cultures (keratinocytes,fibroblasts, melanocytes. . .) which are used as pharmacological models.
On a clinical point of view, he created the CERT (Center for Investigationand Research on the Skin) in which, with a team of engineers, doctors,pharmacists, technicians, he performss clinical studies for evaluation of cos-metics or drugs.
In this field of biometrology, he was elected as President of the ISBS(International Society for Bioengineering and Imaging of the Skin) from2005 to 2010 (he organized indeed the International Meeting of ISBS inBesançon in 2009), as well as President of the International Society ofCutaneous Pharmacology. He was President of ESCAD in 2011.
His bibliography includes more than 350 publications and five books.
xxvii
Professor Philippe Humbert received the Award of the French Society ofDermatology, of the French Society of Dermatological Research, as well theFrench Society of Cosmetology.
Known for his humanism and generosity, Professor Philippe Humbertwelcomes many students or professors coming from abroad, and he wasproud to contribute to teach six famous Chinese Professors. He collaborateswith many universities over the world. Believing in the creativity of hisstudents, he helped them to assess three innovative start ups in the domain ofskin biometrology (SkinexigenceR), skin biology (BioexigenceR), and skinpharmacology ( ProviskinR).
Student of Pr Agache, his Editor position is the way to honor his mentor,and to contribute to his artwork.
Ferial FanianCenter for Study and Research onthe IntegumentsDepartment of DermatologyUniversity Hospital of BesançonBesançon, France
Ferial Fanian is a French-Persian dermatologist working in Research Centre ofDepartment of Dermatology of Besançon, France (CERT). She has a remark-able experience on laser applications in dermatology while she was alwaysworking as a researcher in biometrology of the skin.
She is also familiar with optical Biopsy methods particularly with in vivoConfocal Microscopy and that is why she is the board member of ICNI group(Non-Invasive Cutaneous Imaging thematique Group) at French Society ofDermatology. She was working on melanocytes activity and morphologythrough her PhD thesis. She has also obtained two academic fellowship in« Laser and Cosmetic Dermatology » and also « Innovative Chronic WoundHealing » in 2012 and 2013 in France.
Actually, she is the reviewer or invited author for several English andFrench scientific journals in the field of dermatyology, aesthetic medicineand biometrology such as JEADV, Archives of Dermatology, Journal ofCosmetic Dermatology, Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine, MedicalStaff Dermatologie, Réalités Thérapeutiques en Dermato-Vénérologie.
xxviii About the Editors
Research InterestsAdvances and Emerging Techniques in DermatologyAnti-AgingCosmetic DermatologyInvasive and Non-Invasive Methods in DermatologyInvestigative Dermatology
Howard I. MaibachDepartment of DermatologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA, USA
Present Title: Professor
EDUCATION DEGREE
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA A.B.
Tulane University, New Orleans, LA M.D.
USPHS, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Resident/Fellow
HONORARY DEGREES DEGREE YEAR
L’Universite de Paris-Sud, France Ph.D. 1985
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France Ph.D. 2008
University of Southern Denmark M.D. 2010
Dr. Howard Maibach joined the University of California Faculty in 1961 asAssistant Professor, and is currently Professor of Dermatology.
Dr. Maibach, an expert in contact and occupational dermatitis, sees patientsat the Environmental Dermatoses Clinic, which is part of the DermatologyClinic at UCSF. His most active fields of research are dermatopharmacology,dermatotoxicology, and environmental dermatoses. He has been doing humansubject research for 45 years.
He has been on the editorial board of more than 30 scientific journals. Hisbibliography includes more than 2790 publications and 100 books.
He is member of 19 professional societies, including the American Academyof Dermatology (AAD), San Francisco Dermatological Society (SFDS), NorthAmerican Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG), American Contact DermatitisSociety (ACDS), International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG),Society of Toxicology (SOT), European Environmental and Contact DermatitisResearch Group (EECDRG), and the Internal Commission on OccupationalHealth. He is a consultant to government, academia, and industry worldwide.
About the Editors xxix
Dr. Howard Maibach was honored as the 2013 recipient of The MasterDermatologist Award by The American Academy of Dermatology’s 71stAnnual Conference held in Miami, Florida. This prestigious award recognizesan Academy member’s significant contributions to the field of dermatologyand to the American Academy of Dermatology.
In March 2015, The International League of Dermatological Societies(ILDS) awarded Dr. Maibach their 2014 ILDS Certificate of Appreciation inrecognition of his outstanding contribution to dermatology, both nationallyand internationally, through his work, research, publications, and teaching inthe USA and over 60 countries.
xxx About the Editors
Contributors
Ahlam Abdou Department of Dermatology, Ibn Sina Hospital, RabatUniversity Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Denise M. Adams Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincin-nati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Department of Pediatrics, College ofMedicine, Cincinnati Children’s HospitalMedical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Yasser Afifi Private Clinic, Rabat, Moroccoe-mail: [email protected]
Pierre Agache Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ofBesançon, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
Marina Agozzino San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Tamara Al-Bader Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
Peter Altmeyer Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr Univer-sity Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Hajar Amarouch Department of Dermatology, Ibn Sina Hospital, RabatUniversity Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Marco Ardigò San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Lars Arendt-Nielsen Department of Health Science and Technology,Faculty of Medicine, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), AalborgUniversity, Aalborg, Denmark
Pierre Agache: deceased.xxxi
Javier Arnáiz Lastras Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport(INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Sophia Arndt Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology,Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Philippe Assouly Centre Sabouraud, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Sébastien Aubry University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
Department of Radiology, I4S Laboratory, INSERM EA4268, University ofFranche-Comte, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Luis Bagatolli Membrane Biophysics and Biophotonics group/MEMPHYSCenter for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Biochemistry and MolecularBiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
Nawel Baghdadli L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois,France
P. Bahadoran Department of Dermatology, Nice CHU Hôpital Pasteur, NiceCedex 3, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Chiara Baldini Dipartimento di malattie muscolo-scheletriche e cutanee,U.O. Reumatologia, Pisa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Mathurin Baquié Scientis Pharma SA, Geneva, Switzerland
Robert Baran Nail Disease Center, Cannes, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Gladimir V. G. Baranoski Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, Univer-sity of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canadae-mail: [email protected]
André O. Barel Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, VrijeUniversiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Fernanda Naspolini Bastos Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas,Brazil
Jean-Claude Beani Clinique Universitaire de Dermato-Vénéréologie,Photobiologie et Allergologie, Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de Médecine, CHU deGrenoble, Grenoble, Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Philippe Benech Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, UMR 7259 (NICN)CNRS – Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, Francee-mail: [email protected]
xxxii Contributors
Bruno A. Bernard L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Clichy, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Jean-claude Bernengo Non Invasive Technologies, Paris, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Jacques Bittel Cepa, CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex, France
Stefano Bombardieri Dipartimento di malattie muscolo-scheletriche ecutanee, U.O. Reumatologia, Pisa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
S. Boutefnouchet Unité de Préparation et de Contrôles des Médicaments,Service Pharmaceutique – Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot-HospicesCivils de Lyon, Lyon cedex 03, France
Emilie Brenaut Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest,Brest, France
Mª Julia Bujan Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universidad deAlcalá de Henares, Campus Universitario, Ctra. Barcelona, Madrid, Spain
Shona A. Burkes Skin Sciences Program, Division of Plastic Surgery,Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
James L. Winkle, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati,OH, USA
FranciscoM. Camacho School ofMedicine, Medical-Surgical DermatologyDepartment, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, University of Seville,Seville, Spaine-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Victor Candas Ex Research Director at CNRS, Strasbourg Cedex 2, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Massimiliano Cazzato Dipartimento di malattie muscolo-scheletriche ecutanee, U.O. Reumatologia, Pisa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Tenn F. Chen Natural Phenomena Simulation Group, University of Water-loo, Waterloo, ON, Canadae-mail: [email protected]
Audris Chiang UC Irvine School of Medicine, Berkeley, CA, USA
Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA,USAe-mail: [email protected]
Peter Clarys Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, VrijeUniversiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xxxiii
Carol Courderot-Masuyer Bioexigence, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Razvigor Darlenski Department of Dermatology and Venereology, TokudaHospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgariae-mail: [email protected]
Maxim E. Darvin Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
J. P. Delage U688 Physiopathologie mitochondriale, Université VictorSegalen-Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Cedex, France
Alessandra Della Rossa Dipartimento di malattie muscolo-scheletriche ecutanee, U.O. Reumatologia, Pisa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Heinrich Dickel Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ruhr Univer-sity Bochum, Bochum, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Valentina Dini Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Stéphane Diridollou L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Chevilly, Larue,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Van Neste Dominique Skinterface Tournai and Brussels’ Hair Clinic, Tour-nai, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Yahya Dowlati Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases andLeprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]
Peter D. Drummond School of Psychology and Exercise Science, MurdochUniversity, Perth, WA, Australiae-mail: [email protected]
L. Duteil CPCAD (Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique Appliquée à laDermatologie), Hôpital L’ARCHET 2, Nice Cedex 3, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Vanessa Ecarnot CERT, Department of Dermatology, CHRU Besançon,Besançon, France
Claudia El Gammal Dermatology,Medical Care Center, Diakonie KlinikumJung-Stilling, Siegen, Germany
Stephan El Gammal Dermatological Clinic, Diakonie Klinikum Bethesda,Freudenberg, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
xxxiv Contributors
Ahmed Elkhyat Center for Research and Studies on the Integument (CERT),Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center (CIC BT506),Besançon University Hospital, INSERM UMR1098, FED4234 IBCT,University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Ramona Enea L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois, France
Françoise Falson ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lyon, Lyon,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Ferial Fanian Center for Study and Research on the Integuments,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon,Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];[email protected]
Ismael Fernández-Cuevas Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity andSport (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spaine-mail: [email protected]
Hugo Ferreira Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics and BiomedicalEngineering, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Davide Filingeri Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, Loughbor-ough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Alireza Firooz Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases andLeprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]
Joachim W. Fluhr Department of Dermatology, Charité – Universi-tätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Annette Friedrich Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Bernard Gabard Lörrach, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Thilo Gambichler Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RuhrUniversity Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Parisa Gazerani Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty ofMedicine, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University,Aalborg, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xxxv
Edgar Gentilhomme French Army Health Research Department, La tronche,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Nicola Gerrett Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, University ofWorcester, Worcester, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Marion Ghibaudo L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois,France
E. Gilbert EA 4169 “Aspects Fondamentaux, Cliniques et Thérapeutiques dela Fonction Barrière Cutanée”, Laboratoire de Pharmacie GaléniqueIndustrielle – Faculté de Pharmacie., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,Lyon cedex 08, France
Johanna M. Gillbro Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Swedene-mail: [email protected]
Pedro Gómez Carmona Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport(INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Salvador Gonzalez Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering CancerCenter, New York, NY, USA
Medicine Department, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
G. S. Goriparthi Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy,London, UK
Alexandros Goulioumis Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care andPain Therapy, The Knappschaftskrankenhaus Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
Marcella Guarrera Department of Health Sciences-Section of Dermatology,University of Genoa, Genoa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Alexandre Guichard Center for Research and Studies on the Integument(CERT), Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center (CICINSERM 1431), Besançon University Hospital; INSERM UMR1098,FED4234 IBCT, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
J. C. Guimberteau Institut Aquitain de la Main, Bordeaux-Pessac, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Stefan F. Haag Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology,Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Farhaan Hafeez Department of Dermatology, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
xxxvi Contributors
Marek Haftek Laboratoire de Recherche Dermatologique, EA 4169, Facultéde Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Eva Hagforsen Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
Steffi Hansen Department Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharma-ceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research,Saarbruecken, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Farina Hashmi School of Health Sciences Research, University of Salford,Manchester, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Hournaz Hassanzadeh Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseasesand Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]
Kathryn L. Hatch Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USAe-mail: [email protected]
George Havenith Environmental Ergonomic Research Centre, Loughbor-ough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Trinh Hermanns-Lê Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging(LABIC), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
Service de Dermatopathologie, CHU du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
Department of Dermatopathology, Unilab Lg, University Hospital of Liège,Liège, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Camile L. Hexsel Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre,Brazil
Doris Hexsel Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Department ofDermatology, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul(PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazile-mail: [email protected]
Simon Hodder Environmental Ergonomics Research Centre, LoughboroughDesign School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Golara Honari Department of Dermatology, Stanford School of Medicine,Redwood City, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xxxvii
Magdalena Hoppel Department of Pharmaceutical Technology andBiopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna,Austriae-mail: [email protected]
Philippe Humbert Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ofBesançon, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Alia Arif Hussain Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Univer-sity of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Soeren Jaspers Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg,Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Gregor B. E. Jemec Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital,University of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Adeline Jeudy Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT);Clinical Investigation Center (CIC BT506), Department of Dermatology,Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Jessica W. Y. Jor Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auck-land, Auckland, New Zealande-mail: [email protected]
Jakob Mutanu Jungersted Department of Dermatology, University ofCopenhagen, Copenhagen, NV, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Raphaela Kästle Department of Dermatology and Allergology, GeneralHospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
Karsten König Department of Biophotonics and Laser Technology, SaarlandUniversity, Saarbruecken, Germany
JenLab GmbH, Jena, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Jeanette Kamphowe Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RuhrUniversity Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Behrooz Kasraee Scientis Pharma SA, Geneva, Switzerlande-mail: [email protected]
Rachid Kechidi University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Katsuko Kikuchi Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Sendai, Japane-mail: [email protected]
xxxviii Contributors
Victoria Klang Department of Pharmaceutical Technology andBiopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna,Austriae-mail: [email protected]
Fanny Knorr Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology,Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Laurence Kocher Service d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Neurologiques,Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Nikiforos Kollias Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal ProductsWorldwide, Skillman, NJ, USA
Charles B. Kromann Department of Dermatology, Roskilde, ZealandUniversity Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Oliver Kuss Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German DiabetesCenter, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
Jürgen Lademann Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Cheng-Che Eric Lan Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung MedicalUniversity, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Helene M. Langevin Department of Neurological Sciences, University ofVermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Anna-Christina Lauer Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Youssef Lboutounne CIC-BT CHU, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Won-Soo Lee Department of Dermatology, Institute of Hair and CosmeticMedicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Koreae-mail: [email protected]
Christina Lee Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products World-wide, Skillman, NJ, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Jackson Leong Dermatology Department, University of California, SanFrancisco, San Francisco, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xxxix
Dominique Leroy Dermatologist, Department of Dermatology, UniversityHospital centre, Caen, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Li Li Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu, China
Yuanhong Li Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China MedicalUniversity, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Chinae-mail: [email protected]
Thomas Lihoreau Center for Research and Studies on the Integument(CERT), Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center (CICINSERM 1431), Besançon University Hospital; INSERM UMR1098,FED4234 IBCT, University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Shari R. Lipner Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical Col-lege, New York, NY, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Caterina Longo Dermatology and Skin cancer Unit, Arcispedale SantaMaria Nuova-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italye-mail: [email protected]
Gustavo S. Luengo L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Sophie Mac-Mary Skinexigence SAS, Bioparc, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Howard I. Maibach Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Uni-versity of California, San Francisco, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]
M. Malathi Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Grad-uate Medical Education and Research, Gorimedu, Puducherry, Indiae-mail: [email protected]
George Man Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, VeteransAffairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California San Francisco,School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Mao-Qiang Man Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Service, Vet-erans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, University of California SanFrancisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Joao Carlos Marins Human Performance Laboratory – LAPEH,Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Brazil), Minas Gerais Código, Viçosa, Brazil
Slaheddine Marrakchi Department of Dermatology, Hedi CHAKER Hos-pital, Sfax, Tunisiae-mail: [email protected]
xl Contributors
Alain Mavon Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
Sylvie Meaume Department of Geriatrics, Wound Care Unit, RothschildHospital, Paris, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Annette Mehling BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Düsseldorf,Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Martina C. Meinke Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Eve Merinville Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
Shahram F. Mevaloo Health Studies Group, Center for Strategic Research,I.R.I Ministry of Sport and Youth, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]
G. Milcovich Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy,London, UK
Laurent Misery Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Brest,Brest, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Hiroyasu Mizuno L’OREAL, KSP Research and Innovation center, Kawa-saki, Japan
Mette Mogensen Department of Dermatology and Venereology, BispebjergHospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Garrett Moran Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
MartaMosca Dipartimento di malattie muscolo-scheletriche e cutanee, U.O.Reumatologia, Pisa, Italye-mail: [email protected]
D. Moyal La Roche-Posay Laboratoire Dermatologique, Asnieres Sur Seine,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xli
S. Murdan Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy,London, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Patrice Muret Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098,University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Shohreh Nafisi Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, IAU,Tehran, Iran
Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA,USAe-mail: [email protected]
Martyn P. Nash Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland,Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland,New Zealand
Yves Neveux Livernon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Poul M. F. Nielsen Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auck-land, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland,New Zealand
Jesper B. Nielsen Department of Public Health, University of SouthernDenmark, Odense, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Thomas A. Nielsen Department of Health Science and Technology, Facultyof Medicine, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University,Aalborg, Denmark
Mia Nilsson Oriflame Skin Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Oriflame R&D Ltd, Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland
Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatology and Venereology, UppsalaUniversity, Uppsala, Sweden
Lars Norlén Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), KarolinskaInstitutet, and Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stock-holm, Swedene-mail: [email protected]
Yacine Ouzzahra Institute for Health and Behaviour, University of Luxem-bourg, Walferdange, Luxembourge-mail: [email protected]
Lídia Palma CBIOS – Research Center for Health Science and Technolo-gies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
xlii Contributors
Salvatore Panduri Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa,Italy
Matthew D. Parker Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auck-land, Auckland, New Zealand
David D. Pascoe School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Aubur, Al, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Paola Pasquali Dermatology Department, Pius Hospital de Valls, Valls,Spaine-mail: [email protected]
J. Pauchot Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology, Plastic Aesthetic, Recon-structive Surgery, and Hand Surgery Department, EA 4268, IFR 133 INSERMI4S, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Giovanni Pellacani Dermatology Unit, University of Modena and ReggioEmilia, Modena, Italy
Gérald E. Piérard Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging(LABIC), Liège University, Liège, Belgium
Service de Dermatopathologie, CHU du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Claudine Piérard-Franchimont Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering andImaging (LABIC), Department of Clinical Sciences, Liège University,Liège, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Fabrice Pirot EA 4169 “Aspects Fondamentaux, Cliniques etThérapeutiques de la Fonction Barrière Cutanée”, Laboratoire de PharmacieGalénique Industrielle – Faculté de Pharmacie., Université Claude BernardLyon 1, Lyon cedex 08, France
Unité de Préparation et de Contrôles des Médicaments, ServicePharmaceutique – Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot-Hospices Civilsde Lyon, Lyon cedex 03, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Johan L. Du Plessis Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative,North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africae-mail: [email protected]
Anne Potter L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois, France
Pascale Quatresooz Laboratory of Skin Bioengineering and Imaging,Department of Dermatopathology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège,Belgium
Department Histology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgiume-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xliii
Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseasesand Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Irane-mail: [email protected]
Adriana Rakowska Department of Dermatology, Medical University ofWarsaw, Warsaw, Polande-mail: [email protected]
Loïc Rambaud French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Saint Mau-rice, Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Alfredo Rebora Department of Health Sciences-Section of Dermatology,University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Pascal Reygagne Centre de Santé Sabouraud, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Corinne Reymermier BASF Beauty Care Solutions France S.A.S, Lyon,Francee-mail: [email protected]
Jean de Rigal L’Oréal Recherche, Chevilly Larue, Francee-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Francis J. Ring Medical Imaging Research Unit, University of South Wales,Pontypridd, UKe-mail: [email protected]
MªAngélica Roberto Plastic Surgery Service, Rua José António Serrano,Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Luís Monteiro Rodrigues CBIOS – Research Center for Health Science andTechnologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa – School ofPharmacy, Lisbon, Portugale-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Marco Romanelli Department of Dermatology, University of Pisa, Pisa,Italye-mail: [email protected]
Catarina Rosado Universidade Lusófona (CBIOS – Research Center forHealth Science and Technologies), Lisbon, Portugal
K. Roussel CPCAD (Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique Appliquée à laDermatologie), Hôpital L’ARCHET 2, Nice Cedex 3, France
L. Roussel EA 4169 “Aspects Fondamentaux, Cliniques et Thérapeutiquesde la Fonction Barrière Cutanée”, Laboratoire de Pharmacie GaléniqueIndustrielle – Faculté de Pharmacie., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,Lyon cedex 08, France
xliv Contributors
Patricia Rousselle Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, Insti-tute of Protein Biology and Chemistry, UMR 5305 – CNRS, University ofLyon, Lyon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Lidia Rudnicka Department of Dermatology, Medical University ofWarsaw, Warsaw, Polande-mail: [email protected]
MarkW. Rutland KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Swedene-mail: [email protected]
Eduardo Ruvolo Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal ProductsWorldwide, Skillman, NJ, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Jean-Marie Sainthillier Skinexigence, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
D. Salmon EA 4169 “Aspects Fondamentaux, Cliniques et Thérapeutiquesde la Fonction Barrière Cutanée”, Laboratoire de Pharmacie GaléniqueIndustrielle – Faculté de Pharmacie., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1,Lyon cedex 08, France
Unité de Préparation et de Contrôles des Médicaments, ServicePharmaceutique – Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot-Hospices Civilsde Lyon, Lyon cedex 03, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Osvaldo Santos Faculty of Medicine, Public Health Preventive MedicineInstitute and Environmental Health Institute, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon,Portugal
Elke Sattler Department of Dermatology, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunich, Munich, Germany
E. Sawaya Institut Aquitain de la Main, Bordeaux-Pessac, France
Julia J. Scarisbrick Department of Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth MedicalCentre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, QueenElizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UKe-mail: [email protected]
Monika Schäfer-Korting Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicol-ogy, FreieUniversität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Sabine Schanzer Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Richard K. Scher Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell MedicalCollege, New York, NY, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Contributors xlv
Christian Schulze Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg,Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Hamm-Ming Sheu Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung Uni-versity College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwane-mail: [email protected]
Manuel Sillero Quintana Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity andSport (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Henrique Silva CBIOS – Research Center for Biosciences and Health Tech-nologies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa – School ofPharmacy, Lisbon, Portugal
Iqbaljit Singh Department of Dermatology, UCSF, Fremont, CA, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Mariana Soirefmann Dermatology Department, Pontificia UniversidadeCatolica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
Zhenhhua Song L’Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay-Sous- Bois,France
Aleksandr B. Stefaniak Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown,WV, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Tomasz J. Stefaniak Department of General, Endocrine and TransplantSurgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Polande-mail: [email protected]
Markus F. C. Steiner GO Health Services, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UKe-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Andrew J. Taberner Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University ofAuckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland,New Zealand
Hachiro Tagami Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University GraduateSchool of Medicine, Sendai, Japane-mail: [email protected]
Liliana Tavares CBIOS – Research Center for Health Science and Technol-ogies, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
Devinder Mohan Thappa Department of Dermatology and STD, TheJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research,Pondicherry, Puducherry, Indiae-mail: [email protected]
xlvi Contributors
Lotte Themstrup Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Univer-sity of Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmarke-mail: [email protected]
Pierre Treffel Pharmaceutical laboratory, Codexial Dermatologie,Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Jui-Chen Tsai Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
Claudia Valenta Department of Pharmaceutical Technology andBiopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna,Austriae-mail: [email protected]
Daniel Varchon Laboratoire deMécanique Appliquée R. Chaléat, Universityof Franche-Comté, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Céline Viennet Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098,University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Martine Vigan Department of Dermatology, University Hospital ofBesancon, Besançon, Francee-mail: [email protected]
Marty O. Visscher Skin Sciences Program, Division of Plastic Surgery,Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati,Cincinnati, OH, USAe-mail: [email protected]
Michael Vogt Institute for High Frequency Techniques of the Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
Xuemin Wang Shanghai, China
Hans-Jürgen Weigmann Department of Dermatology, Venereology andAllergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Julia Welzel Department of Dermatology and Allergology, General HospitalAugsburg, Augsburg, Germanye-mail: [email protected]
Xuemin Wang: deceased.
Contributors xlvii
AlexanderWitkowski Dermatology Unit, University of Modena and ReggioEmilia, Modena, Italy
Ximena Wortsman Department of Radiology and Department of Dermatol-ogy, Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and SoftTissues, Clinica Servet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago,Chilee-mail: [email protected]
Perry Xiao School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London,UKe-mail: [email protected]
Sang Woong Youn Department of Dermatology, Seoul National UniversityBundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Koreae-mail: [email protected]
Chao Yuan Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai SkinDisease Hospital, Shanghai, Chinae-mail: [email protected]
Hamed Zartab Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases andLeprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Tissue Engineering andWound Healing Lab, Department of Surgery, Divisionof Plastic Surgery, Brigham andWomen’s Hospital –HarvardMedical School,Boston, USAe-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
xlviii Contributors