After the crisis
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Transcript of After the crisis
After the crisis: Cultural tourism and urban regeneration in EuropeJames KennellUniversity of Greenwich, UK
1997 – The Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain
2011, Turner Contemporary, Margate, UK
3 decades of high-profile cultural regeneration in Europe
Cultural tourism has provided consumers for cultural regeneration projects
Cultural tourism has provided consumers for cultural regeneration projects✗
✗ ?✗✔
€250m public funding
Contributions from RDA, local government, EU
2002 – 2007 30% year-on-year tourism growth
75% of €700m project came from the private sector
European Capital of Culture 2004
La PiscinePalias de Beaux ArtsNew cultural hubs in former textiles manufacturing buildings
Knowledge industry growth
15% of all new jobs high-tech
60 research laboratories
Undervaerket
Creative space
Jewelers, metalworkers, artists, textiles, printers
Ethnic and migrant businesses
Job creation
Training
Education
Integration
European tourist arrivals dropped by 9% in 2009 and 10% in 2010
2010-11 +4%
2012-12 +3%
Limited recoveryLow cost destinationsEvents InboundDepressed internal (EU) & domestic markets
Cultural production continues to drive post-crisis cultural regeneration✗
✗ ?✗✔
People’s Republic of Stoke’s Croft
Activists, artists, residents, visitors, individuals
No public funding
No corporate investment
Local ownership
SuccessesFestivalsRenovationSocial Enterprise
Challenges for policy makers
Bottom up is unpredictable
Partnership working is complicated
Informal structures
Anti-state?
Anti-corporate?
Anti-tourism?
“Each Story of regeneration begins with poetry and ends with real estate”
(Kunzmann 2004)