AFRICAN INDEPENDENCEAFRICAN INDEPENDENCE

Kwame NkrumahKwame NkrumahFirst sub-Saharan First sub-Saharan African country to African country to be granted be granted independence – independence – 19571957

Why here?Why here?

Jomo KenyattaJomo KenyattaMau-Mau RebellionMau-Mau Rebellion

British British concentration concentration campscamps

Kenya granted Kenya granted independence independence 19641964

CongoCongoPatrice Lumumba – Patrice Lumumba – killed – CIA?killed – CIA?

Joseph Mobutu - Joseph Mobutu - dictatordictator

IDI AMINIDI AMINUganda dictatorUganda dictator

Known for brutality Known for brutality – may have been – may have been responsible for responsible for deaths of 300,000 deaths of 300,000 peoplepeople

Different Models of Economic Different Models of Economic DevelopmentDevelopment

Socialist/Socialist/CommunistCommunist

Julius Nyrere - Julius Nyrere - TanzaniaTanzania

Models, cont’d.Models, cont’d.Felix Houphuet-Felix Houphuet-Boigny – Ivory Boigny – Ivory CoastCoast

Capitalism-based Capitalism-based on exportson exports

WoWo

Worked well while world Worked well while world cocoa prices were high.cocoa prices were high.

Built world’s largest Built world’s largest Catholic Church in his Catholic Church in his home village. home village.

Barriers to DevelopmentBarriers to DevelopmentColonialism’s legacyColonialism’s legacy

Dictatorship/corruption – “kleptocracies”Dictatorship/corruption – “kleptocracies”

Civil War/ethnic violenceCivil War/ethnic violence

Cold War proxy warsCold War proxy wars

Poverty/underdevelopmentPoverty/underdevelopment

Lack of educationLack of education

Decline of traditions/urbanization and Decline of traditions/urbanization and migrationmigration

““Off the beaten track”Off the beaten track”

South Africa – the exception?South Africa – the exception?