African-Americans in US Schools

Condition of African-Americans before the Civil War

In the South- slavery- dangerous to educate

In the North- education still primarily relegated to whites

Sarah Roberts case- Boston

Condition of African-Americans after the Civil War Freedman’s Bureau schools 114,000 enrolled by 1869 Staffed by northern schoolteachers After Reconstruction- ???

Colleges and Universities

Washington vs. Dubois

Separate But Equal Plessy vs. Ferguson case (1896) Upheld “separate but equal” doctrine-

applied to schools until 1954

Brown vs. Board of Education Came from several related cases

(including Briggs vs. Elliot in SC) Overturned “separate but equal” Integrate with all deliberate speed

Aftermath of Brown

Little Rock- Central High School

1970s- Boston 1974- attempts to integrate

Today