Africa Review
Transcript of Africa Review
Label on Africa MapMed. Sea Ethiopian HighlandsRed Sea MadagascarAtlantic Ocean Sahara Desert – outline, lightly shade
Indian Ocean Sahel – “Coastline”Nile River EquatorNiger R. Arabian PeninsulaZambezi R. EuropeLimpopo R. AsiaCongo R.
- Kingdom of Aksum
- Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay
- Zimbabwe
Africa 500 B.C. – 1500A.D.Spread of Islam
Traditional Religion
Importance of Family
Sub-Saharan Africa
Trade
Extended Family = Grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousinsClan = All sharing common ancestors
Many believed in one creator, along withAnimism = spirits in animals, plants & natural forces
Trans-Saharan trade allowed for spread of Islam to sub-Saharan Africa.
Trans-Saharan trade routes connected Med. Sea & sub-Saharan Africa.
Region of Africa below/south of Sahara Desert
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Sahara Desert• World’s largest desert• 3.5 million square miles• Next largest = Arabian – 900,000 sq. mi.• Avg. temp = 86 degrees• Hottest months = more the 120’s• Highest recorded = 136 degrees
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Kingdom of Aksum – A.D. 300-700
LocationNear Ethiopian highlands, Nile river& Red Sea- Terrace agriculture
TradeMajor trade kingdom between Rome & India
King EzanaKing of Aksum – Expanded territory, & adopted Christianity
DeclineAksum displaced and declines following Muslim invasion
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Aksum
Bantu Migrations – 500 B.C.-A.D. 1500
Bantu = language family
1st Bantu-speaking lived in West Africa
They migrated to South & East Africa
Reasons for migrations•Desertification – drying of land•Slash & burn farming depleted soil.•overpopulation
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_206_bantu.html
Bantus
Major African Language Families
West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Kingdoms located at edge of Sahara Desert in West Africa
Kingdoms grew rich from two major trade items = Gold and Salt!
City of Timbuktu was center of learning in West Africa. Site of a large university
Islam eventually becomes religion of west African kingdoms.
Sahara Desert
Salt Mines
Gold Mines
GMS
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Mansa Musa• Great Mali King• Famous pilgrimage to Mecca
Mansa Musa's famous hajj (pilgrimage) placed him in history and in the attention of the entire European and Islamic world. About the time that the Aztecs began building Tenochtitlan, the and the Ottoman Turks began the creation of their empire, Mansa Musa began his obligatory hajj to Mecca in 1324 with an impressive company. In his caravan he brought sixty-thousand people dressed in fine silk and eighty camels carrying two tons of gold. Among this throng Mansa Musa had twelve-thousand servants, five hundred of which carried staffs of gold. If this entourage had not caught the attention of the countries he crossed through, his generous giving would. Wherever he went he gave gold to the needy as given is required by a pillar of Islam. In Cairo he gave so much gold that in Egypt its value did not recover for twelve years.
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Remains of great university at Timbuktu
Salt comes from the north, gold from the south, and silver from the country of the white men, but the word of God and the treasures of wisdom are only to be found in Timbuktu.An old West African proverb
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Kingdom Zimbabwe and city of Great Zimbabwe – A.D. 1000’s –1400’s
Located in southeast Africa along Indian Ocean coast.Between Zambezi & Limpopo Rivers
Location linked inland gold fields & Coastal trade cities
Capital city = Great Zimbabwe – center of wealth and prosperity in Southeast Africa
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Zimbabwe