Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
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Transcript of Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
1/52
Z~qdoh~mdogoh ~md mtlkog~w kon nghog~w cb udcuid go jqgzgz ~mqcthm ocxidnhd kon uqkj~gjd
OCRDLADQ 15;1
KBHMKOGZ^KO6
Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz
Uqgzjk Adodiig) Ko~cogc Ncogog) kon Ocqkm Ogikon
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
2/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq1
15;1 Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq/ Kii Qghm~z Qdzdqrdn/
Bkgq tzd cb ~mgz jcuwqghm~dn lk~dqgki gojitndz g~z tzd bcq oco,jclldqjgki dntjk~gcoki
utquczdz) ztjm kz ~dkjmgoh) zjmcikqzmgu) qdzdkqjm) jqg~gjgzl) jclldo~kqw) kon odxz
qducq~goh/ Toidzz c~mdqxgzd oc~dn) ~mczd xmc xgzm ~c qduqcntjd ~d}~ kon glkhd idz
bqcl ~mgz utaigjk~gco bcq ztjm tzdz lkw nc zc xg~mct~ ~md Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki
Jdo~dqz d}uqdzz udqlgzzgco/ Mcxdrdq) kii jclldqjgki tzd cb ~mgz lk~dqgki kon#cq
qduqcntj~gco ~mk~ ki~dqz g~z ldkogoh cq go~do~) xg~mct~ ~md d}uqdzz udqlgzzgco cb ~md
Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq) gz uqcmgag~dn/
Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq
^tb~z Togrdqzg~w
;;> Jtq~gz Z~qdd~
Zcldqrgiid) LK 51;>>
TZK
~di6 +; 2;8/218/:>1:
bk}6 +; 2;8/218/:>1=
j/~tb~z/dnt
Jcrdq umc~c aw Fkldz Icohidw/ Tzdn xg~m udqlgzzgco/
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
3/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz :
;/ Go~qcntj~gco / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / >
1/ K zg~tk~gco cb mtlkog~kqgko jcojdqo6 Gongjk~cqz cb rtiodqkagig~w / / / / / / / / / / / / / 4
Mdki~m / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 2
Bccn zdjtqg~w / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 7
Dntjk~gco / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ;5
Ucutik~gco lcrdldo~z / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ;1
Glukj~ cb ok~tqki ngzkz~dqz co rtiodqkagig~w / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ;8
:/ ^md uqc~dj~gco jmkiidohd / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ;=
>/ ^md z~k~d cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko do~dquqgzd / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 14
Kgn khdojgdz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 14
Kjjdzz kon z~kbb zdjtqg~w / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / 1=
Ncocqz#btongoh zg~tk~gco / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / :5
4/ ^md qcj`w qckn kmdkn / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / :1
2/ Jcojitzgcoz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / :2
Kjqcowlz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / :=
Agaigchqkumw / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / :7
Kood}dz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / >:
Kood} G6 Zjdokqgcz bcq 15;> kon adwcon / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / >:
Kact~ ~md kt~mcqz / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / >2
Jco~do~z
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
4/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq>
;/ GO^QCNTJ^GCO
Kz ~md kqldn jcofigj~ go Kbhmkogz~ko qkhdz co) igbd
bcq cqngokqw Kbhmkoz mkz ~k`do k ~tqo bcq ~md xcqzd/Qd~c Z~cj`dq)
GJQJ Mdkn cb Ndidhk~gco) Cj~cadq =) 15;1;
^md Kbhmko jqgzgz) ocx xdii go~c g~z bctq~m nd,jknd) mkz lkow ikwdqz/ ^md lgig~kqw kon ucig~,gjki ngldozgcoz cb xmk~ kuudkqz ~c ad k nddudogohkon odrdq,dongoh jqgzgz hqka ~md mdknigodz/ At~
~md z~qtj~tqki rgcidojd kon uccq hcrdqokojd ~mk~tondqugoz g~hqgongoh ucrdq~w) qkluko~ katzd
cb ucxdq) jqglgokigvdn djcoclw) ukqictz jcong,~gco cb xcldo kon hgqiz) uccq kjjdzz ~c mdki~m konc~mdq zdqrgjdzqdjdgrdz ltjm idzz k~~do~gco/ ^mgz
qducq~ gz jcojdqodn xg~m ~md lcqd aqt~gzm kzudj~zcb ~md mtlko jcong~gco go Kbhmkogz~ko ~cnkw/ G~
bcjtzdz co ~md igrdz kon rtiodqkagig~gdz cb ~mczd kb,bdj~dn aw ngzkz~dqz) xmd~mdq lko,lknd cq oc~) konco ~md k~~dlu~z aw icjki kon go~dqok~gcoki khdo,
jgdz ~c lg~ghk~d ~mdzd rtiodqkagig~gdz xg~mgo ~mdbqkthm~ kon rcik~gid Kbhmko jco~d}~/
Utquczd cb ~md qducq~/ mgz qducq~ uqdzdo~z ko koki,
wzgz cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco co ~md hqctonkon cb ~md jmkiidohdz kon jcoz~qkgo~z bkjdn aw ~md
mtlkog~kqgko jclltog~w go k bkz~,lcrgoh dorg,qcoldo~/ G~z jcojitzgcoz ucgo~ ~c tqhdo~ jmkohdzqd{tgqdn ~c gluqcrd ~md qdzucozd ~c k zdrdqd kon
nddudogoh mtlkog~kqgko jqgzgz kon ~c uqc~dj~mtlkog~kqgko khdojgdz) ~c ~md d}~do~ uczzgaid) bqcl
crdq~ lkogutik~gco/ G~ bciicxz tu co uqdrgctzxcq` aw ~md Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq -BGJ'
co Kbhmkogz~ko ~mk~ mghmighm~dn ~md udqjdu~gcoz cbjclltog~gdz co ~md xcq` cb kgn khdojgdz) ~md k~,~dlu~z ~c lkogutik~d mtlkog~kqgko kj~cqz go ztu,
ucq~ cb ucig~gjki khdonkz) kon ~md ~dozgcoz ad~xddo~md rkqgctz zdhldo~z cb ~md kgn do~dquqgzd/1
Xmw ocx3 Go ~md jco~d}~ cb ~md zc,jkiidn ~qkozg,~gco~mk~ gz) ~md zghogjko~ qdntj~gco cb bcqdgho~qccuz kon uqcakaid ndjqdkzd go kgn kon go~dqok,~gcoki dohkhdldo~ go Kbhmkogz~kog~ gz glucq~ko~
~c ~k`d z~cj` cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco/ G~ gzkizc glucq~ko~ ~c qdrgdx mcx mtlkog~kqgko khdo,
jgdz kqd uqdukqgoh bcq k bt~tqd ~mk~ gz acton ~c adcb hqdk~ tojdq~kgo~w kon ~mk~ lghm~ xdii qdzti~ goko dzjkik~gco cb jcofigj~) ikxidzzodzz) ngzuikjdldo~)
kon mtlkog~kqgko oddn/ Lcqdcrdq) kz wd~ koc~mdqumkzd cb ~md Kbhmko jqgzgz jcldz ~c k jiczd) xg~m ~md
ndukq~tqd cb lcz~ bcqdgho ~qccuz idkrgoh admgon kikonzjkud cb qgzgoh rgcidojd kon ucig~gjki goz~kagig~w)~mgz gz ko cuucq~tod ~gld ~c qdfidj~ co ~md xgndq
ldkogoh cb ~md Kbhmkogz~ko jqgzgz bqcl k mtlkog~kq,gko udqzudj~grd) xmk~ g~ ~diiz tz kact~ ~md z~k~d cb ~mdmtlkog~kqgko do~dquqgzd kon ~md drcirgoh ndak~dz
co ~md qdik~gcozmgu ad~xddo mtlkog~kqgko kj~gcokon go~dqok~gcoki ucig~gjki#lgig~kqw dondkrcqz/
Z~qtj~tqd cb ~md qducq~/ Zdj~gco 1 ndzjqgadz ~mdjtqqdo~ mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco/ Co ~md akzgz cb ~md
adz~ krkgikaid nk~k) g~ mghmighm~z k otladq cb gong,jk~cqz ~mk~ giitz~qk~d ~md rtiodqkagig~w cb k hqcxgohuqcucq~gco cb Kbhmkoz/ mgz gz bciicxdn aw k ngzjtz,
zgco cb ~md uqc~dj~gco ngldozgco cb mtlkog~kqgkokj~gco kon ~md xkw qdik~dn jmkiidohdz mkrd addo
knnqdzzdn -cq oc~' aw ~md kgn jclltog~w -zdj,~gco :'/ K jclldo~kqw co ~md jtqqdo~ z~k~d cb ~mdmtlkog~kqgko do~dquqgzd go Kbhmkogz~ko gz uqcrgndn
go zdj~gco > kon gz bciicxdn aw k ngzjtzzgco cb ucz,zgaid zjdokqgcz kon jco~gohdojw uikoogoh bcq ~md
bt~tqd -zdj~gco 4'/ Jcojitzgcoz kon btq~mdq gluig,jk~gcoz kqd uqdzdo~dn go zdj~gco 2/
Ld~mcnz/ ^md qducq~ gz akzdn co go~dqrgdxz mdin) aw
~xc ldladqz cb ~md ~dkl go @kati go Ftod 15;1)xg~m k xgnd qkohd cb go~dqicjt~cqz) ac~m Kbhmko kon
go~dqok~gcoki) go hcrdqoldo~) TO) OHCz) ncocqkhdojgdz) gondudondo~ ~mgo` ~ko`z) kon xg~m Kbhmkogo~diidj~tkiz kon qdzdkqjmdqz/ Crdq =5 go~dqrgdxz
xdqd jcontj~dn/ md dw gobcqlko~z go~dqrgdxdnkqd oc~ gndo~gdn aw okld0 toidzz c~mdqxgzd zudjg,
dn) kii ~md udqzcoki jclltogjk~gcoz {tc~dn go ~md~d}~ xdqd mdin go @kati go Ftod 15;1/ md qducq~gz jcluidldo~dn aw k ~mcqcthm kokiwzgz cb qdjdo~
utaigzmdn kon hqdw ig~dqk~tqd co ~md mtlkog~kqgkozg~tk~gco go Kbhmkogz~ko/ Zcld ;75 qducq~z xdqd
gndo~gdn kon d}klgodn kon :5 nk~kzd~z jcozti~dn/
Kj`ocxidnhdldo~z/^mgz qducq~ xkz lknd uczzgaid
aw k hdodqctz hqko~ bqcl ~md Zxdngzm Go~dqok~gcokiNdrdiculdo~ Khdojw -ZGNK'/ md kt~mcqz kqd go,nda~dn ~c ~md lkow jciidkhtdz kon bqgdonz go @kati
kon dizdxmdqd xmc hkrd cb ~mdgq ~gld) gozghm~z)ichgz~gjki ztuucq~) kon jklkqkndqgd/ Zudjgki ~mko`z
kqd ntd ~c ~md Udkjd qkgogoh kon Qdzdkqjm Cqhkog,vk~gco -U^QC') ~md Kbhmko Goz~g~t~d bcq Kbhmkogz~koZ~tngdz) kon ~md TO Lgod Kj~gco Zdqrgjd -TO,
LKZ' bcq ~mdgq cudqk~gcoki ztuucq~/ ^md jciikacqk,~gco xg~m ~md Jdo~qd co Jcofigj~) Ndrdiculdo~
kon Udkjd,atgingoh k~ ~md Hqkntk~d Goz~g~t~d cbGo~dqok~gcoki kon Ndrdiculdo~ Z~tngdz go Hdodrk
gz hqk~dbtiiw kj`ocxidnhdn bcq kiicxgoh ~md gojit,zgco go ~mgz qducq~ cb knng~gcoki lk~dqgki) ukq~gjtikqiwco uqc~dj~gco gzztdz/ Zudjgki ~mko`z kizc ~c Fkldz
Icohidw bcq udqlgzzgco ~c tzd mgz umc~cz/
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
5/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz 4
1/ K ZG^TK^GCO CB MTLKOG^KQGKO JCOJDQO6
GONGJK^CQZ CB RTIODQKAGIG^W
Xd jkooc~ hd~ btongoh co ~md akzgz cb kzztlu~gcoz/
Ncocqz zkw6 Gz ~mdqd k jqgzgz3 Wct oddn ~c uqcrd g~+
Zdogcq go~dqok~gcoki OHC cbjgki) @kati
Aw kii kjjcto~z) zghogjko~ at~ todrdo uqch,qdzz mkz addo lknd zgojd 1551 go knnqdzzgohrtiodqkagig~w ~c zmcj`z kon ~c ~md kjjtltik~dn
idhkjw cb ~md jcofigj~/ Mcxdrdq) ~md zuqdkn cb
kqldn jcofigj~ kon k mcz~ cb c~mdq bkj~cqz) gojitn,
goh iglg~dn ngzkz~dq uqdukqdnodzz kon dbbcq~z ~c
z~qdoh~mdo qdzgigdojd) mkrd gojqdkzdn rtiodqkagig~w
kon knndn ~c ~md mtlkog~kqgko jkzdickn/ Kzzdzzgoh
kon {tko~gbwgoh ndagig~k~goh bkj~cqz gz mkludqdn
aw k otladq cb gzztdz) gojitngoh ~md uktjg~w kon
toqdigkagig~w cb nk~k kon ~md ikj` cb jcojdu~tki
jikqg~w co xmk~ gz mtlkog~kqgkoko dlgodo~iw
rkqgkaid oc~gco kon cod ~mk~ mkz) crdq ~md wdkqz)
addo ztafdj~dn ~c ucig~gjki lkogutik~gco/ ^md oc,
~gco ~mk~ ~mdqd xkz k zg~tk~gco cb mtlkog~kqgko
jcojdqo go Kbhmkogz~ko ucz~,1551 qko jcto~dq
~c ~md nclgoko~ okqqk~grd cb ~md TZ,idn jckig,
~gco kon ~md Kbhmko hcrdqoldo~ g~ ztuucq~z/ Kz
k qdzti~) mtlkog~kqgko oddn xkz cb~do lgoglgvdn
cq qd,aqkondn kz jmqcogj tondqndrdiculdo~/Lcqdcrdq) ~md ~cciz ~c kzzdzz ~md zg~tk~gco co ~md
hqcton xdqd to~gi qdjdo~iw odg~mdq ndrdicudn ocq
nddldn odjdzzkqw/
^mgz zdj~gco qduqdzdo~z ko k~~dlu~ ~c ztllkqgvd
kon kokiwvd ~md drcit~gco cb rtiodqkagig~w zgojd
1551 co ~md akzgz cb ~md adz~ krkgikaid nk~k/ Cb
jctqzd) jciidj~goh mtlkog~kqgko nk~k go jcofigj~,
kbbdj~dn zd~~gohz gz kixkwz d}~qdldiw jmkiidohgoh6
qz~) k lg} cb ichgz~gjki) igohtgz~gj) kon zdjtqg~w,qdik~dn caz~kjidz lk`d g~ ngbjti~ ~c kjjdzz ~md
kbbdj~dn ucutik~gco0 zdjcon) ~mdqd cb~do gz k
hdodqki ikj` cb hccn akzdigod nk~k -ztjm kz k qdig,
kaid jdoztz'0 ~mgqn) go ngzkz~dq zd~~gohz) ~md zg~tk~gco
gz cb~do d}~qdldiw rcik~gid) kon nk~k ~mk~ lcqd cq
idzz qdigkaiw ndzjqgadn ~md zg~tk~gco k~ cod ~gld
lkw adjcld gokjjtqk~d k bdx lco~mz ik~dq0 okiiw)
rkqgctz hqctuz lkw mkrd ko gojdo~grd ~c crdqz~k~d
cq uqdzdo~ k ukq~gki rgdx cb oddnz kon jcong~gcoz
co ~md hqcton/:
Ztjm ngbjti~gdz zddl ~c ad ukq~gjtikqiw d}~qdld
go Kbhmkogz~ko) xmdqd kjjdzz mkz addo gojqdkzgohiw
jcoz~qkgodn kon xmdqd ~md ucutik~gcoz cb jcojdqo
mkrd cb~do addo udqjdgrdn aw icjki kt~mcqg~gdz
kon aw ~md mtlkog~kqgko jclltog~w kz to,~qtz~xcq~mw/> Bcq ~mdzd qdkzcoz) nk~k) drdo xmdqd
krkgikaid) lkw ad toqdigkaid) cq jcofigj~goh) ntd
~c ngbbdqdojdz go nk~k jciidj~gco ld~mcnz) icjk,
~gco) ~glgoh) kon zc co/ Ftz~ ~c hgrd cod d}kluid)
ucutik~gco dz~glk~dz bcq ~md jcto~qw qkohd bqcl
18 ~c :4 lgiigco/ Kz z~k~dn d}uigjg~iw go ~md 15;1
Jcozcignk~dn Kuudki -JKU'6 Hgrdo ~md lti~g~tnd
cb jcoz~qkgo~z) mtlkog~kqgko kon ndrdiculdo~
oddnz kzzdzzldo~z kqd jcluid~dn ~c ~md adz~ cb
~md kagig~w cb kgn kj~cqz) kz kon xmdo uczzgaid/4
Btq~mdqlcqd) xmgid ~md nk~k uqcrgnd ko khhqdhk~drgdx cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco) ~mdqd kqd cb,
~do nqklk~gj ngbbdqdojdz go gongjk~cqz ad~xddo tq,
ako kon qtqki kqdkz) aw mctzdmcin zcjgc,djcoclgj
z~k~tz) kon aw qdhgco/2
Zgojd 1551) kz ctq uqdrgctz qducq~z mkrd zmcxo)
mtlkog~kqgko nk~k jciidj~gco kon kokiwzgz mkrd oc~
addo k uqgcqg~w/ Xmdo ~md TO go~dhqk~dn lgz,
zgco xkz dz~kaigzmdn go 1551) ~md d}gz~goh Tog~dn
Ok~gcoz Cbjd bcq ~md Jccqngok~gco cb Mtlkog,~kqgko Kbbkgqz -TO,CJMK' gobcqlk~gco lkokhd,
ldo~ jkukjg~w xkz ngzakondn/ Go qdjdo~ wdkqz) kb~dq
~md qd,dz~kaigzmldo~ cb ko CJMK cbjd go 155=)
ldjmkogzlz bcq nk~k jciidj~gco kon khhqdhk~gco
mkrd gluqcrdn zcldxmk~08 mcxdrdq) ~md kokiwzgz
ndjg~ qdlkgoz kon gz jcluctondn aw ~md bkj~
~mk~ mtlkog~kqgko kjjdzz ~c ~md jcto~qw mkz addo
uqchqdzzgrdiw zmqgo`goh) kon xg~m g~) ~md jkukjg~w
~c hk~mdq qdigkaid nk~k/ Bcq kii ~mdzd qdkzcoz) ~md
nk~k uqdzdo~dn go ~md bciicxgoh ukhdz mkrd ~c ad
~k`do kz ~md adz~ uczzgaid kuuqc}glk~gco cb ~md
zg~tk~gco co ~md hqcton/
Ndzug~d ~md jcoz~qkgo~z ct~igodn kacrd) ctq rgdx gz
~mk~ ~md d}gz~goh nk~k kqd ztbjgdo~ ~c kbql ~mk~
~mdqd gz k jco~gotgoh mtlkog~kqgko jqgzgz go Kb,
hmkogz~ko/ md tondqiwgoh z~qtj~tqki kon jmqcogj
rtiodqkagig~gdz kqd cb~do d}kjdqak~dn aw lko,lknd
kon c~mdq ngzkz~dqz kzzcjgk~dn xg~m ok~tqki mkvkqn
drdo~z) ~mtz idkngoh ~c umkzdz cb kjt~d rtiodqkagi,
g~w ~mk~ qd{tgqd k zudjgj mtlkog~kqgko qdzucozd/
Gonddn) xmgid ~md go~dqok~gcoki kgn jcllt,
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
6/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq2
og~w mkz kjmgdrdn glucq~ko~ qdzti~z crdq ~md ukz~
ndjknd) go zcld zdj~cqz ~md zg~tk~gco mkz btq~mdq
nd~dqgcqk~dn go ~md ikz~ rd wdkqz) ntd ~c k zdqgdz cb
bkj~cqz) lkow cb xmgjm bkii ct~zgnd ~md jco~qci cb
~md kgn jclltog~w) gojitngoh k xcqzdogoh cb ~md
jcofigj~ kon knrdqzd xdk~mdq jcong~gcoz/ Kjjcqn,
goh ~c CJMK)=
Mtlkog~kqgko jcong~gcoz go Kbhmkogz~ko mkrd
z~dkngiw nd~dqgcqk~dn go qdjdo~ wdkqz ntd ~c ~md
uqc~qkj~dn jcofigj~ kon qdjtqqdo~ ok~tqki ngzkz,
~dqzukq~gjtikqiw nqcthm~) fikzm ficcnz) kon c~mdq
d}~qdld xdk~mdq/ Ko go~dozgdn jcofigj~ go 15;;
jktzdn btq~mdq jgrgigko jkztki~gdz kon ngzuikjd,
ldo~) ndikwdn mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco kon ngzqtu~dn
dzzdo~gki zdqrgjdz/ Ztjm dondlgj dorgqcoldo~ki
mkvkqnz qdondq ~md lkfcqg~w cb Kbhmkogz~koz
ucutik~gco jmqcogjkiiw cq kjt~diw rtiodqkaid/
@dw mtlkog~kqgko gongjk~cqz mkrd z~dkngiw nd~d,
qgcqk~dn go Kbhmkogz~ko go qdjdo~ wdkqz kz k qdzti~
cb uqc~qkj~dn jcofigj~) qdjtqqdo~ dorgqcoldo~ki
mkvkqnz kon k jclagok~gco cb tondq,ndrdiculdo~
kon ndrdiculdo~ bkgitqd/7
^md bciicxgoh zdj~gcoz cbbdq ko crdqrgdx cb rkqg,
ctz gongjk~cqz ~mk~ aqdk` ncxo rtiodqkagig~w aw
zdj~cq/
Mdki~m
G~ mkz adjcld gojqdkzgohiw ngbjti~ bcq cqngokqw
Kbhmkoz ~c ca~kgo mdki~m jkqd/Qd~c Z~cj`dq) GJQJ
Mdkn cb Ndidhk~gco) Cj~cadq =) 15;1;5
^md ot~qg~gcoki z~k~tz cb k ucutik~gco) cb~doldkztqdn ~mqcthm ~md Hicaki Kjt~d Lkiot,~qg~gco -HKL' qk~d kon ~md Zdrdqd Kjt~d Lkiot,
~qg~gco -ZKL' qk~d) kon ~md mdki~m z~k~tz) ldkztqdnaw ~md Jqtnd Lcq~kig~w Qk~d -JLQ') gz k hccn
gongjk~cq ~c kzzdzz ~md zdrdqg~w cb k mtlkog~kqgko
jqgzgz/ Go Kbhmkogz~ko) ~md JLQ);; ko dz~glk~d cb
~md qk~d k~ xmgjm ldladqz cb k ucutik~gco mkrd
ngdn crdq k ndodn udqgcn cb ~gld);1 mkz addo nd,
jigogoh zighm~iw bqcl ~md adhgoogoh cb ~md xkq ~c
15;5 -bqcl ;7 ndk~mz udq ;555 udcuid go 1551 ~c
;2 udq ;555 udcuid go 15;5') kon qdlkgoz adicx
~md ~mqdzmcin hdodqkiiw jcozgndqdn ~c gongjk~d ko
dldqhdojw/
^md zg~tk~gco) mcxdrdq) gz ltjm lcqd ngqd gb cod
icc`z k~ ~md HKL/Xmgid lkow ~mqdzmcinz d}gz~
~mk~ jko ad tzdn ~c jk~dhcqgvd dldqhdojw zg~tk,
~gcoz);: k HKL rkitd cb lcqd ~mko ;5$ hdodqkiiw
gndo~gdz ko dldqhdojw) kon k rkitd crdq ;4$ gz
udqjdgrdn kz jqg~gjki/ Go Kbhmkogz~ko) kjjcqngoh ~c
~md ikz~ ~xc jcto~qw,xgnd krkgikaid ztqrdwzk
Qkugn Ot~qg~gco Kzzdzzldo~ aw ~md Lgogz~qw cb
Utaigj Mdki~m -LcUM' jcrdqgoh 11 uqcrgojdz go
155= kon k ztqrdw aw ~md Jdoztz Atqdkt kon TOJmginqdoz Bton -TOGJDB' go 15;;~md HKL
qk~d mkz xcqzdodn bqcl ;2/8$;> ~c ;=$) qdkjmgoh
k z~khhdqgoh :;$ go ~md lcz~ kbbdj~dn qdhgcoz/;4
Xmgid ~mgz mghm htqd lkw ad ~md qdzti~ cb gojco,
zgz~dojgdz go ~md nk~k) g~ gz zkbd ~c kzztld ~mk~ tu
~c cod go ~mqdd Kbhmko jmginqdo kqd lkioctqgzmdn/
Btq~mdqlcqd) kz zmcxo go Bghtqd ;) ~mdqd gz k mthd
qdhgcoki rkqgkagig~w go HKL qk~dz) xg~m ~md lcqd
mdkrgiw jcofigj~,kbbdj~dn zct~m adgoh bkq xcqzd cbb
~mko ~md ocq~mdkz~/ Go jco~qkz~) ~md icxdz~ gojg,
ndojd cb lkiot~qg~gcokqcton ;:$xkz bcton
go ~md jdo~dq cb ~md jcto~qw) xmdqd ~md ^kigako
mkrd ig~~id gofitdojd) ~mtz jcoqlgoh ~mk~ ~md jco,
figj~ mkz k zghogjko~ glukj~ co ~md idrdi cb lkiot,
~qg~gco/ md ZKL gz d{tkiiw xcqqgzcld) mkrgoh go,
jqdkzdn bqcl kbbdj~goh >/8$ cb jmginqdo go 155= ~c
;8/2$ go 15;5#;; jclukqdn xg~m ko go~dqok~gcoki
dldqhdojw ~mqdzmcin cb 1$/;2 Lcqdcrdq) Kbhmkog,
z~ko mkz ~md mghmdz~ uqdrkidojd cb z~to~goh go ~md
xcqin klcoh jmginqdo tondq rd wdkqz cin/;8
^md tondq,rd lcq~kig~w qk~d -T4LQ')
xmgjm ndzjqgadz ~md uqcakagig~w cb nwgoh ad~xddo
agq~m kon rd wdkqz cb khd udq ;)555 igrd agq~mz)
zddlz ~c mkrd gluqcrdn crdq ~md ukz~ bctq wdkqz)
lcrgoh bqcl ;7; ndk~mz udq ;)555 agq~mz go
155=;7 ~c ;>7 udq ;)555 go 15;;/15 Ndzug~d ~mgz
gluqcrdldo~) Kbhmkogz~ko z~gii qdlkgoz ~md xcqz~
cbb jcto~qw go ~dqlz cb tondq,rd lcq~kig~w go
~md xmcid cb Kzgk) xg~m idrdiz xcqzd ~mko ~mczd
oc~ coiw cb ndrdicugoh jcto~qgdz kz k hqctu -2:ndk~mz udq ;)555 agq~mz' at~ kizc cb ~md khhqdhk~d
krdqkhd bcq Zta,Zkmkqko Kbqgjk jcto~qgdz -;1;
ndk~mz') kon xg~m idrdiz jclukqkaid ~c c~mdq uqc,
icohdn jqgzgz jcto~qgdz) ztjm kz Zclkigk kon ~md
Ndlcjqk~gj Qdutaigj cb ~md Jcohc/1;
^md zg~tk~gco gz drdo lcqd kuukiigoh xmdo nk~k
co ~md jcong~gco cb xcldo gz ~k`do go~c kjjcto~6
Kbhmkogz~ko mkz ~md zdjcon mghmdz~ lk~dqoki lcq,
~kig~w qk~d go ~md xcqin11 -ko dz~glk~d cb ad~xddo
:18 kon >25 bcq dkjm ;55)555 igrd agq~mz)1: xmgjm
qduqdzdo~z odrdq~mdidzz k zghogjko~ gluqcrdldo~
bqcl 8;5 ndk~mz drdqw ;55)555 agq~mz go 1554'/
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
7/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz 8
Bghtqd ;6 Uqdrkidojd cb Tondqxdghm~ Jmginqdo go 15;5#;;) aw qdhgco;=
^mdzd nk~k tobcq~tok~diw lkz` ~md zdrdqg~w cb ~md
zg~tk~gco6 qz~) adjktzd ~md kqdkz ~mk~ lkw ad lcz~
zdrdqdiw kbbdj~dn xdqd d}jitndn bqcl ~md nk~kjciidj~gco6 kjjcqngoh ~c ~md Kbhmkogz~ko Lcq~ki,
g~w Ztqrdw 15;5) kact~ cod,~mgqn cb ~md qtqki
ucutik~gco go ~md zct~m vcod xkz oc~ jcrdqdn go
~md ztqrdw ntd ~c ~md zdjtqg~w zg~tk~gco) ~mtz hdo,
dqk~goh k ztaz~ko~gki tqako agkz/1> Btq~mdqlcqd)
~mdzd nk~k kqd oc~ ngzkhhqdhk~dn aw uqcrgojd) at~
coiw aw qdhgco) ~mtz lkz`goh ~md zdrdqg~w cb ~md
zg~tk~gco go jdq~kgo uqcrgojdz/ Drdo zc) go ac~m ~md
ocq~m kon ~md zct~m) qdjcqndn lk~dqoki lcq~kig~w
xkz dz~glk~dn kqcton :42 ndk~mz udq ;55)555 igrd
agq~mz) go jco~qkz~ xg~m ~md jdo~dq) xg~m kact~ 1=4
ndk~mz udq ;55)555 igrd agq~mz/14
Go 155;#1551) TOGJDB kon ~md Xcqin Mdki~m
Cqhkogvk~gco -XMC' iktojmdn lkzzgrd wdkqiw
glltogvk~gco jklukghoz/ Wd~) kjjcqngoh ~c k
15;;Lti~g,Gongjk~cq Ztqrdw) coiw :5$ cb jmginqdo
adicx ~xc wdkqz cb khd kqd btiiw rkjjgok~dn) xmgid
cod go bctq jmginqdo -1>$' xkz oc~ rkjjgok~dn k~ kii
khkgoz~ kow ngzdkzdz/ Btq~mdqlcqd) ~mdqd gz k agh ngz,
ukqg~w ad~xddo tqako -:8$' kon qtqki -17$' kqdkz)kz xdii kz aw qdhgco6 Go ~md Ocq~m,Dkz~dqo qdhgco)
>1$ cb jmginqdo kqd glltogvdn khkgoz~ jclltog,
jkaid ngzdkzdz) xmgid go ~md Zct~mdqo qdhgco) bdxdq
~mko 1$ cb jmginqdo kqd btiiw rkjjgok~dn/12
^md jktzdz admgon ~md mghm otladqz cb torkjjg,
ok~dn jmginqdo kqd lkow6 TOGJDB z~qdzzdz ~mk~ ~c
qdkjm ~md ~kqhd~dn ucutik~gco) udqztkzgco) ukq~gjg,
uk~gco) kon udkjd kqd kii,glucq~ko~6 Zgojd 155=
~md otladq cb kqldn k~~kj`z go Kbhmkogz~ko
mkz gojqdkzdn) jqdk~goh ko dorgqcoldo~ cb bdkq kon
iglg~goh kjjdzz bcq rkjjgok~gco ~dklz go jcofigj~,
kbbdj~dn kqdkz/ Khkgoz~ ~mgz akj`nqcu) ~md otladq
cb ucigc jkzdz mkz jigladn akj` tu/18 Zglgikqiw)
kjjcqngoh ~c ~md 15;1 Lgn,Wdkq Qdrgdx cb ~md
Jcozcignk~dn Kuudki) k zmkqu gojqdkzd go ~md otl,
adq cb ldkzidz ct~aqdk`z mkz addo cazdqrdn go ~md
qz~ {tkq~dq) xg~m zcld kqdkz qdkjmgoh k z~khhdqgoh
bk~kig~w qk~d cb ;>$~mqdd ~gldz ~md go~dqok~gcoki
dldqhdojw ~mqdzmcin/1=
Kjjdzz ~c mdki~m gz zglgikqiw xcqqwgoh6 ndzug~d
zcld gluqcrdldo~z kon ztaz~ko~gki gordz~ldo~)
k jcluqdmdozgrd mdki~m jkqd gobqkz~qtj~tqd mkz
wd~ ~c ad kjmgdrdn) kon lkow jclltog~gdz kqd
z~gii igrgoh xg~mct~ kjjdzz ~c uqglkqw mdki~m jkqd/Kjjcqngoh ~c ~md Xcqin Mdki~m Cqhkogvk~gco kon
~md Lgogz~qw cb Mdki~m) kuuqc}glk~diw ;4$ cb ~md
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
8/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq=
ucutik~gco mkz oc kjjdzz ~c ~md lcz~ akzgj mdki~m
zdqrgjdz) xmgid odkqiw =4$ cb ~md ucutik~gco mkz
kjjdzz -xg~mgo k 1,mctq xki`' ~c akzgj mdki~m
jkqd017 mcxdrdq) k rkz~ lkfcqg~w cb ~mdzd mdki~m
ucz~z kqd xg~mct~ ldngjki udqzcoodi/ Btq~mdqlcqd)
kjjcqngoh ~c ~md Khdojw Jccqngok~goh Acnw bcq
Kbhmko Qdigdb -KJAKQ')
^md Lgogz~qw cb Utaigj Mdki~m kjjdzz htqdz
coiw qduqdzdo~ ~md udqjdo~khd cb ~md ucutik~gco
~mk~ igrd go ngz~qgj~z go xmgjm uqglkqw jkqd zdqrgjdz
kqd uqcrgndn aw OHCz tondq jco~qkj~z xg~m ~md
Lgogz~qw cb Utaigj Mdki~m cq ~mqcthm hqko~z ~c
~md OHCz/ ^mgz gz lgzidkngoh kon jclltogjk~dz
k bkizd zdozd cb kjmgdrdldo~ go ~dqlz cb kjjdzz ~c
mdki~mjkqd krkgikaid ~c Kbhmkoz kjqczz ~md jcto~qw/
Jtqqdo~iw) 25$ cb ~md qtqki ucutik~gco igrdz lcqd
~mko ko mctqz ~qkrdi ~gld bqcl kow mdki~m bkjgig~w
kon =4$ igrd xg~mgo cod mctqz ngz~kojd aw kow
ldkoz cb ~qkozucq~k~gco) gojitngoh aw jkq/:5
^md {tkig~w cb zdqrgjdz gz kizc iglg~dn6 k 15;; z~tnw
jcontj~dn aw KJAKQ qducq~dn gojqdkzgoh bqtz~qk,
~gco klcoh Kbhmkoz k~~dlu~goh ~c kjjdzz bkjgig,
~gdz) xmgjm kqd bqd{tdo~iw jiczdn) adgoh zdqrdn aw
z~kbb ~mk~ ikj` ~md qd{tgqdn uqcbdzzgcoki z`giiz kon
`ocxidnhd cq mkrgoh ~c tzd bkjgig~gdz xg~m zta,
z~konkqn atgingohz kon ikj` cb d{tguldo~/:; ^md
uqcaidl gz kizc jcluctondn aw k lkfcq zmcq~khdcb k mdki~m jkqd uqcbdzzgcokiz go Kbhmkogz~ko/ Cod
dz~glk~d~md Mdki~m Lkokhdldo~ Gobcqlk~gco
Zwz~dl lkokhdn aw XMCjikglz ~mk~ ~mdqd kqd
coiw ;)42: umwzgjgkoz bcq k ucutik~gco cb ku,
uqc}glk~diw 18 lgiigco udcuid):1 kon ko krdqkhd
cb 44 mdki~m udqzcoodi -gojitngoh ldngjki ncj~cqz)
otqzdz) kon lgnxgrdz' bcq drdqw ;5)555 gomkag~ko~z/
^mdzd otladqz lkw xdii ad co ~md icx zgnd) at~
~md mthd qdhgcoki ngbbdqdojdz zmcxo go Bghtqd 1
kqd uqcakaiw ko kjjtqk~d gongjk~cq cb ~md ngzukqg~gdzgo krkgikagig~w cb mdki~m zdqrgjdz/
^md kacrd htqdz aw ~mdlzdirdz ukgo~ k hqgl ugj,
~tqd cb ~md z~k~d cb mdki~m go Kbhmkogz~ko/ At~ ~md
glukj~ cb ~md jcofigj~ lk`dz ~mgohz ltjm xcqzd/
K~~kj`z khkgoz~ mdki~m bkjgig~gdz) ~md ikj` cb qdzudj~
aw adiighdqdo~z cb ~md odt~qkig~w cb ztjm bkjgig~gdz)
kon ~md qditj~kojd cb jgrgigkoz go zcld kqdkz ~c ad
zddo go hcrdqoldo~ cq OHC jigogjz knn ~c ~md
uqcaidl/ Oc~ coiw kqd mdki~m zdqrgjdz z~gii zukqzd
kon goztbjgdo~iw d{tguudn kon z~kbbdn) zdjtqg~w
jcojdqoz btq~mdq gomgag~ kjjdzz ~c krkgikaid mdki~m
bkjgig~gdz/ md Go~dqok~gcoki Jcllg~~dd cb ~md
Qdn Jqczz -GJQJ' mkz qdudk~dniw ndoctojdn
~md ngbjti~gdz bkjdn aw jgrgigkoz go kjjdzzgoh
mdki~m zdqrgjdz6 Ca~kgogoh mdki~m jkqd qdlkgoz
k jmkiidohd bcq udcuid go ~md kqdkz mkqndz~ mg~ aw
jcofigj~ adjktzd cb ~md hm~goh kon ~md hdodqki
ikj` cb zdjtqg~w) kon zcld z~kbb mkrd fidn cq kqd
zgluiw ~cc kbqkgn ~c hc ~c xcq`/:: ^md zdjtqg~w
zg~tk~gco gz nduqgrgoh k ikqhd ukq~ cb ~md Kbhmkoucutik~gco cb kjjdzz ~c mdki~m,jkqd bkjgig~gdz) zcld
cb xmgjm mkrd addo ngqdj~iw k~~kj`dn/:>
Go 15;;) k TO qducq~ zglgikqiw z~k~dn ~mk~ ~md nd,
~dqgcqk~goh zdjtqg~w zg~tk~gco kon jco~gotdn k~~kj`z
co mdki~m xcq`dqz kon bkjgig~gdz mkrd bcqjdn lkow
mdki~m bkjgig~gdz ~c jiczd cq zjkid ncxo zdqrgjdz)
qdzti~goh go oc cq iglg~dn kjjdzz bcq mtonqdnz cb
~mctzkonz cb Kbhmkoz ~c akzgj mdki~m jkqd/:4 K
zgohid k~~kj` jko mkrd zdrdqd jcozd{tdojdz6 bcq
goz~kojd) k ^kigako k~~kj` co Fkotkqw 4) 1557) go
Kqhmkonka Ngz~qgj~) @konkmkq Uqcrgojd) ndz~qcwdn
k akzgj mdki~m jdo~dq) glldngk~diw nduqgrgoh ~md
15)555 bklgigdz go ~md ngz~qgj~ cb kow mdki~m jkqd/:2
Kjjcqngoh ~c ~md zkld qducq~) k~~kj`z co ac~m
mdki~m bkjgig~gdz kon udqzcoodi gojqdkzdn zghog,
jko~iw bqcl 155= ~c 1557 kon ndjqdkzdn go 15;5/
Cb ztjm gojgndo~z) lcz~ xdqd k~~qgat~dn ~c kqldn
cuuczg~gco hqctuz) gojitngoh ~md kigako/
Go knng~gco ~c ~md icjkigvdn jcofigj~z kon ~md k~,~kj`z aw ~md kqldn cuuczg~gco) KJAKQ ldo~gcoz
qkgnz) go~glgnk~gcoz kon cudqk~gcoz aw ~md Kbhmko
Ok~gcoki Zdjtqg~w Bcqjdz kon ~md Go~dqok~gcoki
Lgig~kqw Bcqjdz -GLB'):8 xmgjm odhk~grdiw glukj~
co ~md kagig~w cb ~md ucutik~gco ~c kjjdzz zdqrgjdz
kon zdqrgjd uqcrgndqz ~c ndigrdq zdqrgjdz/ ^mdqd
mkrd kizc addo qducq~z cb mdki~m bkjgig~gdz tzdn kz
z~khgoh ucz~z bcq lgig~kqw cudqk~gcoz kon cb kqldn
didldo~z do~dqgoh mdki~m bkjgig~gdz cq zdkqjmgoh
~mdl/:=
^mgz oc~ coiw rgcik~dz Go~dqok~gcoki Mt,lkog~kqgko Ikx):7 at~ kizc tondqlgodz ~md jco,
ndojd cb jgrgigkoz go oddn cb ldngjki kzzgz~kojd
kon gojqdkzdz ngqdj~ qgz`z ~c ~mdzd bkjgig~gdz/
Ikz~iw) ~mgo`goh kact~ ~md bt~tqd) g~ gz kizc xcq~m
oc~goh ~mk~ mdki~m uqcrgzgco gz jiczdiw igo`dn ~c
~md uqdzdojd cb go~dqok~gcoki kgn kj~cqz kon ~mdgq
btongoh z~qdklz) ac~m cb xmgjm xgii ig`diw nd,
jqdkzd kz ~md Go~dqok~gcoki Zdjtqg~w Kzzgz~kojd
Bcqjd -GZKB' qdntjdz g~z uqdzdojd/ ^md mdki~m
zwz~dl gz mghmiw ndudondo~ co d}~dqoki ztuucq~)
kz ~md hcrdqoldo~ d}udong~tqd co mdki~m gz coiw
;/2$ cb ~c~ki hcrdqoldo~ d}udong~tqd/>5
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
9/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz 7
Go 1552) kjjcqngoh ~c k z~tnw jcontj~dn aw ~md
Kbhmko Qdzdkqjm kon Drkitk~gco Tog~ -KQDT')
=1$ cb ~md ucutik~gco cb Kbhmkogz~ko xkz igrgoh go
ngz~qgj~z xmdqd uqglkqw jkqd zdqrgjdz xdqd uqc,
rgndn aw OHCz tondq jco~qkj~ xg~m ~md Lgogz~qw
cb Utaigj Mdki~m cb Kbhmkogz~ko cq ~mqcthm ncocq
hqko~z/>; Kz xg~m dntjk~gco -zdd adicx') k qdntj,
~gco cb ztuucq~ bcq k zwz~dl ~mk~ qdigdz zc mdkrgiwco ncocq btonz jctin mkrd ndrkz~k~goh jcozd,
{tdojdz bcq ~md hdodqki ucutik~gco/ Kiqdknw) qducq~z
kqd dldqhgoh go ~md ldngk cb bkjgig~gdz mkrgoh ~c
jiczd adjktzd btonz mkrd addo xg~mnqkxo kon#cq
~md hcrdqoldo~ ikj`z ~md qdzctqjdz ~c qto ~mdl/>1
Bccn Zdjtqg~w
Wct mkrd lkiot~qg~gco qk~dz xmgjm kqd klcoh
~md mghmdz~ go Kzgk kon d{tgrkido~ ~c qk~dz nddldn~c~kiiw tokjjdu~kaid go c~mdq ukq~z cb ~md xcqin/Lgjmkdi @dk~goh) TO Mtlkog~kqgko Jccqngok~cq>:
K jjcqngoh ~c ~md Ok~gcoki Qgz` kon Rtiodq,kagig~w Kzzdzzldo~ -OQRK' jcluid~dn go1558#5=) 2=$ cb ~md Kbhmko ucutik~gco xkz kb,
bdj~dn aw zcld bcql cb bccn gozdjtqg~w) xg~m :;$
bccn,gozdjtqd kon :8$ acqndqigod bccn,gozdjtqd/>>
^md nk~k co ot~qg~gco uqcrgndn kacrd hgrdz k
zdozd cb mcx zdrdqd kon xgndzuqdkn lkiot~qg~gco
kon bccn gozdjtqg~w kqd/ mgz zta,zdj~gco d}ukonz
btq~mdq co ~md jktzdz cb ztjm bccn gozdjtqg~w/
Kjjcqngoh ~c ~md Xcqin Ako`) crdq 84$ cb ~md
Kbhmko udcuid igrd go qtqki kqdkz xmdqd khqgjti,~tqd gz ~md uqglkqw kj~grg~w0 wd~) coiw ;1$ cb ~md
jcto~qwz 24 lgiigco mdj~kqdz cb ikon gz kqkaid0 cb
~mgz kqkaid ikon) btq~mdqlcqd) coiw >5$ gz gqqghk~,
dn) kon coiw 5/1$ wgdinz udqlkodo~ jqcuz/>4
^md jcofigj~ kon qdjtqqgoh nqcthm~z mkrd mkl,
udqdn ~md lkgo nqgrdqz cb khqgjti~tqki -kon
gontz~qgki' uqcntj~gco hqcx~mkzzd~z) goz~g~t~gcoz)
~djmocichw) qcknz) gqqghk~gco) kon dntjk~gco0 kz k
qdzti~) khqgjti~tqki uqcntj~gco mkz addo hqcxgoh k~
k qk~d cb coiw 5/1$ udq wdkq ntqgoh ~md ikz~ ~mgq~wwdkqz) jclukqdn ~c 1/1$ udq wdkq go ~md uqd,jco,
figj~ udqgcn -;72;8=') xmdqdaw k hqcx~m qk~d cb
k~ idkz~ 4$ udq wdkq gz nddldn odjdzzkqw ~c qdntjd
ucrdq~w kon) ~mtz) lkiot~qg~gco/>2
Lcqdcrdq) ~md bkj~ ~mk~ Kbhmkogz~ko gz oc~ zdib,
qdigko~ go ~dqlz cb bccn uqcntj~gco d}uczdz ~md
Bghtqd 16Kjjdzz ~c Mdki~m6 Ucutik~gco Zdqrgjdn aw Ldngjki Ncj~cqz -Zctqjd6 CJMK 15;1 Lgn,Wdkq Qdrgdx) 4'
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
10/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq;5
jcto~qw ~c go~dqok~gcoki goz~kagig~w/ Go 155=) ntd
~c k jclagok~gco cb go~dqok~gcoki -gojqdkzgoh
hicaki bccn uqgjdz' kon qdhgcoki bkj~cqz -d}ucq~
akoz go `dw ~qkngoh ukq~odqz ztjm kz Uk`gz~ko') kon
zdrdqd nqcthm~) ncldz~gj xmdk~ hqkgo kon fictq
uqgjdzhccn uqc}w gongjk~cqz bcq bccn gozdjt,
qg~wkuuqc}glk~diw nctaidn/>8
Btq~mdqlcqd) kz ngzjtzzdn go k qdjdo~ z~tnw)>= drdo
zmcq~,~dql uqgjd zmcj`z jko mkrd k ldkztqkaid
glukj~ co mctzdmcin bccn zdjtqg~w kjqczz Kbhmko,
gz~ko0 ~mdw jko dkzgiw idkn ~c zmcq~ act~z cb uccq
ot~qg~gco) xmgjm) go ~tqo) lkw d}kjdqak~d kiqdknw
mghm idrdiz cb lkiot~qg~gco/ Ztjm act~z cb uccq
ot~qg~gco lkw mkrd icoh,~dql qdudqjtzzgcoz) ukq,
~gjtikqiw bcq rtiodqkaid ucutik~gcoz/ Bcq goz~kojd)
go 15;;) kb~dq k zdrdqd nqcthm~) ~md Bccn Zdjtqg~w
kon Khqgjti~tqd Jitz~dq jcontj~dn ko Dldqhdojw
Bccn Zdjtqg~w Kzzdzzldo~ -DBZK') gndo~gbwgoh
1/=2 lgiigco udcuid kz zdrdqdiw kbbdj~dn aw ~md
nqcthm~ kon bccn go,zdjtqd/ Go lgn,15;;) CJMK
dz~glk~dn >/; lgiigco udcuid ~c ad bccn,gozdjtqd>7
kon go oddn cb qdigdb ztuucq~) xg~m k btq~mdq cod
lgiigco go oddn cb dldqhdojw khqgjti~tqki kzzgz,
~kojd/
Dntjk~gco
Lw jikzz gz rdqw jiczd ~c ~md lkgo qckn , go k~do~/ Zcld~gldz drdo z~qkw nchz hd~ go kon ukzzgoh
jkqz aicx ntz~ go~c ctq ~do~) xmgjm hd~z go~c ctq
jic~mdz) mkgq kon drdo oc~dacc`z/Lgq @mko) ;5)
uqglkqw zjmcci utugi) Kqht) Aknk`mzmko/45
Z ~qgj~iw zudk`goh) ~md kazdojd cb dntjk~gco gok jqgzgz gz oc~ k igbd,~mqdk~dogoh gzztd/ Odr,dq~mdidzz) g~ mkz addo gojitndn bcq ~mqdd qdkzcoz/
Bgqz~) hgrdo ~md uqc~qkj~dn ok~tqd cb ~md jcofigj~)g~ gz jdq~kgoiw qdidrko~ ~c ~md ucutik~gco go ~md
icoh ~dql) kz g~ gz mkqn ~c glkhgod ztzudongoh
dntjk~gco bcq ndjkndz hgrdo g~z zghogjkojd bcq
igrdigmccnz) mdki~m kon ot~qg~gcoki z~k~tz) hdondq
d{tg~w) kon ~md crdqkii z~kagig~w cb ~md zcjgki bkaqgj/
Zdjcon) dntjk~gco mkz addo mghmiw ucig~gjgvdn6 co
~md cod mkon) ~md go~dqok~gcoki jclltog~w mkz
~qdk~dn g~ kz dlaidlk~gj cb ~md ztjjdzz cb g~z ucz~,
7#;; qdjcrdqw z~qk~dhw0 co ~md c~mdq) ~md kigako
mkrd) k~ idkz~ gog~gkiiw) cuuczdn g~ bcq zwlld~qgjkiat~ cuuczg~d qdkzcoz) adjktzd g~ qduqdzdo~dn ~md
jcqqtu~ hcrdqoldo~ ztuucq~dn aw ~md gorkn,
dqz/ mgqn) dntjk~gco zdqrdz kz k uqc}w gongjk~cq
cb z~kagig~w/ ^mtz) g~ gz ko go~dqdz~goh idoz ~c icc` k~
~md drcit~gco cb ~md zg~tk~gco co ~md hqcton kon
~md ~dozgcoz kon cuucq~tog~gdz ~mk~ kjjclukow g~/
Dntjk~gco mkz addo gluqcrgoh z~dkngiw crdq ~md
wdkqz/ Odrdq~mdidzz) go 15;5#15;;) kjjcqngoh ~c
~md Kbhmkogz~ko Lti~guid Gongjk~cq Jitz~dq Ztqrdw)coiw 44$ cb jmginqdo cb uqglkqw zjmcci khd xdqd
k~~dongoh zjmcci) xg~m mghm ngzukqg~gdz ad~xddo
tqako kon qtqki kqdkz0 kon kact~ :1$ cb zdjcon,
kqw zjmcci khdn jmginqdo xdqd k~~dongoh zjmcci/
^mdqd xdqd zghogjko~ ngbbdqdojdz go ~md k~~do,
nkojd cb hgqiz kon acwz) ac~m go uqglkqw zjmcci
-k~~dondn aw 8 hgqiz bcq drdqw ;5 acwz' kon) drdo
lcqd zc) go zdjconkqw zjmcci -4 hgqiz bcq drdqw ;5
acwz'/4; Ztjm god{tkig~gdz kuudkqdn ukq~gjtikqiw
uqcoctojdn bcq hgqiz go ~md zct~mdqo qdhgco) g/d/)
go ~md lcz~ jcofigj~,kbbdj~dn kqdkz/ Kjjcqngoh ~c
~md zkld zctqjd) ~md dntjk~gco idrdi cb xcldo
jcozgz~do~iw dldqhdz kz k qdigkaid uqdngj~cq cb ki,
lcz~ kii gongjk~cqz cb ~md jcong~gco cb xcldo kon
jmginqdo/ Xmgid ~mdqd mkz addo lkzzgrd gluqcrd,
ldo~ cb doqcildo~ idrdiz zgojd 1551) ~md {tkig~w
cb ~md dntjk~gco uqcrgndn ztbbdqz xgnd rkqgk~gcoz/
Lcqdcrdq) ~md doqcildo~ cb hgqiz mkz qdkjmdn to,
uqdjdndo~dn idrdiz) at~ uqglkqw zjmcci jcluid~gco
qk~d bcq acwz gz :1$) rdqztz ;:$ bcq hgqiz/ Ldqdiw
:5$ cb hgqiz qdkjm hqknd 4) jclukqdn ~c 42$ bcqacwz/ Go lcqd jcozdqrk~grd kon jcofigj~,kbbdj~dn
kqdkz -xmgjm cb~do kqd ~md zkld' ~md jcluid~gco
qk~d bcq hgqiz gz drdo icxdq/41
Go knng~gco ~c ichgz~gjki jcoz~qkgo~z kon zmcq~khd
cb mtlko qdzctqjdz) dntjk~gco gz kizc mghmiw rti,
odqkaid ~c gozdjtqg~w qdik~dn ~c ~md jcofigj~/
K~~kj`z aw ko~g,hcrdqoldo~ didldo~z6 Kz dntjk,
~gco bkjgig~gdz qduqdzdo~ ~md uqdzdojd cb ~md z~k~d)zjmcci atqogohz kon bcqjdn jiczgohz mkrd addo k
qdjtqqdo~ bdk~tqd cb ~md ikz~ ndjknd -xmgjm djmcdz
~md k~~kj`z khkgoz~ zjmcciz kon ~dkjmdqz aw ~md
ltfkmgnddo ntqgoh ~md jclltogz~ udqgcn'/
K~~kj`z gojitnd hqdokndz#aclagohz) oghm~ id~~dqz
cq rdqaki ~mqdk~z ~c ~dkjmdqz) kon `giigohz cb z~t,
ndo~z kon dntjk~gco udqzcoodi) ki~mcthm ~md lcz~
bqd{tdo~ ~wud cb k~~kj` gz kqzco) bciicxdn aw d},
uiczgcoz go cq odkq zjmcci atgingohz/ Ngqdj~ k~~kj`z
khkgoz~ z~tndo~z cq dntjk~gco udqzcoodi kqd kizc
jcllco/ Hcrdqoldo~ zjmcciz kqd aw bkq ~md lcz~
~kqhd~dn jclukqdn ~c OHC kon uqgrk~d zjmcciz0
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
11/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz ;;
~md qdkzcoz bcq ~mgz kqd tojidkq/4:
^md jcojitzgco~mk~ OHC,akzdn zjmcciz kqd idzz cb k ~kqhd~ gz)
mcxdrdq) jmkiidohdn go koc~mdq qducq~) xmgjm) co
~md akzgz cb zdrdqki go~dqrgdxz xg~m ^kigako jcl,
lkondqz kon c~mdq `dw gobcqlko~z) oc~dz mcx go
zcld goz~kojdz zjmcciz kon ~dkjmdqz Pztuucq~dn\
aw go~dqok~gcoki ocohcrdqoldo~ki cqhkogvk~gcoz
lkw ad k~~kj`dn kz zwlaciz cb ~md xcq` cb
bcqdghodqz/4>
K JKQD qducq~ bcq ~md Xcqin Ako` kon ~md
Lgogz~qw cb Dntjk~gco -LcD' utaigzmdn go 1557
mghmighm~dn ~mgz kikqlgoh ~qdon/ ^md otladq cb
gojgndo~z khkgoz~ zjmcciz z~kwdn z~kaid k~ 1>; kon
1>1 qdzudj~grdiw go 1552 kon 1558) at~ ~mdo g~
adhko dzjkik~goh qkugniw6 g~ kilcz~ ~qguidn go 155=)
qdkjmgoh 285 k~~kj`z) kon `du~ hqcxgoh/44
Xmgid ~md ~qdon gz lg}dn) ~mdqd zddlz ~c ad k
zighm~ nd,dzjkik~gco go ~md k~~kj`z khkgoz~ zjmcciz go
~md ukz~ jctuid cb wdkqz/ K~ ~md adhgoogoh cb 1557)
kjjcqngoh ~c ~md JKQD#Xcqin Ako` qducq~) 285zjmcciz xdqd jiczdn kjqczz ~md jcto~qw) klcto~goh
go ~md zct~mdqo uqcrgojdz ~c k z~khhdqgoh otladq)
dz~glk~dn ~c ad ad~xddo 24 kon =;$ cb kii zjmcciz/^mgz jco~qkz~z xg~m Klodz~w Go~dqok~gcoki nk~k
bcq 15;1 gongjk~goh ~mk~ >45 zjmcciz xdqd jiczdn)
lkgoiw go ~md zct~mdqo kon dkz~dqo uqcrgojdz/42
Koc~mdq dbbdj~ cb k~~kj`z gz ~mk~ ukqdo~z `ddu
~mdgq jmginqdo mcld bqcl zjmcci/ Kjjcqngoh ~c
~md 1557 JKQD qducq~) hgqiz k~~donkojd ztbbdqz
zighm~iw lcqd ~mko acwz kb~dq k zdjtqg~w gojgndo~
k~ ~mdgq zjmcci/ :2$ cb ~md qdzucondo~z gongjk~dn
~mk~ bdxdq hgqiz mkrd bqd{tdo~dn ~md zjmcci kb~dq
~md ~mqdk~0 xmgid 18$ zkgn ~mk~ g~ mkn idn ~c k qd,
ntj~gco acwz k~~donkojd/ Kb~dq ko k~~kj`) bdlkid
~dkjmdqz kqd idzz ig`diw ~c qd~tqo ~c ~md zjmcci ~mko
lkid ~dkjmdqz/
Ocod~mdidzz) ~mdqd mkrd addo lkow goz~kojdz go
xmgjm zjmcciz mkrd qdlkgodn cudo) ~mko`z ~c
odhc~gk~gcoz xg~m ~md kqldn cuuczg~gco/ mdzd
odhc~gk~gcoz qduqdzdo~ ko go~dqdz~goh d}kluid cb
mcx kgn cqhkogvk~gcoz) jclltog~gdz) kon zcld,
~gldz ~md hcrdqoldo~ mkrd qdkjmdn k jcluqclgzdgo cqndq ~c doztqd zdqrgjd uqcrgzgco/ Kjjcqngoh
~c cod z~tnw) crdq ~md wdkqz) ~md uczg~gco cb ~md
Bghtqd :6Qk~gc cb Uqglkqw Zjmcci ^dkjmdq ~c Z~tndo~ -Zctqjd6 CJMK'/ ^md ok~gcoki krdqkhd bcq bdlkid ~dkjmdqzgz ; udq :>> zjmcci khdn hgqiz/
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
12/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq;1
^kigako) co cod zgnd) kon cb ~md hcrdqoldo~ kon
~md kgn kj~cqz) co ~md c~mdq zgnd) mkrd uqchqdz,
zgrdiw jcordqhdn/ Kb~dq 155;) ~md kigako kncu~dn
rgcidojd khkgoz~ zjmcciz kz cod cb ~md lkgo
lkogbdz~k~gcoz cb ~mdgq jklukgho khkgoz~ ~md odx
qdhgld) qdkjmgoh k udk` cb k~~kj`z khkgoz~ zjmcciz
go 15520 mcxdrdq) kz cb 1558) ~md ^kigako adhko
~c akj`~qkj` kon ndrdicu jco~kj~z xg~m ~md LcDk~ ~md jdo~qki idrdi) ndlkongoh ~md kncu~gco cb k
kigako,kuuqcrdn jtqqgjtitl)48 ~md qd~tqo ~c
~md cin ~d}~acc`z) kon ~md mgqgoh cb ~dkjmdqz bcq
qdighgctz ztafdj~z go d}jmkohd bcq ~mdgq khqddldo~
bcq qdcudogoh cb zjmcciz/
Xmgid ~mdqd lkw oc~ mkrd addo k bcqlki khqdd,
ldo~ k~ ~md jdo~qki idrdi ad~xddo ~md ^kigako kon
~md hcrdqoldo~) otldqctz icjki khqddldo~z cq
gobcqlki tondqz~kongohz xdqd kjmgdrdn) dzudjgkiiw
kz cb 15;5/ Ztjm odhc~gk~gcoz xg~m ~md ^kigako cb,
~do gorcirdn OHCz kz xdii0 gb oc~ ngqdj~iw) k~ idkz~
~mqcthm ~md ldngk~gco cb icjki jclltog~gdz/
Go k z~k~dldo~ gzztdn co Lkqjm 8) 15;1) ~md
^kigako ndjikqdn ~mk~ ~md uqclc~gco cb dntjk~gco
gozgnd ~md jcto~qw xkz cod cb ~mdgq lkgo cafdj,
~grdz) ~mk~ ~mdw jcozgndqdn dntjk~gco ~c ad k oddn
cb ~md odx hdodqk~gco) kon jcondlodn k~~kj`z
khkgoz~ dntjk~gco/4= Uczzgaiw go qdik~gco ~c ~mgz) ~md
LcD qdjdo~iw doncqzdn k odx mgz~cqw jtqqgjtitl~mk~ ndid~dz odkqiw bctq ndjkndz cb ~md jcto~qwz
xkq,~cqo ukz~) krcgngoh kow ldo~gco cb ~md jctuz
cb ~md ;785z) ~md ;787 Zcrgd~ gorkzgco) bkj~gcoki
ltfkmgnddo hm~goh go ~md ;775z) ~md TZ kon
OK^C uqdzdojd) kon idkrgoh ig~~id ldo~gco cb ~md
kigako ~mdlzdirdz/47
Ko~g,hcrdqoldo~ didldo~z kqd oc~ ~md coiw ~mqdk~
~c dntjk~gco6 c~mdq ukq~gdz ~c ~md jcofigj~ kqd kizc
gorcirdn/ Uqc,hcrdqoldo~ didldo~z mkrd cj,jtugdn zjmcciz) ut~~goh jmginqdo kon dntjk~gco
udqzcoodi k~ q gz`) ndowgoh jmginqdo ~md qghm~ ~c
dntjk~gco) kon cb~do jktzgoh) ngqdj~iw cq gongqdj~iw)
nklkhd ~c zjmcci atgingohz/ Zgojd Fkotkqw 15;1
kicod) kjjcqngoh ~c ~md TO,idn Jcto~qw ^kz`
Bcqjd co Jmginqdo kon Kqldn Jcofigj~ -JKKJ')
ukq~gdz ~c ~md jcofigj~ mkrd cjjtugdn zjmcciz go
;5 zdukqk~d gojgndo~z/25 ^md lkfcqg~w cb ~mdzd
cjjtuk~gcoz xdqd aw uqc,hcrdqoldo~ bcqjdz) kon
jclak~ko~z lcz~iw tzdn zjmcciz kz akzdz cb cudqk,
~gcoz) zcld~gldz ~dlucqkqgiw/ Go zcld goz~kojdz)
jmginqdo jco~gotdn z~tnwgoh go ~md uqdzdojd cb
jclak~ko~z) xmgid go c~mdq jkzdz) jmginqdo ngn oc~
hc ~c zjmcci xmdo ~md zjmcci xkz cjjtugdn/
Zcld cb ~mdzd cjjtuk~gcoz mkrd addo hcgoh co
bcq wdkqz6 bcq goz~kojd) go Ichkq Uqcrgojd) k mghm
zjmcci bcq ;)455 z~tndo~z mkz addo cjjtugdn zgojd
1554 aw ~md Kbhmko Ok~gcoki Ucigjd kon ztazd,
{tdo~iw aw ~md go~dqok~gcoki lgig~kqw) qd{tgqgoh
z~tndo~z kon ~dkjmdqz ~c ad acnw zdkqjmdn co knkgiw akzgz xmdo do~dqgoh ~md zjmcci/2; ^mgz zg~t,
k~gco idn kuuqc}glk~diw >45 z~tndo~z ~c idkrd ~mgz
zjmcci/
Cjjtuk~gcoz aw uqc,hcrdqoldo~ bcqjdz oc~ coiw
ngqdj~iw ngzqtu~ kjjdzz ~c dntjk~gco0 ~mdw kizc ~tqo
~md zjmcciz go~c ~kqhd~z/ Bcq goz~kojd) ntqgoh ~md
Kthtz~ 1557 uqdzgndo~gki didj~gcoz) kilcz~ 45$
cb ~md uciigoh z~k~gcoz xdqd icjk~dn go zjmcciz0 go
~md zkld lco~m) k rdbcin gojqdkzd go qducq~dn
gojgndo~z khkgoz~ zjmcciz xkz qdhgz~dqdn jclukqdn
~c uqgcq kon ztazd{tdo~ lco~mz/21
Ucutik~gco Lcrdldo~z
Xd lknd k agh lgz~k`d) ~md aghhdz~ lgz~k`d
TOMJQ drdq lknd Xd ~mcthm~ gb xd hkrd
mtlkog~kqgko kzzgz~kojd ~mdo lkjqc ndrdiculdo~
xctin `gj` go/
Ud~dq Ogjciktz)TOMJQ Qduqdzdo~k~grd Kbhmkogz~ko2:
^md -qduk~qgk~gco' z~qk~dhw gz kii kact~ gordz~goh go
rgiikhd,idrdi ndrdiculdo~ kj~grg~gdz go Kbhmkogz~ko)
zc xmdo ~mdw hd~ akj` ~mdw jko z~kw go~dhqk~dn kon
adjcld ukq~ cb ~md ucutik~gco ~mk~ atginz ~md bt~tqd
cb Kbhmkogz~ko/Odgi Xqghm~)
TOMJQ Qduqdzdo~k~grd) Uk`gz~ko2>
Ucutik~gco lcrdldo~z kon ngzuikjdldo~) ac~mgo~dqoki kon go~dqok~gcoki) qduqdzdo~ koc~mdq`dw gongjk~cq cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco/ Z~k~gz,
~gjki jikglz co ngzuikjdldo~ kon qdbthddz kqd) to,
ndogkaiw) mghmiw ucig~gjgvdn kon) ~mtz) {tdz~gcokaid
~c zcld d}~do~/24 Odrdq~mdidzz) ~md crdqkii ~qdonz
zgojd 1552kb~dq ~md lkzzgrd kzzgz~dn qd~tqo kon
qduk~qgk~gco ad~xddo 1551 kon 1554zmcx k
nglgogzmgoh idrdi cb rcito~kqw qduk~qgk~gco crdq
~gld) kjjclukogdn aw hqcxgoh go~dqoki ngzuikjd,
ldo~/ ^md qd~tqo ~qdon mkz nxgonidn go ~md ukz~
bctq wdkqz) xmgjm kighoz xg~m ~md gojqdkzgoh ~qdon
go go~dqoki ngzuikjdldo~ cazdqrdn zgojd 155= kon
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
13/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz ;:
gz ndzjqgadn btq~mdq adicx/ Lcqdcrdq) Uk`gz~ko kon
Gqko) ~md ikqhdq mcz~ jcto~qgdz bcq Kbhmko qdbthddz)
kqd gojqdkzgohiw utzmgoh bcq ~md qduk~qgk~gco cb
zkgn qdbthddz) kz xdii kz c~mdq Kbhmkoz xmc nc oc~
mkrd qdbthdd gndo~gjk~gco/
Qdbthddz kon Djcoclgj Lghqko~z6Kjjcqn,
goh ~c ~md Tog~dn Ok~gcoz Mghm Jcllgzzgcodqbcq Qdbthddz -TOMJQ') lcqd ~mko 4/8 lgiigco
qdbthddz>/2 lgiigco cb ~mdl xg~m TOMJQ
kzzgz~kojdmkrd qd~tqodn ~c Kbhmkogz~ko zgojd
1551) gojqdkzgoh ~md ucutik~gco cb ~md jcto~qw22
aw zcld 14$/28Wd~) :/; lgiigco qdhgz~dqdn Kbhmko
qdbthddz z~gii qdzgnd idhkiiw go Uk`gz~ko kon Gqko/
K~ k ldd~goh mdin go Ntakg go Fkotkqw 15;1) kon
~mdo khkgo k~ k ldd~goh mdin go Hdodrk go Lkw
15;1) qduqdzdo~k~grdz cb Gqko) Uk`gz~ko) Kbhmkogz~ko)
kon TOMJQ khqddn ~c k Zcit~gcoz Z~qk~dhw
kgldn k~ jqdk~goh jcong~gcoz jcontjgrd ~c rcito,
~kqw qduk~qgk~gco ~mqcthm jclltog~w gordz~ldo~z
kon uqclc~gco cb dluicwldo~ cuucq~tog~gdz/ ^md
Zcit~gcoz Z~qk~dhw mkz oc~ d}~dondn) d}uigjg~iw) ~md
~dqlz cb ~md Lkqjm 1557 qgukq~g~d Khqddldo~2=
~mk~ }dn ~md don cb ~md idhki z~kw cb Kbhmko
qdbthddz go Gqko kon Uk`gz~ko k~ ~md don cb 15;1/27
Ocod~mdidzz) g~ xkz khqddn ntqgoh k ^qgukq~g~d
ldd~goh mdin go Gz~koati go Zdu~dladq 15;1 ~mk~
k uqcuczki ~c d}~don ~md qdbthdd GN jkqnz ad jco,
zgndqdn aw ~md hcrdqoldo~ cb Uk`gz~ko/ Btq~mdq,
lcqd) kjjcqngoh ~c ~md KJKUZ qducq~) TOMJQ
z~k~dn ~mk~ Kbhmkoz go Uk`gz~ko xgii lkgo~kgo ~mdgq
qdbthdd z~k~tz qdhkqnidzz cb ~md Hcrdqoldo~ cb
Uk`gz~koz ndjgzgco/85
K~ ~md don cb Ftiw 15;1) qduqdzdo~k~grdz cb ~mdhcrdqoldo~ utaigjiw ndjikqdn ~mk~ Uk`gz~ko xgii
oc~ qdodx ~md GN jkqnz cb ~md ;/= lgiigco qdhgz,
~dqdn Kbhmko qdbthddz/
Co ~md ;8~m cb Ftiw) Mkagatiikm @mko) zdjqd~kqw go
~md Lgogz~qw cb Z~k~d kon Bqco~gdq Qdhgcoz) xkz
{tc~dn aw ~md ldngk kz zkwgoh6
^md go~dqok~gcoki jclltog~w ndzgqdz tz ~c qdrgdx
~mgz ucigjw at~ xd kqd jidkq co ~mgz ucgo~/ md
qdbthddz mkrd adjcld k ~mqdk~ ~c ikx kon cqndq)
zdjtqg~w) ndlchqkumw) djcoclw kon icjki jti~tqd/
Docthm gz docthm/ Kb~dq :; Ndjdladq 15;1)
~mdqd gz oc uiko ~c d}~don ~md rkigng~w cb ~md
UCQ Puqccb cb qdhgz~qk~gco\ jkqnz cb Kbhmko qdbt,
hddz/ mczd jtqqdo~iw qdhgz~dqdn xgii iczd ~md z~k~tz
cb qdbthddz/ ^mdw xgii ad ~qdk~dn tondq ~md ikx cb
~md ikon/ md uqcrgojgki hcrdqoldo~z mkrd kiqdknw
addo kz`dn ~c ~qdk~ ~md d}gz~goh toqdhgz~dqdn qdbt,
hddz kz giidhki gllghqko~z/8;
Umc~c6FkldzIc
ohidw/Tzdnxg~mudqlgzzgco
-
7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
14/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq;>
K zglgikq ~qdon jko ad zddo go Gqko) xmdqdbci,
icxgoh ~md qdjdo~ Dtqcudko Togco dlakqhc co
Gqkogko cgi kon ~md T/Z/ ako co atzgodzz xg~m
Gqkoz jdo~qki ako` ~mk~ qdzti~dn go ko crdqkii
ndjigod go ~md djcoclwkt~mcqg~gdz mkrd addo
bcqjgoh Kbhmko lghqko~ xcq`dqz ~c idkrd ~md
jcto~qw) qdhkqnidzz cb ~mdgq idhki z~k~tz/81
^md go~dqok~gcoki jclltog~w mkz gordz~dn mdkr,
giw go ngz~gohtgzmgoh qdbthddz bqcl djcoclgj
lghqko~z) ndzug~d ~md bkj~ ~mk~ ~md lc~grk~gco cb
ac~m zd~z cb Kbhmkoz ~c ndukq~ ~mdgq jcto~qw kqd
mghmiw jcqqdik~dn0 gozdjtqg~w zdrdqdiw kbbdj~z igrdig,
mccnz) kon gongrgntkiz kon ~mdgq mctzdmcinz xdghm
lti~guid bkj~cqz xmdo ~k`goh ~md ndjgzgco ~c idkrd
mcld/ mdqd gz drgndojd zmcxgoh mcx Kbhmkog,
z~ko) xmgid d}udqgdojgoh lkzzgrd qdbthdd qd~tqo) gz
kizc d}udqgdojgoh k zghogjko~ d}cntz/ md OQRK
jcontj~dn go 1558#5= ucgo~dn ~c k qdik~grdiw mghm
qk~d cb lkid ct~,lghqk~gco go ~md wdkq adbcqd ~md
ztqrdw/ Xmgid ;:$ cb ~md mctzdmcinz go~dqrgdxdn
aw ~md OQRK ztqrdw mctzdn ko go,lghqko~ -cod
cq lcqd mctzdmcin ldladqz xmc xdqd igrgoh
dizdxmdqd zcld~gld ntqgoh ~md rd wdkqz uqdjdn,
goh ~md ztqrdw') k qdlkq`kaid 8$ zkx k mctzdmcin
ldladq idkrd ntqgoh ~md uqdrgctz wdkq/ Kz oc~dn
aw Konqdx Ugoodw)
^md dz~glk~dn ~c~ki gllghqk~gco go ~md wdkquqdjdngoh ~md OQRK 15585= ztqrdw xkz ltjm
icxdq ~mko dlghqk~gco) kon kilcz~ drdoiw zuig~
ad~xddo lkidz kon bdlkidz/ Dlghqk~gco) co ~md
c~mdq mkon) xkz zghogjko~iw mghmdq kon uqdnclg,
oko~iw lkid) xg~m ko dz~glk~dn ;/8: lgiigco
lkidz kon ;;:)555 bdlkidz idkrgoh Kbhmkogz~ko
go ~md wdkq adbcqd ~md mctzdmcinz xdqd dotldqk~dn
bcq ~md 15585= OQRK Pgo crdq mkib cb ~md jkzdz
~c qdkjm Gqko\/^mgz tondqzjcqdz ~mk~ ~md Kbhmko
ucutik~gco xkz) bcq ~md qdbdqdojd udqgcn cb ~mgzkokiwzgz) z~gii rdqw lcagid xg~m zghogjko~ otl,
adqz cb Kbhmkoz lcrgoh go cq ct~ cb Kbhmkogz~ko
gofitdojdn aw rkqgctz bkj~cqz gojitngoh nqcthm~)
gozdjtqg~w kon qduk~qgk~gco dbbcq~z aw Gqko kon
Uk`gz~ko/8:
Btq~mdqlcqd) go qdzucozd ~c ~md qd~tqo cudqk,
~gcoz bqcl Uk`gz~ko kon Gqko co cod zgnd) kon ~c
~md gojqdkzdn goz~kagig~w go Kbhmkogz~ko co ~md
c~mdq) ko gojqdkzgoh otladq cb Kbhmkoz) ndzudqk~d
bcq xcq` kon zdjtqg~w) kqd ukwgoh ~c hd~ akj` go~c
Gqko kon Uk`gz~ko) xmdqd ~mdw kqd cb~do oc icohdq
qdjchogvdn kz qdbthddz) at~ qk~mdq kz -giidhki'
djcoclgj lghqko~z/ Kjjcqngoh ~c Mdk~mdq Akqq)
Mtlko Qghm~z Xk~jmz Kbhmkogz~ko qduqdzdo~k~grd)
~mdqd kqd hqctuz cb tu ~c ;)555 udcuid adgoh
zlthhidn akj` go~c Gqko6 ~mgz gz d}~qkcqngokqw
lcodw hcgoh ~c zlthhidqz) xmgjm gz oc~ hccn bcq
zdjtqg~w co ~md kiqdknw rcik~gid acqndq/8>
Go knng~gco) ~md 15;; gontz~qgkigvdn jcto~qw kzwitlnk~k oc~dz k :5$ gojqdkzd go kzwitl kuuigjk~gcoz
bqcl Kbhmkoz bqcl 15;5 ~c 15;;) lcz~iw ~cxkqnz
Hdqlkow kon tq`dw/84 ^mgz ~qdon jcoqlz Kb,
hmkoz xgiigohodzz ~c idkrd ~md jcto~qw -cq krcgn
qd~tqogoh ~c g~') kon zmcxz mcx zghogjko~iw Uk`g,
z~ko kon Gqko mkrd icz~ ~mdgq kuudki kz k ndz~gok~gco
bcq Kbhmko lghqk~gco) kz k ucig~gjki lcldo~tl gz
atgingoh go ac~m jcto~qgdz bcq ~md qd~tqo cb qd,
lkgogoh qdbthdd ucutik~gcoz/ ^mgz ~qdon cb gojqdkz,
goh kzwitl jikglz ~cxkqnz gontz~qgkigvdn jcto~qgdz
gz cb ukq~gjtikq jcojdqo adjktzd g~ gz ikqhdiw jcl,
uczdn cb tokjjclukogdn Kbhmko lgocqz/
Rcito~kqw Qduk~qgk~gco) Ikonidzzodzz) kon Tqako
Ngzuikjdldo~6 TOMJQ mkz) bcq ndjkndz) bkjgig,
~k~dn rcito~kqw qduk~qgk~gco ~mk~) go 1551) xkz
qkludn tu zghogjko~iw kz ~md uqczudj~ cb udkjd
dokaidn qd~tqo/ Xg~mgo ~md qz~ wdkq) kqcton ~xc
lgiigco qdbthddz mkn qd~tqodn bqcl Uk`gz~ko kon
111)555 bqcl Gqko kon c~mdq odghmacqgoh jcto,
~qgdz0 =5$ cb ~mdzd qd~tqoddz jkld bqcl tqakokqdkz qk~mdq ~mko jkluz/82 Go 155:) ~mdqd xdqd
kqcton >8:)555 qd~tqoddz) kon ~mdo otladqz z~k,
agigvdn k~ kqcton ;45)555 udq wdkq bcq ~md bciicx,
goh bctq wdkqz/88
Go 155=) lcqd ~mko 188)555 Kbhmko qdbthddz qduk,
~qgk~dn) ikqhdiw bqcl Uk`gz~kontd ~c ~md jicztqd
cb ~xc cb ~md ikqhdz~ jkluz aw ~md Uk`gz~kog hcr,
dqoldo~kon) ~c k idzzdq d}~do~) Gqko/ mk~ zkld
wdkq TOMJQ z~k~dn6 ^md dqk cb lkzz rcito~kqwqd~tqo cb Kbhmko qdbthddz gz crdq/8= ^md otladq
cb qd~tqoddz) gonddn) uqchqdzzgrdiw ndjqdkzdn go
~md bciicxgoh wdkqz6 go 1557) ~md qd~tqoddz xdqd
48)555 -cb xmgjm 4;)555 bqcl Uk`gz~ko'0 go 15;5)
~mdw xdqd ;;=)525 -;57)>55 cb xmcl bqcl Uk`g,
z~ko'087 go 15;;) TOMJQ jcto~dn 8;)155 Kbhmko
qd~tqogoh qdbthddz/=5
^mtz) xmgid k jdq~kgo rkqgkagig~w d}gz~z bqcl wdkq
~c wdkq) k ndjqdkzgoh ~qdon zddlz ~c ad go uikjd)
zghokigoh) cojd khkgo) ~mk~ Kbhmkogz~ko gz oc~
udqjdgrdn kz zkbd cq kuudkigoh ~c ~md lgiigcoz cb
Kbhmkoz qdbthddz z~gii igrgoh go jkluz kon tqako
-
7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
15/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz ;4
kqdkz go ~md odghmacqgoh jcto~qgdz/ TOMJQ
g~zdib qdjchogvdz ~mk~ qd~tqoddz hdodqkiiw qdlkgo
go tqhdo~ oddn cb jco~gotgoh mtlkog~kqgko kz,
zgz~kojd) kon ~mk~ ztz~kgokaid qdgo~dhqk~gco gz
adjclgoh mkqndq ~c kjmgdrd ntd ~c k jclagok~gco
cb gozdjtqg~w) iglg~dn igrdigmccn cuucq~tog~gdz) kon
dqczgco go kzwitl jcong~gcoz go ~md odghmacqgoh
jcto~qgdz/=;
TOMJQ mkz kizc gndo~gdn ~mk~qd~tqoddz kz xdii kz c~mdq jclltog~w ldladqz
udqjdgrd ~mdlzdirdz ~c ad lcqd rtiodqkaid ~mko
c~mdq jclltog~w ldladqz) kjjcqngoh ~c ~md
15;; TOMJQ Zokuzmc~ Ztqrdw/ Qd~tqoddz bkqd
xcqzd co k otladq cb ldkztqdz) go ukq~gjtikq)
qdik~dn ~c kjjdzz ~c akzgj zdqrgjdz) igrdigmccnz) kon
ikon ~dotqd#zmdi~dq/
Kukq~ bqcl rcito~kqw qduk~qgk~gco) ~mdqd kqd kizc
lkzzgrd nducq~k~gcoz cb Kbhmkoz nddldn ~c ad
giidhki lghqko~z xmc kqd lcz~iw zgohid lkidz/ Go
Gqko) bcq goz~kojd) xmgid zcld uqchqdzz ~cxkqnz k
lkokhdn ikacq#lghqk~gco ucigjw aw ~md hcrdqo,
ldo~ cb ~md Gziklgj Qdutaigj cb Gqko mkz addo
lknd -xg~m =55)555 xcq` rgzkz qdjdgrdn aw
Kbhmkoz go ~md ikz~ ;1 lco~mz') Gqko jco~gotdz
~c d}~don oc,hc kqdkz bcq qdbthddz kon ~c nd,
ucq~ toncjtldo~dn djcoclgj lghqko~z akj` ~c
Kbhmkogz~ko6 155)555 ztjm lghqko~z xdqd bcqjgaiw
nducq~dn go 1557)=1 kon lcqd ~mko 1;;)555 xdqd
nducq~dn go 15;;) co ~md hqctonz ~mk~ ~mdw xdqddjcoclgj lghqko~z goz~dkn cb qdbthddz/=: Kjjcqn,
goh ~c TOMJQ nducq~k~gco nk~k)=> nducq~k~gcoz
bqcl Gqko kqd zighm~iw idzz go 15;1 jclukqdn ~c ~md
ikz~ rd wdkqz/ Ocod~mdidzz) xg~m ;8>)555 qdjcqndn
nducq~k~gcoz kz cb Zdu~dladq 15;1) ~md otladq gz
z~gii zghogjko~/
^md rd kon k mkib lgiigco Kbhmko qdbthddz xmc
mkrd qd~tqodn zgojd 1551 bkjd zdrdqd jmkiidohdz
~mk~ qdjdgrd iglg~dn k~~do~gco bqcl ~md go~dqok,~gcoki jclltog~w/ K qz~ gzztd gz ~mk~ cb ikonidzz,
odzz6 75$ cb qdjdo~ qd~tqoddz kon ~mczd idb~ go
Uk`gz~ko mkrd oc jikgl ~c ikon cq uqcudq~w/=4 Drdo
bcq ~mczd qd~tqoddz xmc idb~ k uic~ cb ikon xmdo
~mdw qz~ fidn ~md jcto~qw) ikon cjjtuk~gco kon
jco~qcrdqzgdz jcojdqogoh ikon ~dotqd qduqdzdo~ k
lkfcq gzztd/ KQDT dz~glk~dz ~mk~ k~ idkz~ 45$ cb
Kbhmkogz~koz ikon ~dotqd gz oc~ bcqlkigvdn/=2
Ukq~iw igo`dn ~c ikonidzzodzz kon ikon,cxodqzmgu
gzztdz) qkugn kon toztz~kgokaid tqakogvk~gco) go,
jitngoh hqcxgoh otladqz cb ngzuikjdn go tqako
jdo~dqz) gz bkz~ adjclgoh cod cb ~md lcz~ jqg~gjki
~qdonz ~mk~ giitz~qk~d ndlchqkumgj jmkohd xmgid
jco~qgat~goh ~c ~md ikqhdq uqcaidl cb rtiodqkagig~w
go Kbhmkogz~ko/
^md tqakogvk~gco qk~d go Kbhmkogz~ko gz uqcfdj~dn
~c ad kqcton >/8$ ad~xddo 15;5 kon 15;4/ Zgojd
~md bkii cb ~md ^kigako qdhgld) @katiz ucutik~gco
hqcx~m go ukq~gjtikq mkz addo z~khhdqgoh6 xmgidgo 155; ~md ucutik~gco xkz ad~xddo 455)555
kon ; lgiigco) go 15;5 g~ xkz kiqdknw -kjjcqngoh
~c jcozdqrk~grd dz~glk~dz' kqcton >/4 lgiigco/=8
Tqakogvk~gco gz zghogjko~iw nqgrdo aw zdjconkqw
ngzuikjdldo~ cb qd~tqogoh qdbthddz6 kjjcqngoh ~c
TOMJQ) ad~xddo 15 kon :5$ cb qd~tqodn qdbt,
hddz xdqd bcqjdn go~c zdjconkqw go~dqoki ngzuikjd,
ldo~ go ~md rd wdkqz idkngoh tu ~c 15;5/==
Koc~mdq qdkzco bcq jcojdqo dldqhgoh bqcl ~md
mghm otladq cb qd~tqoddz gz ~md bkj~ ~mk~) gb qduk,
~qgk~gcoz#nducq~k~gcoz jco~gotd) Kbhmkogz~ko xgii
kizc iczd ko glucq~ko~ zctqjd cb qdrdotd) xg~m
jkzjkngoh dbbdj~z co ~md jcto~qwz djcoclw kon
co gongrgntki mctzdmcinz/ Kjjcqngoh ~c qdzdkqjm
aw ~md Go~dqok~gcoki Bton bcq Khqgjti~tqki Ndrdi,
culdo~ -GBKN') ~md wdkqiw klcto~ cb qdlg~~kojdz
zdo~ ~c Kbhmkogz~ko gz kuuqc}glk~diw TZ.:/:
agiigco)=7 d{tgrkido~ ~c crdq ;2$ cb Kbhmkogz~koz
HNU/ ^md bkii go ~md rkitd cb ~md Gqkogko qgki gz
mkrgoh k zglgikq dbbdj~/
Go~dqoki Ngzuikjdldo~6 md otladq cb go~dqokiiw
ngzuikjdn udqzcoz -GNUz' go ~md jcto~qw mkz addo
qgzgoh zghogjko~iw crdq ~md ikz~ bctq wdkqz6 ~md
155= JKU qdbdqz ~c zcld 1:1)555 GNUz) k otladq
~mk~ qdlkgodn qcthmiw ~md zkld go 1557/ Mcx,
drdq) GNU otladqz mkn hqcxo ~c >:4)>:2 go 15;;)
kon btq~mdq) ~c >>4)=42 k~ ~md don cb Zdu~dladq
15;1075 kjjcqngoh ~c TOMJQ htqdz jg~dn go
TOKLKz 15;1 Lgn,Wdkq Qdrgdx) jcofigj~,gontjdn ngzuikjdldo~ go 15;1 gz ;>$ mghmdq ~mko
go ~md zkld udqgcn ikz~ wdkq/7;
Kjjcqngoh ~c ~md Tog~dn Ok~gcoz Kzzgz~kojd
Lgzzgco go Kbhmkogz~ko -TOKLK' kon ~md TO
Cbjd cb ~md Mghm Jcllgzzgcodq bcq Mtlko
Qghm~z -TO,CMJMQ' kootki qducq~ co ~md
uqc~dj~gco cb jgrgigkoz) ~md lcz~ jcllcoiw jg~dn
qdkzcoz bcq jcofigj~ gontjdn ngzuikjdldo~ xkz
kqldn jcofigj~) gojitngoh jqczz acqndq zmdiigoh)
ngzut~dz crdq hqkvgoh ikonz kon lgig~kqw cudqk,
~gcoz/71 Go ~mdcqw) jtqqdo~ lcog~cqgoh cb go~dqoki
ngzuikjdldo~ gojitndz ~mczd igrgoh go ~md tqako
-
7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
16/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq;2
kon udqg,tqako kqdkz ~mk~ lkow kokiwz~z mkrd
ucgo~dn ct~ ~c ad k uqglkqw ndz~gok~gco bcq GNUz
kon qdbthddz qd~tqogoh ~c Kbhmkogz~ko/7:
Mcxdrdq) TOMJQ jidkqiw z~k~dz go g~z qducq~z co
GNUz ~mk~ go tqako kqdkz GNUz kqd gongz~gohtgzm,
kaid bqcl ~md lkzzdz cb tqako uccq) kon ~md
jtqqdo~ nk~k d}jitndz ~mczd ngzuikjdn go tqako)zdlg,tqako kqdkz kz xdii kz ~mczd ngzuikjdn go oco,
kjjdzzgaid gozdjtqd icjk~gcoz kon ncdz oc~ ~qkj`
gongrgntki cq mctzdmcin lcrdldo~z)7> kon ~mk~
~md kazdojd cb ~gldiw gobcqlk~gco co GNUz ngz,
uikjdn xg~mgo jcofigj~ vcodz mkz k jqg~gjki glukj~
co kow uczzgaid mtlkog~kqgko qdnqdzz cb lk~dqgki
kzzgz~kojd kon c~mdq uqc~dj~gco oddnz/
Bcq ~mdzd qdkzcoz) lkow adigdrd ~mk~ TOMJQ
cbjgki htqdz tondq,qduqdzdo~ ~md lkhog~tnd cb
bcqjdn ngzuikjdldo~6 ntd ~c ichgz~gjki kon zdjtqg~w
jcoz~qkgo~z) GNU uqcigoh kon lcog~cqgoh dbbcq~z
go Kbhmkogz~ko bkii bkq zmcq~ cb xmdqd ~mdw zmctin
ad~md qdkig~w gz ~mk~ GNU nk~k kqd rdqw iglg~dn
kon ~mdqdbcqd ~md tondqz~kongoh cb uqc~dj~gco kon
mtlkog~kqgko kzzgz~kojd oddnz gz xdk /
Lkow GNUz mkrd dondn tu go zdjconkqw ngzuikjd,
ldo~6 kjjcqngoh ~c k 15;; qducq~ aw ~md Go~dq,
oki Ngzuikjdldo~ Lcog~cqgoh Jdo~dq -GNLJ'0
45 udq jdo~ cb GNUz xmc mkrd fidn xg~mgo ~mdgquqcrgojd kon ko d{tki otladq xmc mkrd fidn
btq~mdq kdin mkrd ~dondn ~c zdd` uqc~dj~gco kon
igrdigmccnz go tqako kqdkz) xmdqd ~mdw mkrd cb~do
dondn tu go k z~k~d cb uqc~qkj~dn ngzuikjdldo~/74
^md lkfcqg~w cb ~mdzd tqako ngzuikjdn igrd go
lgzdqkaid jcong~gcozki~mcthm g~ gz xdii ucz,
zgaid) kjjcqngoh ~c ~md krkgikaid drgndojd) ~mk~
ztjm jcong~gcoz kqd z~gii ad~~dq ~mko ~mczd cb ~mdqtqki ngzuikjdngojitngoh ~md kazdojd cb uqcudq
zkog~k~gco/ Kjjcqngoh ~c k z~tnw jcontj~dn aw
Kj~gco Jco~qd ik Bkgl -KJB' go @kati Gobcqlki
Zd~~idldo~z -@GZ' go 15;5) ~md lkgo mtlkog~kq,
gko oddnz cb ~md zd~~idqz xdqd6 -k' ~md ikj` cb xk~dq
kon zkog~k~gco) kon lcqd hdodqkiiw ~md nduicqkaid
mwhgdod zg~tk~gco) xg~m qtaagzm zddo drdqwxmdqd0
-a' ko didrk~dn uqdrkidojd cb ngzdkzd klcohz~ ~md
ucutik~gco ntd ~c iglg~dn kjjdzz ~c mdki~m bk,
jgig~gdz -~mko`z go ukq~ ~c iglg~dn cq ocod}gz~do~
mdki~m z~qtj~tqdz jiczd ~c ~md @GZ' kon ~md gojk,
ukjg~w ~c kbbcqn ldngjgodz cq jcozti~k~gco bddz0 -j'
~md ikj` cb bccn0 kon) crdqkii) -n' ~md todluicw,
ldo~ cb ~md rkz~ lkfcqg~w cb ~md ldo igrgoh go ~md
zd~~idldo~z/72 Ndzug~d rkqgctz z~tngdz co GNUz go
tqako kqdkz go 15;5 kon 15;;78 kon ~md dz~kaigzm,
ldo~ cb k @GZ ^kz` Bcqjd go 15;;) ~md zg~tk~gco
go ~md @GZ xkz oc~ mghm co ~md uqgcqg~w igz~ cb kgn
khdojgdz to~gi dkqiw 15;1) xmdo qducq~z cb ncvdoz
cb jmginqdo bqddvgoh ~c ndk~m lknd mdknigodz go
~md go~dqok~gcoki ldngk/
Bghtqd >6Odx Jcofigj~,gontjdn Ngzuikjdldo~ -Zctqjd6 TOMJQ) Ftiw 15;17='
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
17/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz ;8
Glukj~ cb Ok~tqkiNgzkz~dqz co Rtiodqkagig~w
^md lkgo jktzdz cb Kbhmkogz~koz rtiodqkagig~wngzjtzzdn zc bkq kqd qdik~dn ~c ~md crdq :5wdkqz cb jcofigj~) xmgjm mkrd xdk`dodn goz~g~t,
~gcoz) mkludqdn djcoclgj hqcx~m) kon qdntjdn
~md qdzgigdojd cb jclltog~gdz/ ^md qgz`z kzzcjgk~dnxg~m qct~god ok~tqki mkvkqn drdo~z kqd ko knng,
~gcoki kon khhqkrk~goh bkj~cq/
Kbhmkogz~ko gz uqcod ~c ok~tqki mkvkqn,kzzcjgk~dn
ngzkz~dqz6 g~ zg~z co lkfcq bkti~ igodz ~mk~ ~qghhdq
bqd{tdo~ dkq~m{tk`dz/ Kbhmkogz~ko gz kizc qdhtikqiw
kbbdj~dn aw ficcnz) nqcthm~z) kon zdrdqd xgo,
~dq xdk~mdq/ mdzd mkvkqnz kqd jcluctondn aw
~md bkj~ ~mk~) ntd ~c ~md uqc~qkj~dn jcofigj~) ~md
jcto~qw mkz bdx ldkoz kon ldjmkogzlz go uikjd~c lg~ghk~d qgz`z cq ~c uqdukqd bcq kon qdzucon ~c
dldqhdojgdz/
^md jcto~qwz rtiodqkagig~w ~c ndzdq~gjk~gco gz
cod cb ~md mghmdz~ go ~md xcqin/ Biccngoh kon
ltnzigndz kqd bqd{tdo~) ukq~gjtikqiw xmdo zocx
z~kq~z ldi~goh cq hikjgki ik`dz ztnndoiw atqz~) jktz,
goh ndz~qtj~grd fikzm ficcnz/ Uqcicohdn nqcthm~)
ntz~ z~cqlz) kon d}~qdld xgo~dq jcong~gcoz jko
kizc xqdk` d}~dozgrd nklkhd/ Kjjcqngoh ~c k
qducq~ aw ~md Dtqcudko Jcllgzzgco) coiw ;1$cb ~md ikon kqdk gz ztg~kaid bcq jti~grk~gco go Kb,
hmkogz~ko) kon ~mgz gz ikqhdiw ntd ~c ~md nklkhdz
gofigj~dn aw ~md jcofigj~ -gojitngoh nklkhdz ~c
gqqghk~gco zwz~dlz kon ~md uqdzdojd cb ikonlgodz
kon tod}uicndn cqnokojd'/77
^mdzd uqcaidlz) jctuidn xg~m ndlchqkumgj uqdz,
ztqdz) mkrd qdntjdn ~md kqkaid ikon udq jkug~k bqcl
5/44 mk udq jkug~k go ;7=5 ~c 5/14 mk go 1558/
Ztjm uqdzztqdz) go ~tqo) jclagodn xg~m gzztdz goikon ~dotqd) mkrd utzmdn lkow Kbhmkoz ~c igrd go
ngzkz~dq,uqcod icjk~gcoz/
^mdqd gz ko krdqkhd cb zcld dghm~ cq lcqd zghog,
jko~ ngzkz~dqz udq wdkq/ ^md ngzuikjdldo~ jktzdn
aw ok~tqki ngzkz~dqz gz kizc zghogjko~6 kjjcqngoh
~c ~md Dldqhdojw Drdo~z Nk~kakzd) ko krdqkhd
cb 475)555 udcuid kqd kbbdj~dn aw ztjm ngzkz~dqz
drdqw wdkq/;55
Gordz~ldo~ go ngzkz~dq lg~ghk~gco kon qgz` qdntj,
~gco mkz addo mkludqdn aw ~md jco~gotk~gco cb
~md jcofigj~ kon uccq hcrdqokojd kon xdk` cq
jcqqtu~ goz~g~t~gcoz/ md go~dqok~gcoki jclltog~w
mkz addo ukwgoh gojqdkzgoh k~~do~gco ~c ~md xkwz
go xmgjm ngzkz~dqz kzzcjgk~dn xg~m ok~tqki mkvkqn
drdo~z kqd uqdjgug~k~goh kjt~d rtiodqkagig~w6 ~mgz
gz jidkqiw qdfidj~dn go ~md Jcozcignk~dn Kuudkiz)
xmgjm mkrd addo lk`goh gojqdkzgoh qdbdqdojd
~c ztjm ngzkz~dqz go qdjdo~ ~gldz/ Mcxdrdq) ~md
qdodxdn k~~do~gco ~c ok~tqki ngzkz~dqz gz zddoaw zcld qdigdb udqzcoodi kz k ldkoz ~c ndfidj~
k~~do~gco bqcl lko,lknd ngzkz~dqz/ Bqcl ~mgz
udqzudj~grd) ncocqz kon zcld ukq~z cb ~md TO
jcozgndq ~mk~ rtiodqkagig~w ~c ok~tqki ngzkz~dqz gz
lcqd ukik~kaid) kz g~ ~z xg~m ~md okqqk~grd ~mk~
jcofigj~ gz oc~ k lkfcq zctqjd cb mtlkog~kqgko
oddn kon ~mk~ ~md qdlkgogoh mtlkog~kqgko gzztdz
jko ad ndki~ xg~m ~mqcthm ~djmogjki }dz kon
icoh,~dql ndrdiculdo~ go~dqrdo~gcoz/
-
7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
18/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq;=
Wdz) xd kii `ocx ~mk~ uqc~dj~gco gz glucq~ko~) at~
`ocxgoh xmk~ ~c nc kact~ g~ gz zcld~mgoh ngbbdqdo~/Kgn xcq dq) @kati) Ftod 15;1
Jclukqdn xg~m uqdrgctz ndjkndz) ~md uighm~ cb jg,rgigkoz gz adgoh lknd `ocxo lcqd bcqjdbtiiw aw ~md
ldngk kon jgrgi zcjgd~w kon ~md GJQJ mkz addo
kaid ~c qkgzd g~z jcojdqoz lcqd ngqdj~iw kon jkongniw
xg~m ~md rkqgctz ukq~gdz ~c ~md jcofigj~ xmc mkrd
zmcxo k hqdk~dq xgiigohodzz ~c igz~do ~c tz kon ~c
bciicx jdq~kgo qdjclldonk~gcoz xd mkrd lknd jco,
jdqogoh ~md jcontj~ cb mcz~gig~gdz/Qd~c Z~cj`dq) GJQJ Mdkn cb Ndidhk~gco) @kati)
Cj~cadq =) 15;1;5;
Go ~md uqdrgctz zdj~gco xd icc`dn k~ k otladqcb gongjk~cqz ~mk~ uqcrgnd k {tko~g~k~grd ugj,~tqd cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko zg~tk~gco go Kbhmkogz~ko/
^mgz gojitndn k qdrgdx cb ~md jkiklg~ctz dbbdj~z
cb xdk~mdq kon c~mdq ngzkz~dq,qdik~dn drdo~z go k
jcto~qw go jcofigj~) xmdqd lcqd ~mko k ~mgqn cb
~md ucutik~gco z~qthhidz xg~m jmqcogj rtiodq,
kagig~w kon uqcbcton idrdiz cb ucrdq~w/ Xd ocx
~tqo ~c ~md uqc~dj~gco ngldozgco cb mtlkog~kqgkokj~gco/ Uqc~dj~gco ndjg~z kqd oc~) kixkwz) dkzw ~c
{tko~gbw at~ ldkztqdz ~c domkojd ~md zkbd~w kon
nghog~w cb k~,qgz` hqctuz kqd jqg~gjki ~c dbbdj~grd
mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco/
Kzzgz~kojd mkz kixkwz addo k~ ~md bcqdbqco~ cb ~md
ndjkndz cb mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco go Kbhmkogz~ko
kon mkz lkgoiw bcjtzdn co ~md lk~dqgki oddnz cb
Kbhmkoz go ngz~qdzz/ Xg~m k bdx d}jdu~gcoz) ztjm
kz ~md xcq` cb GJQJ kon TOMJQ) ~md uqc~dj,~gco oddnz cb Kbhmkoz xdqd lcz~iw ghocqdn k~ ~md
z~qk~dhgj) kz xdii kz ~md cudqk~gcoki) idrdi/ mgz xkz
~md jkzd to~gi qdik~grdiw qdjdo~iw) xmdo uqc~dj,
~gco adjkld k qct~god didldo~ cb crdqkii kokiwzgz
kon uqchqkl ndzgho/ Ocod~mdidzz) ~mdqd jco~gotdz
~c ad zghogjko~ jcobtzgco kz ~c xmk~ jcoz~g~t~dz
uqc~dj~gco go ~md jco~d}~ cb mtlkog~kqgko kj,
~gco) oc~xg~mz~kongoh ko khqddn ndog~gco kon
jcozgndqkaid gordz~ldo~ go ~qkgogoh go Kbhmkogz~ko
kon dizdxmdqd/;51 ^md bcqlki ndog~gco gz xgndiw
zddo kz jcojdu~tkiiw zcton at~ ikj`z uqdjgzgco)~mdqdaw jcluigjk~goh g~z ~qkozik~gco go~c gog~gk~grdz
kon uqchqklz ~mk~ kqd uqc~dj~grd go ~md zdozd cb
qdntjgoh cq diglgok~goh ~mqdk~z ~c ~md zkbd~w kon
nghog~w cb k~,qgz` hqctuz/
^mqdk~z ~mk~ tondqlgod ~md zkbd~w cb Kbhmkoz
gojitnd ~md ngqdj~ glukj~ cb ~md xkq co jgrgigkoz)ztjm kz ~md gongzjqglgok~d tzd cb gluqcrgzdn d},
uiczgrd ndrgjdz) kgq z~qg`dz) oghm~ qkgnz) kon gorci,
to~kqw ngzuikjdldo~/ ^mqdk~z jko kizc ad zctqjdn
~c ~md gongqdj~ kon kjjtltik~dn glukj~ cb xkqbkqd)
gojitngoh hdodqkigvdn gozdjtqg~w) ikxidzzodzz) kon
qdz~qgj~dn cq oc kjjdzz ~c mtlkog~kqgko uqchqklz
kon c~mdq dzzdo~gki zdqrgjdz/ Go knng~gco) rtiodq,
kagig~w jko cjjtq cq ad d}kjdqak~dn kz k qdzti~ cb
ngzkz~dq,qdik~dn hdondq,akzdn rgcidojd) qdbctidldo~)
ngzjqglgok~gco) kon lkqhgokigvk~gco cq oco,gojit,
zgco go ~md mtlkog~kqgko jkzdickn/
Cb jctqzd) qdigdb kj~cqz ~don ~c mkrd k iglg~dn jk,
ukjg~w ~c z~cu cq gomgag~ rgcido~ cq katzgrd admkr,
gcq go kqldn jcofigj~ cq jmkc~gj zd~~gohz/ Mcxdrdq)
g~ gz d{tkiiw jidkq ~mk~) k~ k lgogltl) mtlkog~kqg,
koz oddn ~c krcgn adgoh jcluigjg~ go tondqlgogoh
~md zkbd~w kon xdii,adgoh cb donkohdqdn hqctuz
kon ltz~ z~qgrd ~c domkojd uqc~dj~gco xmdo igrdz
kqd k~ qgz`/ ^mtz) uqc~dj~grd mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco
gorcirdz ko crdqkii mtlkog~kqgko z~qk~dhw akzdn cozcton kokiwzgz ~mk~ jidkqiw gndo~gdz jqgzgz,qdik~dn
uk~~dqoz cb mkql) gojitngoh katzgrd cq rgcido~
admkrgcq) ngzjqglgok~gco) kon tonghogdn igrgoh
jcong~gcoz/ K uqc~dj~gco idoz zmctin gobcql)
kon ad ukq~ cb) ~md crdqkii mtlkog~kqgko qdzucozd
k~ ~md z~qk~dhgj kon uqchqkllk~gj idrdiz/ Bqcl ~mgz
udqzudj~grd) drdqwcodgorcirdn go k mtlkog~kqgko
dondkrcq mkz k uqc~dj~gco qdzucozgagig~w/
Go Kbhmkogz~ko) ~mdqd mkz addo zghogjko~ gordz~,
ldo~ go ndrdicugoh k uqc~dj~gco gobqkz~qtj~tqdk
ndngjk~dn jitz~dq xg~m zta,jitz~dqz) kon c~mdq
bcqk) gojitngoh ~md Mtlkog~kqgko Jcto~qw ^dkl
-MJ^');5: xmdqd uqc~dj~gco gzztdz kqd ngzjtzzdn
~c bkjgig~k~d jccqngok~gco klcoh qdigdb kj~cqz kon
go~dqkj~gco xg~m c~mdqz ztjm kz ~md hcrdqoldo~
kon ~md GZKB/ Mtlkog~kqgko uqc~dj~gco ldjmk,
ogzlz kon uikw ko glucq~ko~ qcid go aqgohgoh ~c,
hd~mdq jcojdqodn z~k`dmcindqz ~c qdrgdx qdidrko~
gzztdz kz xdii kz ~md gndo~gjk~gco cb uqdrdo~grd cq
qdldngki kj~gco/ Ztjm uqc~dj~gco,bcjtzdn ldjmk,ogzlz kqd kj~grd ~mqcthmct~ ltjm cb ~md jcto~qw
xg~m ~md d}jdu~gco cb ~md zct~mdqo kon zct~mdkz~,
:/ MD UQC^DJ^GCO JMKIIDOHD
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
19/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz ;7
dqo qdhgcoz) hgrdo ~md iglg~dn cudqk~gcoki uqdz,
dojd cb qdigdb khdojgdz go ~mdzd kqdkz/ ^mdqd mkrd
kizc addo glucq~ko~ z~q gndz go ~md ndrdiculdo~ cb
ucigjw) ztjm kz Jgrgi,Lgig~kqw Htgndigodz) kon go
~md ndzgho kon ndigrdqw cb k lti~g~tnd cb ~qkgogoh
kon zdozg~gvk~gco uqchqklz/ Jccqngok~gco bcqk kizc
bkjgig~k~d gobcqlk~gco,zmkqgoh kon nk~k jciidj~gco
kon kokiwzgz) kz xdii kz ~md uqcigoh cb zudjgjuqc~dj~gco gzztdz/
Mcxdrdq) ~md ucig~gjz kon nwoklgjz cb ~md cu,
dqk~goh dorgqcoldo~) mghm z~kbb ~tqocrdq) kon k
qdik~grdiw xdk` mtlkog~kqgko jclltog~w ~mk~ gz
btq~mdq jcoz~qkgodn aw iglg~dn kjjdzz kon zdjtqg~w
jcojdqoz kbbdj~ ~md kagig~w cb khdojgdz ~c kj~t,
kiiw knnqdzz kon lg~ghk~d ~md uqc~dj~gco uqcaidlz
bkjdn aw ~mczd xmc jcoz~g~t~d ~md mtlkog~kqgko
jkzdickn/ Bqd{tdo~iw) z~qtj~tqd kon uqcjdzz ~k`d
uqdjdndojd crdq ztaz~kojd) kokiwzgz) kon dbbdj~grd
go~dqrdo~gco/ Lkow mtlkog~kqgkoz go~dqrgdxdn bcq
~mgz qducq~) gojitngoh ndngjk~dn uqc~dj~gco z~kbb)
kqd jcojdqodn ~mk~ ~mdqd gz k qditj~kojd ~c kj,
`ocxidnhd uqcaidlz ~mk~ mkrd zghogjko~ uqc~dj,
~gco gluigjk~gcoz) xmgid k rkz~ klcto~ cb ~gld gz
zudo~ co gog~gk~grdz -ztjm kz ~md ndrdiculdo~ cb
k Fcgo~ Kjjdzz Z~qk~dhw cq knrcjkjw gog~gk~grdz'
~mk~ nc oc~ ndigrdq cq kqd kakoncodn xg~mct~ ~md
kj~tki uqcaidl adgoh knnqdzzdn/
Kz dizdxmdqd) uqc~dj~gco jcojdqoz kqd kzzcjgk~dn
xg~m ukq~gjtikq hqctuz ztjm kz qdbthddz) qd~tqo,
ddz) ~mczd ztafdj~dn ~c jcdqjdn qduk~qgk~gco) GNUz)
xkq,kbbdj~dn jclltog~gdz) jmgin zcingdqz) tokj,
jclukogdn lgocqz) d~j/ Mcxdrdq) xmgid k bcjtz
co ukq~gjtikq hqctuz lkw ad tzdbti bcq jccqngok~,
goh) uqchqkllgoh) kon bton,qkgzgoh utquczdz) g~
qtoz ~md qgz` cb utqztgoh k ugdjdldki kuuqckjm
kon ~md hdodqk~gco cb nwzbtoj~gcokig~gdz ~mk~ qto
jcto~dq ~c uqgojguidn kon dbbdj~grd mtlkog~kqgkokj~gco/ Go ukq~gjtikq) ~mdqd gz k nkohdq ~mk~ ~mczd
xmc kqd lcz~ k~ qgz` kqd oc~ kixkwz gndo~gdn
cq uqgcqg~gvdn/ Go Kbhmkogz~ko) iglg~dn kjjdzz kon
goknd{tk~d jcrdqkhd cb ~mczd go oddn kqd zgh,
ogjko~ uqcaidlz0 ~mdzd kqd jcluctondn aw ko
toqdzcirdn ndak~d co oddnz,kzzdzzldo~ ~cciz kon
~md ok~tqd kon jclukqkagig~w cb krkgikaid nk~k/ Ko
gojcluid~d ugj~tqd cb oddnz kon rtiodqkagig~gdz
gorkqgkaiw tondqlgodz uqgcqg~gvk~gco/ mgz) go ~tqo)
jcluigjk~dz qdzctqjd lcagigvk~gco kon ~md kagig~w
cb mtlkog~kqgkoz ~c knrcjk~d kzzdq~grdiw co told~
oddnz) gojitngoh go qdik~gco ~c uqc~dj~gco/
Oc~xg~mz~kongoh ~md ndagig~k~goh kon ~gld,jco,
ztlgoh ngzjctqzdz co nk~k kon oddnz kzzdzzldo~z)
~md qdigdb jclltog~w mkz k uqd~~w hccn tondq,
z~kongoh cb ~md cqghgoz) nqgrdqz) kon qklgjk~gcoz
cb ndjkndz cb jcofigj~ kon ~md bkj~cqz ~mk~ zmkud
jmqcogj kon kjt~d rtiodqkagig~w/ To{tdz~gco,
kaiw) hqdk~dq uqdjgzgco co bkz~,jmkohgoh qdkig~gdz
go bqco~igod kon c~mdq xkq,kbbdj~dn jclltog~gdzxctin bkjgig~k~d uqcigoh cb uqc~dj~gco kon lk~d,
qgki oddnz) gb zdjtqg~w kon kjjdzz xmdqd oc~ ko gzztd/
Zglgikqiw) ~mdqd gz k xdii,hqctondn tondqz~kongoh
cb ~md jkiklg~ctz dbbdj~z cb xdk~mdq kon c~mdq ng,
zkz~dq,qdik~dn drdo~z go k jcto~qw xmdqd lcqd ~mko
k ~mgqn cb ~md ucutik~gco z~qthhidz xg~m jmqcogj
rtiodqkagig~w kon uqcbcton idrdiz cb ucrdq~w/ Go
hdodqki) kgn kj~cqz kizc mkrd k hccn kuuqdjgk~gco cb
gonghdoctz jcugoh ldjmkogzlz/ mdw ocx ~mk~
xmdo ~mdzd kqd ndhqkndn cq d}mktz~dn) ~md uqc~dj,
~gco uqcaidlz cb ~mczd go oddn cb mtlkog~kqgko
kj~gco ~don ~c adjcld lcqd kjt~d0 ztjm uqcaidlz
jko qkohd bqcl tondqkhd lkqqgkhd ~mqcthm jmgin
ikacq ~c ndk~m cb bklgiw ldladqz) ngzdkzd) kon
ngzuikjdldo~ qdik~dn ~c kqldn jcofigj~/
Xmk~drdq ~md ct~jcld cb ~md nk~k ndak~d) g~
gz xcq~m oc~goh ~mk~ Kbhmkogz~ko gz) dbbdj~grdiw) k
ocoz~cu uqcntj~gco bkj~cqw cb z~tngdz) ztqrdwz)
aqgdoh oc~dz) ~mgo` ~ko` qducq~z) kon knrcjkjw
ukudqz/ Zcld cb ~mdzd d}klgod kon d}uikgo ~mdiglg~dn qdzgigdojd cb ukq~gjtikq hqctuz ~c zmcj`z
kon uqcjdzzdz ~mk~ tondqlgod ~mdgq ztqrgrki cu,
~gcoz/;5> Go knng~gco) ngbbdqdo~ lcog~cqgoh ldjmk,
ogzlz) ztjm kz ~mczd jcojdqodn xg~m ~md ngqdj~
glukj~ cb ~md xkq co jgrgigkoz) GNUz) kon qd~tqoddz
uqcrgnd k qgjm qdzdqrcgq cb gozghm~z co ~md jmkoh,
goh mtlkog~kqgko jkzdickn kon ~md uqc~dj~gco
jmkiidohdz g~ bkjdz/;54 ^md jcluid}) lti~g,~gdqdn
mtlkog~kqgko uqc~dj~gco jccqngok~gco zwz~dl kizc
jco~qgat~dz ~c k rcitlgoctz gobcqlk~gco ficx kz@kati,akzdn z~qtj~tqdz ztuucq~ kon go~dqkj~ xg~m
jciidkhtdz xcq`goh k~ ~md qdhgcoki kon uqcrgojgki
idrdi go ~md jciidj~gco kon kokiwzgz cb nk~k/ Go~dozd
jccqngok~gco kon jciikacqk~gco kizc cjjtqz k~ ~md
ok~gcoki kon go~dqok~gcoki idrdi xg~m k qkohd cb
kj~cqz go kon ct~zgnd ~md mtlkog~kqgko kqdok/;52
^md oddn bcq xdii,gobcqldn jccqngok~gco kon
jciikacqk~gco klcoh kgn kj~cqz kon c~mdqz co
uqc~dj~gco lk~~dqz gz to{tdz~gcokaid0 ~md bcqlki,
gvk~gco cb uqcjdzzdzbqcl khqddn ^dqlz cb Qdbdq,
dojdz) fcgo~ z~qk~dhgdz) kon Kj~gco Uikoz ~c kootki
jcozcignk~dn kuudkiz kon lgn,wdkq qdrgdxzmkz
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
20/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq15
hqdk~iw domkojdn ndjgzgco,lk`goh) ucigjw bcqlt,
ik~gco) kon ~md ztz~kgokagig~w cb ngbbdqdo~ gog~gk~grdz
ztjm kz nk~k jciidj~gco kon knrcjkjw/ Ocod~md,
idzz) xmdo zudk`goh ~c ngbbdqdo~ khdojgdz kon
gongrgntki z~kbb go @kati go Ftod 15;1) g~ xkz jidkq
~mk~ ~mdqd xkz k qdlkq`kaiw iglg~dn tondqz~kongoh
cb ~md dzzdojd cb uqcaidlz gndo~gdn kz uqc~dj~gco
jcojdqoz) xmk~ gzztdz oddndn ~c ad uq gcqg~gvdnkon xmw) ~md utquczd kon ko~gjguk~dn ct~jcld
cb ukq~gjtikq gog~gk~grdz) kon ~md qdzucozgagig~gdz cb
ngbbdqdo~ kj~cqz xcq`goh co ukq~gjtikq go~dqrdo,
~gcoz/;58 Kilcz~ gorkqgkaiw) lk~dqgki kzzgz~kojd xkz
~md nclgoko~ uqdcjjtuk~gco cb zdogcq kgn udqzco,
odi) drdo xmdo g~ xkz kuukqdo~ ~mk~ gozdjtqg~w)
ngzjqglgok~gco) cq d}jitzgco bqcl ~md mtlkog~kq,
gko jkzdickn) ztjm kz ~mczd go ~md @kati Gobcqlki
Zd~~idldo~z -@GZ') xdqd ~md lcz~ uqdzzgoh uqca,
idlz bkjdn aw k~,qgz` hqctuz/ Go knng~gco) lkow
go~dqicjt~cqz) dzudjgkiiw ~mczd lcz~ dohkhdn xg~m
uqc~dj~gco gzztdz) d}uqdzzdn jcojdqo ~mk~ uqc~dj,
~gco xcq` xkz go nkohdq cb ncgoh oc~mgoh lcqd
~mko bddngoh ~md jitz~dq lkjmgod kon qdik~dn
qducq~goh qd{tgqdldo~z/
Glucq~ko~iw) drdo ~mcthm qdigdb xcq`dqz) gojitn,
goh ndngjk~dn uqc~dj~gco z~kbb) ndrc~d k ic~ cb
dodqhw ~c jciidj~goh nk~k kon jccqngok~goh ngb,
bdqdo~ ldjmkogzlz) ~mdqd kqd bdx gozghm~z co ~md
kj~tki) qdki,~gld ct~jcldz cb dbbcq~z ~c domkojduqc~dj~gco/ Toidzz ~mdqd gz k qdik~gcozmgu ad~xddo
kokiwzgz -gojitngoh oddnz kzzdzzldo~z') uqchqkl
ndzgho) kon ct~jcldz) ~md uqc~dj~gco jitz~dq gz go
nkohdq cb adjclgoh ko don go g~zdib/ Gonddn) g~ gz
uqcakaiw bkgq ~c zkw ~mk~ zcld cb ~md bqtz~qk~gco
~mk~ qdik~dz ~c ~gld,jcoztlgohgb oc~ cuuqdz,
zgrd go ~md dwdz cb zcld OHC kon TO udqzco,
odijccqngok~gco z~qtj~tqdz jko ad ~qkjdn ~c
bdkqz ~mk~ kii ~md dbbcq~ ncdz oc~ qdzti~ go gluqcrdn
uqc~dj~gco cq) xcqzd) ghocqdz cq zgndigodz gzztdz cblkfcq jcojdqo/ Xg~m qdbdqdojd ~c ~md bcqldq) ~md
lti~guigjg~w cb ldjmkogzlz jcojdqodn xg~m jmgin
uqc~dj~gco xkz gndo~gdn kz ko d}kluid cb ic~z cb
jccqngok~gco at~ ig~~id jikqg~w kz ~c xmk~ gz kj~tkiiw
kjmgdrdn/ Zcld go~dqrgdxddz kizc gongjk~dn) bcq
d}kluid) ~mk~ g~ xkz oc~ jidkq xmd~mdq ~md do,
dqhw gordz~dn go jclltog~w,akzdn kuuqckjmdz ~c
uqc~dj~gco xkz tzdbti) kz g~ xkz tojidkq xmk~ xdqd
~md kj~tki ct~jcldz/ C~mdqz oc~dn ~mk~ ~mdqd xkz
ig~~id jikqg~w co ~md zjkid cq ok~tqd cbjqgzgz,qdik~dn
hdondq,akzdn rgcidojd -HAR' gzztdz) odrdq lgon
xmd~mdq ndjikqdn cafdj~grdz kon kuuqckjmdz xdqd
kuuqcuqgk~d/;5=
^md gzztd ~mk~ xkz qkgzdn lcz~ qct~godiw go ~dqlz
cb uqgcqg~w jcojdqoz kon ct~jcldz xkz ~mk~ cb
kjjdzz/ Jidkqiw) ~md gzztd cb qdz~qgj~dn) iglg~dn) cq
oc kjjdzz mkz mthd gluigjk~gcoz bcq ~md zkbd~w kon
uqc~dj~gco cb rtiodqkaid hqctuz kon gongrgntkiz/
Od~xcq`z) bcqlki kon gobcqlki) kzzcjgk~dn xg~m ~md
Uqc~dj~gco Jitz~dq kon ~md GNU Xcq`goh Hqctu)
xdqd zddo aw zcld go~dqicjt~cqz kz uqcrgngoh kokjjdzz cb zcq~z ~c ucutik~gcoz go gokjjdzzgaid
kqdkz/ md qditj~kojd cb zcld `dw khdojgdz ~c kj,
`ocxidnhd ~mdgq iglg~dn ngqdj~ uqdzdojd go mdkrgiw
xkq,kbbdj~dn kqdkz) kon ~md uqc~dj~gco gluigjk~gcoz
cb ~mgz) xkz kizc gndo~gdn aw rkqgctz go~dqicjt,
~cqz kz k `dw jcojdqo/;57 Lkow OHC go~dqicjt~cqz
xdqd cb ~md rgdx ~mk~ ~md gzztd cb iglg~dn kjjdzz
mkn addo zgndigodn go ~md MJ ) hgrdo ~md ngbjti,
~gdz ~mk~ kqczd go qdik~gco ~c ~md k~~dlu~ ~c khqdd
co k Fcgo~ Kjjdzz Z~qk~dhw/;;5 Xmgid OHC kon TO
khdojw jcojdqoz kact~ adgoh kzzcjgk~dn xg~m ~md
ucig~gjki TO udqzgz~dn) ~mdqd xkz aqckn qdjchog~gco
klcoh qdigdb kj~cqz ~mk~ go ~md kazdojd cb k fcgo~
z~qk~dhw ~mdqd oddndn ~c ad zcld khqddldo~ co
kqdkz ~mk~ kqd k uqgcqg~w ~c kjjdzz kon k zmkqdn
tondqz~kongoh cb ncz kon nco~z ~mk~ adod~z
bqcl ~md d}udqgdojd cb ~mczd kiqdknw cudqk~goh go
qdlc~d cq ngbjti~,~c,kjjdzz kqdkz/
Ngzjtzzgcoz go @kati jcojdqogoh uqdzzgoh uqc~dj,
~gco gzztdz kon mcx ~mdzd xdqd gndo~gdn konuqgcqg~gvdn bqd{tdo~iw qdzti~dn go k qd,~diigoh cb
~md @kati Gobcqlki Zd~~idldo~z -@GZ' xgo~dq
nqklk/ md Odx Wcq` gldz uikwdn k jdo~qki qcid
go lcagigvgoh utaigj kon kgn xcq dq kohz~ kon
adik~dn kj~gco kz mdknigod kq~gjidz nqdx k~~do~gco
~c ~md ndk~mz cb otldqctz jmginqdo bqcl ~md jcin
kon hqczziw goknd{tk~d igrgoh jcong~gcoz/;;; ^md
qtzm cb ncocqz) TO) kon OHCz ~c cbbdq aiko`d~z
kon c~mdq kzzgz~kojd uqcrc`dn crdqntd {tdz~gcoz
co ~md ucigjw uczg~gcoz cb mtlkog~kqgko kj~cqz go~md bkjd cb k zghogjko~ gojqdkzd go tqako GNUz go
qdjdo~ wdkqz/;;1 G~ gz oc~dxcq~mw ~mk~ GNUz xmc
ficj` ~c tqako jdo~dqz c~mdq ~mko @kati qdjdgrd
idzz k~~do~gco ~mko ~mczd xmc kqd jcojdo~qk~dn go
~md jkug~ki0 qdzdkqjm zmcxz ~mk~ coiw 2$ cb ~mczd
ztqrdwdn go @konkmkq qdjdgrdn kzzgz~kojd/;;: Kj,
jcqngoh ~c TOMJQ) ~mdqd xkz k >4$ gojqdkzd go
jcofigj~,gontjdn GNUz go 15;;/ Mcxdrdq) zcld
`dw z~k`dmcindqz) gojitngoh ~md hcrdqoldo~) nc,
ocqz) kon ~md kgn jclltog~w) dbbdj~grdiw qdik~dn ~c
~mdzd tuqcc~dn Kbhmkoz kz djcoclgj lghqko~z) go,
jitngoh ~mczd xmc fidn xkq,qkrkhdn Mdilkon/;;>
D}uikok~gcoz bcq ~md nqklk~gj ucigjw zmgb~ rkqgdn0
-
7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
21/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz 1;
TOMJQ knrgzdn ~mk~ g~ mkn addo jcojdo~qk~goh
co 155)555 GNUz go qtqki kon c~mdq tqako kqdkz
xmdqd qdigdb zdqrgjdz xdqd ltjm xdk`dq ~mko
~mczd krkgikaid go @kati) TZKGN gongjk~dn ~mk~
adgoh uqdukqdn bcq k ngzkz~dq gz cod cb ~md lcz~
ngbjti~ ~mgohz ~c nc/;;4
Bqcl kow udqzudj~grd) g~ gz d}~qdldiw ngz{tgd~,goh ~mk~ k z~dknw gojqdkzd go tqako ngzuikjdldo~)
nqgrdo aw ~md go~dq~xgodn uqcaidlz cb xkq) go,
zdjtqg~w) kon ucrdq~w) qdjdgrdn iglg~dn kon gokn,
d{tk~d k~~do~gco to~gi mdknigodz uqcrc`dn k ztqhd
go kj~gco/;;2 G~ xkz ~md rgdx cb lkow go~dqicjt,
~cqz bklgigkq xg~m ~md xcq`gohz cb TOMJQ) ~md
GNU Xcq`goh Hqctu) Uqc~dj~gco Jitz~dq) kon ~md
MJ^ ~mk~ ~md jmgin GNU ndk~mz mkn jmkohdn ~md
ndak~d/ mdw tondqigodn ~mk~ drdo xmdo kjjdzz
xkz oc~ k uqcaidl) ucig~gjz kon bkti~w uqgcqg,
~gvk~gco uqcjdzzdz jctin ~qtlu uqgojguidn kon
uqc~dj~grd mtlkog~kqgko ndjgzgco,lk`goh/ ^mgz
d}udqgdojd xkz kizc k qdlgondq ~mk~ ~md uczg~grd
~qkozg~gco okqqk~grd ~mk~ mkz qduikjdn ~md ucz~,jco,
figj~) z~k~d,atgingoh okqqk~grd cb dkqigdq wdkqz oddnz
~c ad jmkiidohdn zc ~mk~ g~ ncdz oc~ adjcld ~md
bqkldxcq` zmkugoh mtlkog~kqgko ndjgzgco,lk`,
goh) gojitngoh qdzctqjd lcagigvk~gco dbbcq~z/;;8 ^md
z~cql cb ldngk k~~do~gco ~c ~md ndk~m cb `gnz go
~md @GZ kizc kjjdidqk~dn kj~gco aw ~md hcrdqoldo~
co ~md ndrdiculdo~ cb k ok~gcoki GNU ucigjw/ ^mgzgz xdijcld kon uqcrgndz) go uqgojguid) ko cuucq,
~tog~w ~c ndrdicu ucigjw ~mk~ gz oco,ukq~gzko kon
jco~qgat~dz ~c ntqkaid zcit~gcoz ~mk~ ~k`d kjjcto~
cb ~md lkzzgrd tqakogvk~gco) kon qdik~dn zdkqjm bcq
mtlko zdjtqg~w) ~mk~ jmkqkj~dqgvdz jco~dlucqkqw
Kbhmkogz~ko/
Qdjdo~ d}udqgdojd go Kbhmkogz~ko ucgo~z ~c ~md
glucq~kojd cb kokiwzgz ~mk~ idknz ~c jidkqiw ndodn
kon uqgcqg~gvdn uqc~dj~gco cafdj~grdz ~mk~ bddngo~c ~md ndrdiculdo~ cb ko crdqkii MJ ,kuuqcrdn
mtlkog~kqgko z~qk~dhw ~mk~ gz zmkudn aw uqc~dj~gco
jcozgndqk~gcoz kon uqcrgndz k uqc~dj~grd bqkld,
xcq` bcq kj~gco/ Go knng~gco) ~mdqd gz ko tqhdo~
oddn bcq ~md ndrdiculdo~ cb lcog~cqgoh -cq ztq,
rdw' zwz~dlz ~mk~ bkjgig~k~d qdzti~z,cqgdo~dn uqc~dj,
~gco kuuqckjmdz/ mdzd xctin) go uqgojguid) bkjgig,
~k~d jciikacqk~gco kon) glucq~ko~iw) ldkztqdldo~
cb glukj~ kon bkj~cqz ~mk~ nd~dqlgod ct~jcldz/
Ztjm ko kuuqckjm xctin kizc z~qdoh~mdo ~qkozukq,
dojw) kjjcto~kagig~w) kon `ocxidnhd cb ~md xkw go
xmgjm ucutik~gcoz cb jcojdqo kqd jcugoh kon ~md
qcid cb mtlkog~kqgko dondkrcq go ~mgz qdhkqn/
Ukq~ cb ~md ngbjti~w kgn khdojgdz kqd bkjgoh go
Kbhmkogz~ko gz ~mk~) xg~m ~md d}jdu~gco cb GJQJ)
LZB) CJMK) kon k bdx c~mdqz) ~md lkfcqg~w cb
TO kon OHC khdojgdz kqd lti~g, lkonk~dn kon
ndki ac~m xg~m mtlkog~kqgko kon qdjcoz~qtj~gco#
ndrdiculdo~ khdonkz kz xdii kz knrcjkjw/ Ztjm
khdojgdz cb~do on g~ ngbjti~ ~c ngz~gohtgzm kjt~d
bqcl jmqcogj oddn/ Go knng~gco) ~md ikj` cq gokn,d{tkjw cb jkukjg~w,atgingoh gog~gk~grdz ~c ndki xg~m
gzztdz ztjm kz ~md jmqcogj uqcaidl cb hdondq,
akzdn rgcidojd -HAR' mkz zddo qdigdb kj~cqz kz,
ztld qdzucozgagig~w bcq HAR qdbdqqki zwz~dlz/ Kz k
qdzti~) ~mdqd gz goknd{tk~d k~~do~gco ~c ~md ~wudz cb
zwodqhgdz kon aqgnhdz ~mk~ oddn ~c igo` kon zmkud
dbbcq~z ~mk~ kqd ndzghodn ~c knnqdzz igbd,~mqdk~dogoh
gllgodo~ nkohdqz kon uqcjdzzdz hdkqdn ~c ~kj`,
igoh tondq,ndrdiculdo~) zwz~dlgj lkqhgokigvk~gco)
kon nddu,qcc~dn uk~~dqoz cb katzd/ Xg~m zudjgj
k~~do~gco ~c uqc~dj~gco) ~md ikj` cb ngz~goj~gco
ad~xddo jmqcogj kon kjt~d jcojdqoz mkz jichhdn
~md uqc~dj~gco kqjmg~dj~tqd kon jco~qgat~dn ~c ~md
jcobtzgco jcojdqogoh uqc~dj~gco go ~md jco~d}~
cb mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco/ Ikj` cb jikqg~w co ~md
dzzdojd cb k uqcaidl gz k qdjgud bcq bkgitqd xmdo
k~~dlu~goh ~c knnqdzz g~/
Bdx xgii ngzkhqdd ~mk~ bkj~cqz zmkugoh rtiodqkagi,
g~w xgii rkqw kz jco~d}~z jmkohd) ukq~gjtikqiw go qd,
ik~gco ~c ~md gzztd cb zdjtqg~w/ Zkbd~w jcojdqoz) bcqd}kluid) kqd cb~do lcz~ kjt~dgo jco~dz~dn kqdkz)
xmdqd kqldn jcofigj~ qdzti~z go bqd{tdo~iw jmkoh,
goh bqco~ igodz cq vcodz cb gofitdojd0 dbbcq~z aw
qdigdb kj~cqz ~c domkojd uqc~dj~gco go ztjm zd~~gohz
oddn ~c ad jco~d}~,zudjgj/ Gzztdz ztjm kz hdondq,
akzdn rgcidojd cq k aqckn qkohd cb uqcaidlz ~mk~
tondqlgod ~md go~dhqg~w cb jmginqdo kqd jmqcogj)
ok~gco,xgnd) ndduiw,qcc~dn zcjgd~ki kon ucig~g,
jkiiw,jmkqhdn gzztdz ~mk~ oddn ~c ad ~kj`idn go k
lkoodq hdkqdn ~c zwz~dlgj jmkohd/ Xmdo HARkon c~mdq uqc~dj~gco uqcaidlz kqgzd go ~md jco~d}~
cb jqgzgz zg~tk~gcoz) go~dqrdo~gcoz oddn ~c ad ~kg,
icqdn ~c ~md jgqjtlz~kojdz uqcrc`goh ~md uqcaidl
kon zmkugoh ~md cu~gcoz krkgikaid bcq uqdrdo~grd
kon qdldngki go~dqrdo~gcoz/ Go ztl) ~c ad dbbdj~grd)
mtlkog~kqgkoz oddn ~c ad~~dq kj`ocxidnhd ~md
xkw go xmgjm uqcaidlz ~mk~ tondqlgod uqc~dj,
~gco cjjtq kon jmkohd) go k jqgzgz cq dldqhdojw
zd~~goh) kon utqztd qdldngki ldkztqdz kjjcqn,
gohiw/ Gndo~gbwgoh xmdo z~cu,hku cq icohdq,~dql
ldkztqdz kqd qd{tgqdn) kon ~md igo`khdz ad~xddo
~mdzd) gz jqg~gjki ~c dbbdj~grdodzz go zd~~gohz xmdqd
jmqcogj uqcaidlz kqd cb~do d}kjdqak~dn xmdo
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
22/52Bdgoz~dgo Go~dqok~gcoki Jdo~dq11
tztki jcugoh ldjmkogzlz kqd tondq z~qdzz cq aqdk`ncxo/ D{tkiiw) ~mdqd gz k oddn bcq zc,jkiidn dkqiw
qdjcrdqw gog~gk~grdz ~mk~ ndlcoz~qk~d uqcntj~grd
qdigdb,ndrdiculdo~ igo`khdz kon dbbdj~grdodzz go
dorgqcoldo~z xmdqd mtlkog~kqgko uqchqklz jko
ad umkzdn ct~/
D}udqgdojd go Kbhmkogz~ko tondqigodz ~md gl,
ucq~kojd cb uqc~dj~gco ldjmkogzlz) kon qdik~dn
kj~grg~gdz) adgoh oco,ukq~gzkokon adgoh udq,
jdgrdn kz ztjmzc ~mk~ ~mdw kqd oc~ kzzcjgk~dn d},
jitzgrdiw xg~m cod ukq~w ~c ~md jcofigj~/;;= Kz ~mdGZKB nqkxncxo tobcinz) ucxdq d{tk~gcoz jmkohd)
kon tojdq~kgo~w kact~ ~md bt~tqd gojqdkzdz) ~md db,
bdj~grdodzz cb uqc~dj~gco ldkztqdz xgii ad hqdk~iw
glukj~dn aw ~md kagig~w cb ~md mtlkog~kqgko jcl,
ltog~w ~c cudqk~d glukq~gkiiw kon ~c dohkhd xg~m
kii kj~cqz ~mk~ zmkud ~md zkbd~w kon xdii,adgoh cb
k~,qgz` hqctuz/Kgn khdojgdz xg~m k z~qcoh mtlkog,
~kqgko bcjtz ~don ~c qdjchogvd ~md glucq~kojd
cb zwz~dlk~gj kon z~qk~dhgj dohkhdldo~ xg~m ~md
kqldn cuuczg~gco) mcxdrdq bqkhldo~dn) kon ~mdngbjti~w cb lkgo~kgogoh ldkogohbti ngkichtd
adwcon jclltog~w,idrdi jco~kj~z/ Khdojgdz ~mk~
mkrd `du~ ~mdgq ngz~kojd bqcl UQ^z -UqcrgojgkiQdjcoz~qtj~gco ^dklz' kon jcto~dq,goztqhdojw
cq z~kagigvk~gco uqchqklz kon mkrd k mgz~cqw cb
dbbdj~grd ukq~odqzmguz xg~m jclltog~gdz go jdq~kgo
hdchqkumgj kqdkz) kqd ad~~dq zg~tk~dn ~mko c~mdqz
~c dohkhd xg~m oco,z~k~d kj~cqz/ ^mdqd gz iglg~dn
jikqg~w co ~md d}~do~ ~c xmgjm ~md TO kon c~mdq
mtlkog~kqgko uikwdqz kqd gorcirdn go jqczz,igod
jclltogjk~gco co gzztdz ~mk~ qdik~d ~c uqc~dj~gco/
G~ gz dkzw ~c tondqz~kon xmw ~mdqd gz ig~~id cq oc
utaigj kj`ocxidnhdldo~ cb qdigdb khdojw go~dqkj,
~gco xg~m ~md kqldn cuuczg~gco) hgrdo zdjtqg~wkon ucig~gjki jcojdqoz) kon ko tondqz~konkaid
ndzgqd ~c lkgo~kgo ~qtz~dn qdik~gcozmguz/ Mcxdrdq)
g~ zmctin ad uczzgaid bcq jcojdqodn uqc~dj~gco
kon c~mdq kj~cqz ~c ndod ~md ukqkld~dqz xg~mgo
xmgjm go~dqkj~gco xg~m oco,z~k~d kj~cqz zmctin
kon jko cjjtq kon ~c zmkqd hdodqgj d}udqgdojdz
kon gozghm~z/ Kz ~md jqgzgz go Kbhmkogz~ko drcirdz)
k jkzd jko kizc ad lknd bcq hqdk~dq gordz~ldo~
aw ~md MJ^ go kthldo~goh ~md ztuucq~ cbkii
jcojdqodn z~k`dmcindqzgojitngoh qdigdb kj~cqzkon ~md kqldn cuuczg~gco~c jcqd mtlkog~kqgko
rkitdz/
Umc~c6JiktngcNdcik/Tzdnxg~mudqlgzzgco
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7/30/2019 Afghanistan: Humanitarianism in Uncertain Times
23/52Kbhmkogz~ko6 Mtlkog~kqgkogzl go Tojdq~kgo gldz 1:
^md d}udqgdojd cb aqgohgoh k~~do~gco ~c ~md gzztd
cb oco,jclak~ko~ ndk~mz) bcq d}kluid ~mqcthm
~md qdhtikq qducq~goh cb TOKLK Mtlko Qghm~z
co jgrgigko jkztki~gdz kon c~mdq ngqdj~ jcozd{tdoj,
dz cb xkq) ucgo~z ~c ~md glucq~kojd cb lkgo~kgogoh
k zuc~ighm~ co uk~~dqoz cb mkql) kon ~md bkj~cqz
~mk~ hgrd qgzd ~c ~mdzd/ Drgndojd,akzdn knrcjkjw
kon qdik~dn go~dqrdo~gcoz) ztjm kz ngkichtd xg~mkqldn hqctuz kon c~mdqz go kon ct~zgnd hcrdqo,
ldo~) kqd d{tkiiw glucq~ko~/;;7 D}udqgdojd kizc
zmcxz ~mk~ dbbdj~grd uqc~dj~grd uqchqkllgoh
gojitndz lcagigvgoh ~md atw,go cb ~mczd xmc kqd
lcz~ qdzucozgaid) okldiw lgig~kqw kon lgig~ko~
jcllkondqz kon ~mdgq ucig~gjki ukq~odqz/ Ztjm
kj~cqz kqd adz~ zg~tk~dn ~c zdjtqd ztuucq~ bcq jcqd
mtlkog~kqgko rkitdz) gojitngoh ~md uqc~dj~dn z~k~tz
cb jgrgigkoz kon c~mdq donkohdqdn gongrgntkiz/ Nk~k
kon ndak~d co ~md gzztd cb jgrgigko jkztki~gdz) bcq
d}kluid) jctuidn xg~m ngqdj~ dohkhdldo~) xmdo
uczzgaid) xg~m ngrdqzd kj~cqz xmc mkrd gofitdojd
k~ ~md icjki) ok~gcoki) kon go~dqok~gcoki idrdi mkrd
addo goz~qtldo~ki go zmkugoh k~~g~tndz ~mk~) ~c
zcld ndhqdd) iglg~ gongzjqglgok~d kon ngqdj~ mkql
~c xkq,kbbdj~dn jclltog~gdz/;15 ^md qdntj~gco
go ~md uqcucq~gco cb jgrgigko jkztki~gdz k~~qgat~dn
~c GZKB kon g~z jmkohdn qtidz cb dohkhdldo~
gz ikqhdiw k jcozd{tdojd cb ~md ngqdj~ knrcjkjw
co xkq ~kj~gjz aw TOKLK kon c~mdqz rgz,,rgz
zdogcq lgig~kqw jcllkondqz kon Kbhmko cbjgkiz/Kz ucxdq aqc`dqz kon ~md nwoklgjz cb ~md kqldn
jcofigj~ jco~gotd ~c jmkohd) g~ xgii qdlkgo glucq,
~ko~ ~c lkgo~kgo icjki kon ok~gcoki idrdi od~xcq`z
kon k jidkq bcjtz co kj~gcokaid cafdj~grdz/ Go
kii ig`digmccn) g~ xctin uqcrd adodjgki bcq ~md
mtlkog~kqgko jciidj~grg~w ~c d}klgod ~md dbbdj,
~grdodzz cb ngbbdqdo~ go~dqrdo~gcoz ~c gndo~gbw xmk~
kj~tkiiw ndigrdqz go ~dqlz cb ad~~dq uqc~dj~gco go
ngrdqzd zd~~gohz/
^md tojidkq) cq jco~dz~dn) qdkig~w cb tuqcc~dn
Kbhmkozqdbthddz) qd~tqoddz) GNUz) kon k mcz~ cb
c~mdq jk~dhcqgdz;1; ~c ndzjqgad udcuid oc icohdq go
~mdgq uikjd cb cqghgo~donz ~c ad k lkfcq uqdcj,
jtuk~gco) ac~m go mtlkog~kqgko jgqjidz kon ndng,
jk~dn uqc~dj~gco bcqk/ Nclgoko~ gzztdz gojitnd6
-k' ~md zjkid kon jcoz~ko~iw,jmkohgoh ok~tqd cb
~md tuqcc~dn umdocldoco0 kon -a' ~md oco,go,
jitzgco cb ~md MJ^ kon ~md Uqc~dj~gco Jitz~dq go
z~qk~dhgj ndjgzgco,lk`goh co qdbthddz kon qd~tqo,
ddz/ TOMJQ jcozgndqz ~mdzd Kbhmkoz adwcon ~md
qdlg~ cb ndngjk~dn go~dq,khdojw jccqngok~gco bcqk)
ki~mcthm ~md zg~tk~gco cb qd~tqoddz gz zcld~gldz
qdrgdxdn k~ MJ^ ldd~gohz/ ^mgz ik~~dq ucgo~ gz ko
gzztd cb zghogjko~ jcojdqo) hgrdo ~md gluigjk,
~gcoz cb lghqk~gco kon qdbthdd ficxz -ct~xkqn kon
qd~tqo' bcq ~md ikqhdq jkzdickn cb Kbhmkoz go oddn
cb mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco go Kbhmkogz~ko/ md ikj` cb
jcozdoztz co otladqz kon jk~dhcqgvk~gcoz ~donz
~c ndfidj~ k~~do~gco bqcl ~md jcqd gzztd cb ndo,goh ko crdqkiiuqc~dj~gco z~qk~dhw bcq kii Kbhmkoz go
oddn cb mtlkog~kqgko kj~gco) gojitngoh qdbthddz
kon qd~tqoddz/ TOMJQ mkz ~qkng~gcokiiw addo
qditj~ko~ ~c dohkhd xg~m ~md xgndq mtlkog~kqgko
jclltog~w co qdbthdd gzztdz) kqhtgoh ~mk~ g~ ltz~
zkbdhtkqn g~z d}jitzgrd qdbthdd uqc~dj~gco lkonk~d/
TOMJQ jcozgndqz qdbthddz g~z jcqd qdzucozgagi,
g~w kon qz~ uqgcqg~w kon gz) ~mtz) idzz gordz~dn go
c~mdq bcqlz cb adgoh tuqcc~dn) oc~xg~mz~kon,
goh g~z goz~g~t~gcoki gozgz~dojd co adgoh go ~md idkn
co jcofigj~,gontjdn GNUz kon uqc~dj~gco lk~~dqz
go ~md jco~d}~ cb ~md 155> mtlkog~kqgko