Aeroplance Speaks
Transcript of Aeroplance Speaks
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Aeroplane Speaks, by H.
Barber
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost an
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Title& The Aeroplane Speaks
'ifth Eition
Author& H. Barber
(elease )ate& *une +, - /EBook 0-+1+2
%anguage& English
3haracter set encoing& 4S5$6671$+
888 STA(T 5' TH4S P(5*E3T G9TE:BE(G EB55; THE AE(5P%A:E
SPEA;S 888
Prouce by *onathan 4ngra!,
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2
THE FLIGHT FOLK.
THE AEROPLANE
SPEAKS
BY
H. BARBER, A.F.AE.S.
(CAPTAIN, ROYAL FLYING CORPS)
WITH 36 FULL PAGES OF "TYPES OFAEROPLANES"
AND 87 SKETCHES AND DIAGRAMS
FIFTH EDITION
LONDON
McBRIDE, NAST & CO., LTD.
[iia]
THE AEROPLANE SPEAKS.
First editionDecember, 1916Second editionFebruary, 1917
Third editionApril, 1917
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Fourth editionJuly, 1917
Fifth editionDecember, 1917
FIRST REVIEWS:
C. G. G. in ! AEROPLANE#O!" #$%" '#a' '#" Sa*'"+! F*i!- Oic"+
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i!'"+"'"4 i! a0ia'i$!.
THE OUTLOOK#A a1i!- a i' i i!'+c'i0".
THE MORNING POST#S#$*4 " +"a4 a!4 +"6+"a4 '#" /$*4 " a!4 "0"!'#" "2%"+i"!c"4 %i*$'.
PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY
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SUBALTERN FLYING OFFICER
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PROLOGUE
PART I
THE ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES AIR
THEIR GRIE$ANCES
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PART III
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THE GREAT TEST
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a!4 *$$3'#"+" !#i!" $0"+ '#"+". W"4 "''"+ #++ %.
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$+ $1" "''"+ %"! '#a! 1i!" '$ 4"c+i" '#"" '#i!- O!" /i'# -*$/i!- /$+4 a!4 a 1a-ic
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T#"! '#" A"+$%*a!" /i'# !$i"*" "!-i!" -*i4" $0"+ '#" $!4a+ $ '#" A"+$4+$1", a!4,
/i'# 5' a $' $-#i!- $!4 +$1 '#" ai+ i' c*"a0", *a!4 -"!'* !$' i' a+4 +$1 '#"
$!*$$3"+.
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1ac#i!" A!4 '#" Pi*$' +"%*i":
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!#i!"8 #"+ "" #$*4 '#" *" $ '#" 3, a!4 $! #"+ c#""3 i '#" %"a+* 'i!' $ '#" c*$4 a""! +$1 a$0". T#" %ai$! $ %""4, '#" *+" $ %ac", '#" "!" $ %$/"+, a!4 '#" /$!4"+ $
'#" '+" ... a** '#"" '#i!- #" #$*4 $+ #i1.
A# #" c+i". Y$** !"0"+ *"a0" 1" !$/, /#"! a' *a' '#"+" i !$ $!" "'/""!
A!4 Eici"!c, 1i*i!- a!4 *#i!-, ' %+ac'ica* a "0"+, a:
A!4 $ /i** !"0"+ '#+$/ '#$" C$1%+$1i" i! 1 ac"
M 4"a+, I *$0" $ $+ '#"1 9a0"!' '#" ""! 1 *i" "0"+ i!c" I "-a! '+i0i!- $+ $'"! *$!- "a+ a-$
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A!4 $ '#" /a*3 $ 0"+ #a%%i*, a+16i!6a+1 '$-"'#"+8 a!4 i '#i #a!' $+"4 $ a!4 $4*i3" $1" 1$+" $ '#" a1" $+' $ '#i!-, I4 5' *$0" '$ '"** $ $1" 4a $ '#" /$!4"+*
'#i!- '#" acc$1%*i# '$-"'#"+, a!4 $ /#a' '#" 4+"a1 '#" '+" #$*4 i! '$+".
And that)s the end of the %rolo"ue
[JJ]
CHAPTER I
FLIGHT
Ai+ #a /"i-#' (a$'
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F*i-#' i "c+"4 4+i0i!- '#+$-# '#" ai+ a +ac"
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T#" +"ac'i$! i!c+"a" a%%+$2i1a'"* a '#" a+" $ '#" 0"*$ci'. I' i '#" +"*' $ (. T#" #$+iH$!'a* c$1%$!"!', ie, D+i' ($1"'i1" ca**"4 R"i'a!c"), '$ /#ic# i $%%$"4
'#" '#+' $ '#" %+$%"**"+.
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[J]
T#" D+i' i '#" 0i**ai! $ '#" %i"c", a!4 1' " $0"+c$1" '#" T#+' i! $+4"+ '$ "c+" '#"
!"c"a+ 0"*$ci' '$ %+$4c" '#" +"ii'" *i' $+ *i-#'.
DRIFT.T#" 4+i' $ '#" /#$*" a"+$%*a!" (/" #a0" c$!i4"+"4 $!* '#" *i'i!- +ac"
#"+"'$$+") 1a " c$!0"!i"!'* 4i0i4"4 i!'$ '#+"" %a+', a $**$/:
Acti&e Drift, /#ic#, i '#" 4+i' %+$4c"4 '#" *i'i!- +ac".
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*a4".
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%a+a1$!' i1%$+'a!c", $+ i' "2%+"" the efficiency of the aeroplane(a 4i'i!c' +$1 "!-i!"
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T#$" ac'$+ a+" a $**$/:
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i!"!". T#" "' 4"-+"" $ i!"!" $+ a! -i0"! 0"*$ci' i $!4 1"a!
$ /i!46'!!"* +""a+c#.
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+a'i$ 4"i+"4.
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%+""+0" a c*"a!, '+"a16*i!" #a%" $ +a+"i"4 a+"a a!4 +""4$1 +$1 "44i".
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do!n!ards, a!4 '#a' /i** '"!4 '$ %+$4c" 4+i' +a'#"+ '#a! '#" up!ards+"ac'i$!, $+ *i'.
F+$1 a +i--i!- %$i!' $ 0i"/, $!" 1' %+"1" '#a' "0"+ 'a!4a+4
a"+$%*a!" #a i' *i'i!- +ac" "' a' '#" 1$' "ici"!' a!-*", a!4 '#"
%+ac'ica* a%%*ica'i$! $ a** '#i i i! 'a3i!- '#" -+"a'"' %$i*" ca+" '$ +i- '#"+ac" a' '#" c$++"c' a!-*" a!4 '$ 1ai!'ai! i' a' c# a!-*".[;
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'#" ca1"+ a!4 a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c". Wi'# i!i!i'" 0"*$ci' '#" +ac" /$*4 "
"' a' !$ a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" ('#" !"'+a* *i' *i!" c$i!ci4"!' /i'# '#" 4i+"c'i$!
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$ +ac", a+" $!4 1"a! $ /i!46'!!"* +""a+c#. T#" %+ac'ica*a%%*ica'i$! $ a** '#i i i! 'a3i!- '#" -+"a'"' ca+" '$ %+"0"!' '#" +ac" +$1
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4+i' +a'i$.
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$+-"' '#" 4+i' $ '+' a!4 /i+" !"c"a+ '$ +ac" % a +ac" $ #i-#
a%"c' +a'i$.
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/+i''"! $+ '#" %+ac'ica* %i*$' a!4 +i--"+.
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+ac", a!4 i !$', $ c$+", a%%*ica*" '$ a i!-*" +ac", ie, a 1$!$%*a!".
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H.E.: H*/i;*+)' &
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T9EMINIM7MANGLEOFINCIDENCEi '#" 1a**"' a!-*" a' /#ic#, $+ a
-i0"! %$/"+, +ac" (i!c*4i!- 4"'+i1"!'a* +ac"), a!4 /"i-#', #$+iH$!'a*
*i-#' ca! " 1ai!'ai!"4.
T9EMAIM7MANGLEOFINCIDENCEi '#" -+"a'"' a!-*" a' /#ic#, $+ a-i0"! %$/"+, +ac" (i!c*4i!- 4"'+i1"!'a* +ac"), a!4 /"i-#', #$+iH$!'a*
*i-#' ca! " 1ai!'ai!"4.
T9E OPTIM7M ANGLE OF INCIDENCEi '#" a!-*" a' /#ic# '#" *i'64+i'
+a'i$ i #i-#"'. I! 1$4"+! a"+$%*a!" i' i '#a' a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" %$""4 '#" +ac" /#"! '#" a2i $ '#" %+$%"**"+ i #$+iH$!'a*.
T9E BEST CLIMBING ANGLE i a%%+$2i1a'"* #a*6/a "'/""! '#"
1a2i11 a!4 '#" $%'i11 a!-*".
[;;]
A** %+""!'64a a"+$%*a!" a+" a c$1%+$1i" "'/""! C*i1 a!4
#$+iH$!'a* V"*$ci'. W" /i** c$1%a+" '#" ""!'ia* $+ '/$ a"+$%*a!", $!"4"i-!"4 $+ 1a2i11 c*i1, a!4 '#" $'#"+ $+ 1a2i11 0"*$ci'.
ESSENTIALSFORMAIM7MCLIMB:
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i1%$i*" '$ c$!'+c' /i'#i! a +"a$!a*" /"i-#' a! ai+6c+"/ $ '#" +"ii'" 4i1"!i$!. T#a'
"i!- $, i' /$*4 " !"c"a+,[;@] i! $+4"+ '$ a$+ '#" %$/"+ $ '#" "!-i!", '$ +"0$*0" '#"
c$1%a+a'i0"* 1a**6+ac"4 ai+ c+"/ a' a! i11"!"* -+"a'"+ 0"*$ci' '#a! '#a' $ '#"a"+$%*a!" +ac". A a*+"a4 "2%*ai!"4, '#" *i'64+i' +a'i$ a** /i'# 0"*$ci' $! acc$!' $ '#"
i!c+"a" i! %ai0" 4+i'. T#i a%%*i" '$ a *a4" $ a %+$%"**"+ $+ ai+6c+"/ /#ic# i !$'#i!- ' a
+"0$*0i!- +ac" "' a' a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c", a!4 /#ic# i' i i1%$i*" '$ c$!'+c' /i'#$' a-$$4 4"a* $ 4"'+i1"!'a* +ac" !"a+ '#" c"!'+a* $.
. T#" 0"*$ci' "i!- *$/, '#"! i' $**$/ '#a' $+ '#a' +"a$! a*$ the an"le of
incidence should be comparati&ely lar"e.
J. $amber.Si!c" c# a! a"+$%*a!" /$*4 " $ *$/ 0"*$ci', a!4 '#"+"$+"
%$" a *a+-" a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c", a lar"e camber/$*4 " !"c"a+.
L"' !$/ c$!i4"+ '#" ""!'ia* $+ a! a"+$%*a!" $ 1a2i11 0"*$ci' $+ i' %$/"+, a!4
%$"i!- 1"+"* "!$-# *i' '$ -"' $ '#" -+$!4, ' !$ 1a+-i! $ *i'.
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MINIM7MANGLE.
T#i -i0" '#" -+"a'"' 0"*$ci' 4+i!- #$+iH$!'a* *i-#' a' a *$/ a*'i'4". G+"a'"+ 0"*$ci'
/$*4 " "c+"4 i '#" +ac", a!-*", a!4 ca1"+ /"+" 1a**"+ a!4 4"i-!"4 '$ 5' 1ai!'ai!#$+iH$!'a* *i-#' /i'# a #$+iH$!'a* '#+'. A*$, i! c# ca", '#" %+$%"**"+ /$*4 !$' " '#+'i!-
4$/!/a+4, ' a*$!- a #$+iH$!'a* *i!" /#ic# i $0i$* a 1$+" "ici"!' a++a!-"1"!' i /"
+"-a+4 '#" a"+$%*a!" 1"+"* +$1 $!" %$i!' $ 0i"/, ie, "i'#"+ /i'# +""+"!c" '$ 0"*$ci' $+c*i1.
OPTIM7MANGLE.(T#+' #$+iH$!'a*).
T#" 0"*$ci' i *" '#a! a' '#" 1a**"+ 1i!i11 a!-*", a!4, a a"+$%*a!" a+" 4"i-!"4 '$64a,
'#" a+"a a!4 a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" $ '#" +ac" i c# a '$ "c+" a *i-#' ac"!' a' a *$/ a*'i'4".T#" ca1"+ $ '#" +ac" i 4"i-!"4 $+ '#i a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" a!4 0"*$ci'. T#" *i'64+i' +a'i$
i "' a' '#i a!-*".
BESTCLIMBINGANGLE.
T#" 0"*$ci' i !$/ 'i** *" +"a$! $ '#" i!c+"a"4 a!-*" %+$4ci!- i!c+"a" $ 4+i'. L"0"*$ci' a' a -i0"! a!-*" %+$4c" *" *i', ' '#" i!c+"a"4 a!-*" 1$+" $+ *" $"' '#" *$ $
*i' 4" '$ '#" 4"c+"a"4 0"*$ci'8 a!4, i! a44i'i$!, '#" '#+' i !$/ #a*i!- '#" a"+$%*a!"%/a+4.
MAIM7MANGLE.
T#" -+"a'"+ a!-*" #a !$/ %+$4c"4 $ 1c# 4+i' a '$ *""! '#" 0"*$ci' '$ a %$i!' /#"+"
'#" c$1i!"4 *i' +$1 '#" +ac" a!4 +$1 '#" '#+' a+" $!* 5' a*" '$ 1ai!'ai! #$+iH$!'a*
*i-#'. A! -+"a'"+ a!-*" /i** +"*' i! a 'i** *$/"+ *i'64+i' +a'i$. T#" *i' /i** '#"! "c$1" *"
'#a! '#" /"i-#' a!4 '#" a"+$%*a!" /i** c$!""!'* a**. Sc# a a** i 3!$/! a 'a**i!- $+%a!ca3i!-.
NOTE.(T! )*+n -+ /*- 0)inn-1# N2- 4 ! B1 C+i50in) An)+. A+1
5inin ! /+in) 19 */ ! -*9+n.
[;]
S7MMARY.
ssentials for 3a4imum $limb ssentials for 3a4imum -elocity
1. L* &*(i)9.
2. L'/6& -/,'(&.
3. L'/6& '+6& /&')i& )*
0/*0&&/ )%/-).
4. L'/6& '+6& /&')i& )*
i/&()i*+ *, *)i*+.
5. L'/6& ('&/.
1. Hi6% &*(i)9.
2. S' -/,'(&.
3. S' '+6& /&')i& )*
0/*0&&/ )%/-).
4. S' '+6& /&')i& )*
i/&()i*+ *, *)i*+.
5. S' ('&/.
I' i 1"c#a!ica** i1%$i*" '$ c$!'+c' a! a"+$%*a!" $ +"a$!a*" /"i-#' $ /#ic# i' /$*4
" %$i*" '$ 0a+ '#" a$0" $%%$i!- ""!'ia*. T#"+"$+", a** a"+$%*a!" a+" 4"i-!"4 a ac$1%+$1i" "'/""! C*i1 a!4 V"*$ci'.
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4!
A a +*" a"+$%*a!" a+" 4"i-!"4 '$ #a0" a' *$/ a*'i'4" a *i-#' 1a+-i! $ *i' /#"! '#"
%+$%"**"+ '#+' i #$+iH$!'a*. B '#i 1"a!, /#"! '#" a*'i'4" i +"ac#"4 /#"+" '#" 1a+-i! $ *i'
4ia%%"a+ ($! acc$!' $ *$ $ "!-i!" %$/"+), a!4 /#ic# i, c$!""!'*, '#" a*'i'4" /#"+" i'i 5' %$i*" '$ 1ai!'ai! #$+iH$!'a* *i-#', '#" a"+$%*a!" i *i!- /i'# i' '#+' #$+iH$!'a* a!4
/i'# 1a2i11 "ici"!c (a 4i'i!c' +$1 "!-i!" a!4 %+$%"**"+ "ici"!c).
T#" 1a+-i! $ *i' a' *$/ a*'i'4", a!4 /#"! '#" '#+' i #$+iH$!'a*, #$*4 '#"! " c# '#a''#" #i-#"+ a*'i'4" a' /#ic# '#" 1a+-i! $ *i' i *$' i '#a' a*'i'4" a' /#ic# 1$' $ '#"
a"+$%*a!" #$+iH$!'a* *i-#' /$+3 i 4$!". T#a' "!+" 1a2i11 0"*$ci' /#"! 1$' +"i+"4.
7!$+'!a'"*, /#"+" a"+$%*a!" 4"i-!"4 $+ i-#'i!- a+" c$!c"+!"4, '#" a*'i'4" /#"+" 1$'
$ '#" /$+3 i 4$!" i '#a' a' /#ic# $'# 1a2i11 0"*$ci' a!4 1a2i11 1a+-i! $ *i' $+%$/"+ a+" +"i+"4.
P"+#a% $1" 4a a +i**ia!' i!0"!'$+ /i** 4"i-! a! a"+$%*a!" $ +"a$!a*" /"i-#' a!4 4+i'
$ /#ic# i' /i** " %$i*" $+ '#" %i*$' '$ 0a+ a' /i** '#" a$0"61"!'i$!"4 $%%$i!- ""!'ia*.
T#"! /" #a** -"' 1a2i11 0"*$ci', $+ 1a2i11 1a+-i! $ *i', $+ %$/"+ a +"i+"4. 7!'i*'#"! '#" 4"i-! $ '#" a"+$%*a!" 1' +"1ai! a c$1%+$1i" "'/""! V"*$ci' a!4 C*i1.
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DIRECTIONALSTABILITYi i' 'ai*i' a$' i' 0"+'ica* a2i, a!4 /i'#$' /#ic# i' /$*4
#a0" !$ '"!4"!c '$ 3""% i' c$+".
F$+ c# 4i+"c'i$!a* 'ai*i' '$ "2i' '#"+" 1' ", i! ""c',
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I1a-i!" A '$ " a *a' +ac", a''i'4" 0"+'ica*, '+a0"**i!- '#+$-# '#" ai+ i! '#" 4i+"c'i$! $
1$'i$! M. I' C.P. i '#"! $0i$* a*$!- '#" "2ac' c"!'+" *i!" $ '#" +ac" a i**'+a'"4. I! B,
C, a!4 D '#" +ac" a+" #$/! /i'# a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" 4"c+"ai!- '$ !$'#i!-, a!4 $ /i**!$'" '#a' '#" C.P. 1$0" $+/a+4 /i'# '#" 4"c+"ai!- a!-*".
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I 1a a44 '#a' '#" 'ai*6%*a!" i $1"'i1" 1$!'"4 %$! '#" a"+$%*a!" a' '#" a1" a!-*" a
'#" 1ai! +ac", ', i! c# ca", i' a''ac3 ai+ /#ic# #a +"c"i0"4 a 4$/!/a+4 4"*"c'i$!
+$1 '#" 1ai! +ac", '#:
T#" a!-*" a' /#ic# '#" 'ai* +ac" a''ac3 '#" ai+ ('#" a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c") i '#"+"$+" *" '#a!
'#" a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" $ '#" 1ai! +ac".
[@J]
I /i** !$/, 1"a! $ '#" $**$/i!- i**'+a'i$!, '+ '$ "2%*ai! #$/ '#" *$!-i'4i!a* 4i#"4+a*
"c+" 'ai*i':
Fi+', i1a-i!" '#" a"+$%*a!" '+a0"**i!- i! '#" 4i+"c'i$! $ 1$'i$!, /#ic# c$i!ci4" /i'# '#"4i+"c'i$! $ '#+' T. T#" /"i-#' i, $ c$+", a*a!c"4 a$' a C.P., '#" +"*'a!' $ '#" C.P. $
'#" 1ai! +ac" a!4 '#" C.P. $ '#" 'ai*iHi!- +ac". F$+ '#" a3" $ i**'+a'i$!, '#"
'ai*iHi!- +ac" #a ""! -i0"! a! a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c", a!4 '#"+"$+" #a a *i' a!4 C.P. I!%+ac'ic" '#" 'ai*iH"+ i $'"! "' a' !$ a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c". I! c# ca" '#" %+$%$i'i$! +"1ai!
'#" a1", ' i' i, %"+#a%, a *i''*" "ai"+ '$ i**'+a'" i' a a$0".
N$/, /" /i** %%$" '#a' a -' $+ "44 '#+$/ '#" 1ac#i!" i!'$ '#" *$/"+ %$i'i$!. I' !$
*$!-"+ '+a0"* i! '#" 4i+"c'i$! $ T, i!c" '#" 1$1"!'1 i! '#" $*4 4i+"c'i$! %** i' $ '#a'
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c$+". M i !$/ '#" +"*'a!' $ '#" T#+' a!4 '#" M$1"!'1, a!4 $ /i** !$'" '#a' '#i
+"*' i! a 4"c+"a" i! '#" a!-*" $+ $*4 +i"!4 '#" !"'+a* *i' *i!" 1a3" /i'# M, ie, a 4"c+"a"
i! '#" a!-*" $ i!ci4"!c" a!4 '#"+"$+" a 4"c+"a" i! *i'.
W" /i** %%$" '#a' '#i 4"c+"a" i >U. Sc# 4"c+"a" a%%*i" '$ $'# 1ai! +ac" a!4
'ai*iH"+, i!c" $'# a+" i2"4 +i-i4* '$ '#" a"+$%*a!".
T#" 1ai! +ac", /#ic# #a4 U a!-*", #a !$/ $!*
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T#i 4"i-! $ a"+$%*a!", /#i*" 0"+ i!'"+"'i!-, #a !$' %+$0"4 0"+ %+ac'ica*", $/i!- '$ '#"
$**$/i!- 4ia40a!'a-": (
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I1a-i!" '#" '$% $, i**'+a'"4 $%%$i'", '$ " '#" +$!' 0i"/ $ a +ac" *i!- '$/a+4 $.
T#" #$+iH$!'a* "i0a*"!' (9.E.) $ '#" *"' /i!- i '#" a1" a '#a' $ '#" +i-#' /i!-. T#"+"$+",
'#" *i' $ $!" /i!- i "a* '$ '#" *i' $ '#" $'#"+, a!4 '#" /"i-#', "i!- i'a'"4 a*/a i! '#"c"!'+", i a*a!c"4.
I $1" 1$0"1"!' $ '#" ai+ ca" '#" +ac" '$ 'i*' i4"/a, a i! '#" *$/"+ i**'+a'i$!,
'#"! $ /i** !$'" '#a' '#" 9.E. $ '#" *"' /i!- i!c+"a", a!4 '#" 9.E. $ '#" +i-#' /i!-4"c+"a". T#" *"' /i!- '#"!, #a0i!- '#" -+"a'"' *i', +i"8 a!4 '#" +ac" a1" i' i+' a!4
!$+1a* %$i'i$!.
7!$+'!a'"*, #$/"0"+, '#" +i-#'i!- ""c' i !$' %+$%$+'i$!a* '$ '#" 4i"+"!c" "'/""! '#"
+i-#' a!4 *"' 9.E..
R: Di/&()i*+ *, /&'()i*+ *, i+6 i+i(')&.
R R: R&-)'+) i/&()i*+ *, /&'()i*+ *, *)% i+6-.
#: H*/i;*+)' -i&'9 (*0*+&+) *, /&'()i*+.
L: "&/)i(' (*0*+&+) *, /&'()i*+ i,).I! '#" ca" $ A, '#" +"*'a!' 4i+"c'i$! $ '#" +"ac'i$! $ $'# /i!- i $%%$"4 '$ '#"
4i+"c'i$! $ -+a0i' $+ /"i-#'. T#" '/$ $+c" R R a!4 -+a0i' a+" '#"! "0"!* a*a!c"4, a!4 '#"
+ac" i i! a 'a'" $ "i*i+i1.
[?]
I! '#" ca" $ B, $ /i** !$'" '#a' '#" R R i !$' 4i+"c'* $%%$"4 '$ -+a0i'. T#i +"*' i!
'#" a%%"a+a!c" $ M, a!4 $ '#" +"*'a!' 4i+"c'i$! $ 1$'i$! $ '#" a"+$%*a!" i !$ *$!-"+
4i+"c'* $+/a+4, ' i a*$!- a *i!" '#" +"*'a!' $ '#" T#+' a!4 M. I! $'#"+ /$+4, i' i, /#i*"
*i!- $+/a+4, a' '#" a1" 'i1" 1$0i!- i4"/a i! '#" 4i+"c'i$! M.
I! 1$0i!- i4"/a, '#" 3""*6+ac" +"c"i0", $ c$+", a %+"+" +$1 '#" ai+ "a* a!4
$%%$i'" '$ M. Si!c" c# +ac" i -+"a'"' i! ""c' '$/a+4 '#" 'ai*, '#"! '#" *a''"+ 1' "%#"4 i4"/a. T#a' ca" '#" a"+$%*a!" '$ '+!8 a!4, '#" #i-#"' /i!- "i!- $! '#" $'i4" $'#" '+!, i' #a a -+"a'"+ 0"*$ci' '#a! '#" *$/"+ /i!-. T#a' %+$4c" -+"a'"+ *i', a!4 '"!4 '$ 'i*'
'#" a"+$%*a!" $0"+ 'i** 1$+". Sc# 'i*'i!- '"!4"!c i, #$/"0"+, $%%$"4 '#" 4i"+"!c" i! '#"
9.E. $ '#" '/$ /i!-.
I' '#"! $**$/ '#a', $+ '#" *a'"+a* 4i#"4+a* a!-*" '$ " ""c'i0", c# a!-*" 1' " *a+-""!$-# '$ %+$4c", /#"! '#" a"+$%*a!" 'i*', a 4i"+"!c" i! '#" 9.E. $ '#" '/$ /i!-, /#ic#
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4i"+"!c" 1' " ici"!' '$ !$' $!* $%%$" '#" 'i*'i!- '"!4"!c 4" '$ '#" a"+$%*a!" '+!i!-,
' ici"!' '$ a*$ $+c" '#" a"+$%*a!" ac3 '$ i' $+i-i!a* %$i'i$! $ "i*i+i1.
I' i !$/, I #$%", c*"a+ '