Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A DoD Perspective Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A...
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Transcript of Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A DoD Perspective Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities: A...
Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities:
A DoD Perspective
Aeronautics Visions and Opportunities:
A DoD Perspective
Paul F. PiscopoPaul F. PiscopoStaff Specialist for Aircraft SystemsStaff Specialist for Aircraft Systems
Office of Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (S&T)Office of Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (S&T)
AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYAERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The DoD Environment Is Changing (1999-2001)The DoD Environment Is Changing (1999-2001)
• New and significant forces are impacting the DoD aeronautics S&T program Service Readiness and Modernization are driving S&T budgets (and priorities) Army Transformation/Future Naval Capabilities (FNCs)/Air Force Migration-to-Space The role and importance of aircraft in the Joint Warfighting Objectives and Plans are not always
recognized or clearly visible (platform vs payload capability issue) Reductions in DoD/NASA aeronautics investments driving increased dependency/partnering
• Budgetary instabilities have produced significant programmatic turmoil Re-scoped/re-structured the Fixed Wing Vehicle Program (lost 25% of AF workforce ) Turbine Engine (IHPTET) Program delayed 8 years with FY00 submittal (restored by OSD) Hypersonic propulsion technology eliminated with FY00 submittal (restored by OSD) Major reductions in Aircraft Power investments after FY03 (new focus is on weapons/space power)
• … And misconceptions still abound Perception that there is little system-level capability left to be gained by advancement in aircraft
and engine technologies--we’re operating in the margins Services have historically funded this technology, and will continue to do so -- low priority Industry will pick up the funding “slack” because of strong commercial relevance
Joint Vision 2010 Relies on Advancing Technology and Operational Warfighting Concepts
01/29/98 1600
The Lenses of Technological Innovation and Information Superiority Integrates and Amplifies Four New Operational Concepts
RESPONSIVE
DEPLOYABLE
AGILE
VERSATILE
LETHAL
SURVIVABLE
SUSTAINABLE
The FutureForce
Full -Spectrum
Dominance
ForceTransformation
Aeromechanics
FlightControls
Structures
Advanced Concepts
Mission SysIntegration
Human SystemsIntegration
Propulsion andPower Systems
Diagnostics/Prognostics
AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYAERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYObjective: Objective: Affordable, Full-Spectrum DominanceAffordable, Full-Spectrum Dominance
0
2000
4000
6000
8000 The Army Aviation Modernization StrategyThe Army Aviation Modernization Strategy……looking for fewer, more capable systemslooking for fewer, more capable systems
The Army Aviation Modernization StrategyThe Army Aviation Modernization Strategy……looking for fewer, more capable systemslooking for fewer, more capable systems
FY87 FY92 FY97 FY02 FY07 FY12 FY17 FY22 FY27
8748
4197
Air
craf
t Q
uan
tity
Fiscal Year
FUTUREUTILITY
FUTURESCT/ATK
RAH-66
AH-64D
AH-64A
UH-60 MOD
UH-60Q
UH-60A/L
LUH
ICH CH-47D
OH-58D
UH-1
OH-58C
AH-1
UH-1M
OH-6
AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYAERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYFleet Inventories Are Projected To DiminishFleet Inventories Are Projected To Diminish
Rationale For Aeronautics S&T InvestmentsRationale For Aeronautics S&T Investments
• Aeronautics technologies have a strong US military relevance ~1/3 of the DoD budget (~$100B/Yr) is related to aircraft system acquisition, operations, and support Aircraft will continue to play a vital role in joint warfighting capabilities in the foreseeable future
• Our technology pursuits are aggressive and achievable Reduce aircraft maintenance cost/flight hour 10% (legacy) & flyaway cost 70% (UAV) by 2007 Reduce rotorcraft weight empty/hover-out-of-ground-effect weight 22% by 2010 Increase gas turbine engine performance by 100%/reduce fuel consumption 40% by 2005 Increase electrical system reliability 20X by 2005 Demonstrate Mach 8 scramjet capability by 2002
• The potential system-level payoffs are significant Increase aircraft mission range/payload by 100+% Increase aircraft operational readiness by 10+% Increase aircraft mobility/reduce logistics footprint Reduce missile reaction time by 25+% Reduced aircraft ownership costs by 35%
• Numerous opportunities exist for potential technology transition Legacy System Sustainment: F-14, F-15, F-16, C-5, C-141, B-1, B-2, AH-64/UH-60 Emerging System Development: F-22, F-18E/F, C-17, V-22, RAH-66 (Comanche) New System Development: JSF, FTR, UCAV’s, Hypersonic Missile, Sensorcraft New Aerospace Concepts and Capabilities: Space Operations Vehicles, Future Strike Aircraft
ROTARY WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESROTARY WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESUtility/Attack/CargoUtility/Attack/Cargo
FTR OptionsFTR Options
Range: 1000-2000Km
Payload: 20 Ton
Speed: 175-250kt
Deployability: 2100 Nm
Legacy/Development SystemsLegacy/Development Systems New System DevelopmentNew System Development
..
CH-53E
Cruise Speed (Knots)
USTOL-IT
410Cruise Speed (Knots) 305
C-130H
214nm 258nmRadius (Unrefueled)1 Hr Cruise Dist. (km)
2750nmRadius (Unrefueled) 1900nm 6.7 hrsOutbound Cruise Time 6.2 hrs
High Altitude Cruise Comparison
On-The-Deck Cruise Comparison
V-22 USTOL-IT
1020nm
132 364275
674509244
..
Diego Garcia
Guam
.Florida. KhartoumSudan
KabulAfghanistan.
USTOL-IT
C-130H
USTOL-IT
C-130H
USTOL-IT
USTOL-IT
. .Riyadh
Baghdad.Sarajevo.
.Okinawa
V-22V-22 V-22
USTOL-IT
(~10,000 lbs Payload)(20,000 lbs Payload)
FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESFIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Ultra Short Takeoff & Landing Intra-theater TransportUltra Short Takeoff & Landing Intra-theater Transport
FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESFIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESSubsonic Global Reach TransportSubsonic Global Reach Transport
Florida
San. Fran
Alaska
Maine
BaghdadIraq
SeoulKorea
Total World CoverageFrom Continental USA
Propulsion Factor•Ultra Fuel Efficient Subsonic Cruise
– 30% Improvement•Autonomous, Intelligent Engine
– Self Diagnostic for Durability– Prognostic Maintenance for Field Operations– Active Control for Stability
•Affordable– Joint Commercial Core– Common Development/Production– Minimum Logistics Tail Required– Zero Maintenance Core
•Turbine Engine Long Range Plan Under Development– Versatile, advanced, Affordable Turbo Engines (VAATE)
•Engine Manufacturer Studies Underway With GE, P&WA, & Allison To Assess Viability Of Common Versatile Military/Commercial Core
Common Military/Commercial Product
Versatile Core
FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESFIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESSupersonic VTOL FighterSupersonic VTOL Fighter
F-15A370nm
0.842 min
VTOL Fighter515nm
2.229 min
Radius (Unrefueled)Cruise Mach
Reaction Time
Long Range, Supersonic Multi-Role Fighter
*
*Air Combat Mission
Cruise Mach
VMCA
3.0Cruise Mach 0.72
F-111
3250nmRange (Unrefueled)
Cruise Time *3126nmRadius (Unrefueled) 681nm 2.3 hrsCruise Time * 9.0 hrs
SR-71
SR-71
..
.
Maine
Diego Garcia
Guam
.SR-71
Florida .KhartoumSudan
KabulAfghanistan.
Long Range Strike Global Reconnaissance
SR-71 VMCA
8546nm
3.03.0
2.3 hrs2.3 hrs
VM
CA
F-111
F-111
F-111
..
.
Maine
Diego Garcia
Guam
.F-111
Florida
VMCA
. KhartoumSudan
KabulAfghanistan.
VM
CA
*4000nm Radius *4000nm Radius
VMCA - Global Coverage
FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESFIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIES Mach 3.0 Versatile Mission Combat Aircraft Mach 3.0 Versatile Mission Combat Aircraft
FIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESFIXED WING VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESMulti-Role Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV)
Propulsion Factor
•Ultra Fuel Efficient– 35% Improvement
•Extended Storage– 2-4X Shelf Life
•Integrated Engine/Airframe– Thrust Vectoring– Low Signature– Stall Free Operation
•Affordability– Reduced Acquisition Cost– Affordable Development– Zero Maintenance Engine– Health Management
1000nm Radius at 0.8 Mn
UCAV OTS Comparison+85% Radius/+160% Loiter-8% Aircraft LCC ($1.3B)
Multi-Mission Capable
HYPERSONIC VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESHYPERSONIC VISIONS/OPPORTUNITIESMissiles/Space Operations Vehicles/Global Strike
Scramjet-/combined cycle-poweredScramjet-/combined cycle-poweredMach 6 missileMach 6 missile
Scramjet-/combined cycle-poweredScramjet-/combined cycle-poweredMach 6 missileMach 6 missile
Mach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizingMach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizing readily-available hydrocarbon fuelsreadily-available hydrocarbon fuelsMach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizingMach 4-8 TSTO First Stage utilizing readily-available hydrocarbon fuelsreadily-available hydrocarbon fuels
Trans-atmospheric global strikeTrans-atmospheric global strikeTrans-atmospheric global strikeTrans-atmospheric global strike
AERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYAERONAUTICS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYA New Set of Concerns Is EmergingA New Set of Concerns Is Emerging
• Business volatility is making technology planning difficult What are the right goals, program structure, and development pace? What’s the right mix between short-/long-term technology development? What’s the right balance between commercial-/military-driven needs?
• Growing emphasis on a new/different set of technology drivers Affordability (cost to develop, procure, and operate) Life, durability, and sustainment (increased service life) Fuel reduction (reduced logistics footprint/global warming) Emissions and noise (environmentally-driven basing considerations) What’s the right balance between capability and these other drivers?
• Sustaining a world-class workforce Moves, consolidations, and general down-sizing (loss of expertise base) Motivating our young people to choose a career in aeronautics
Summary
• Aeronautics S&T is important to both the military and civil sectors– Role of aircraft will continue to grow for the foreseeable future (military superiority)
– Large impact on US balance of trade (economic competitiveness)
• Substantive technological advancements are being made in all sectors of the DoD Aeronautics S&T program/transition potential is high
• Significant improvements in capability are still achievable
• Current aeronautics technology budget trends are cause for concern– DoD/NASA both showing substantial declines
– Steps are being taken to reverse the trend
BACKUP CHARTS
ASC/FB 3 May, 2000
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREASSubsonic Concepts
• Improved, Supportable, Affordable RF & IR signature control• Electronic countermeasures, self-defense capability • Smaller precision guided munitions / longer range affordable
stand off weapons• High bypass turbofan installation• Drag reducing aerodynamics (passive & active)• Low weight & cost, multifunction structures
Focus: Robust Survivability, Un-refueled Global Range (14,000+ nm), Affordable Air Platform
ASC/FB 3 May, 2000
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Supersonic Concepts
• Supportable RF signature control to next level• IR signature control• Acoustic signature control• Supportable integrated thermal management (3.5M+)• Electronic countermeasures, self-defense capability • Smaller precision guided munitions / longer range
affordable stand off weapons• Low SFC low-supersonic cruise engine• Low SFC high-supersonic (3.5M+) cruise engine• Drag reducing aerodynamics (passive & active)• Tailless supersonic flight control• Moderate temperature, low weight & cost structures• Supersonic weapons carriage & release
Focus: Robust Survivability, Increased Range, Increased Sortie Generation Rate
ASC/FB 3 May, 2000
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Hypersonic/TAV Concepts
• Hypersonic weapon release• Combined cycle propulsion (acceleration, cruise)• Highly re-useable rocket propulsion• Hypersonic engine-airframe integration• Supportable and durable TPS, structural integration• Supportable and integrated thermal management• Prognostic health management• High heat sink / high energy density fuels• Drag & aero-heating reducing aerodynamics• Datalinks / communications / sensors through high temp
electromagnetic environment• High temperature RF materials, IR signature control for M<7
(warning driven)
Focus: Increased Range, Affordable Operations, Rapid Response
ASC/FB 3 May, 2000
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS General Applicability To All Concepts
• System of systems / multi-platform networking• C4ISR, data fusion techniques, affordable off-board targeting,
damage assessment• Dynamic mission planning• Rapid turnaround ground ops / stores loading• Integrated vehicle/health management system• Automated & autonomous operations (technologies for uninhabited
& “man-out-of-loop” operations)• Conformal antenna arrays• Design cycle reduction tools / methods
Focus: “Bombs on Target” and Affordable Operations
KEY TECHNOLOGY AREAS Technology Readiness Matrix
Technology Area Mach 0.8 Mach 1.7 Mach 2.5 Mach 3.5 Mach 5 Mach 8 Mach 10 Mach 15Airframe/ConfigurationCounter Measures / Self DefenseNext Generation LO B2++ B2++ B2+ B2 B2-
Aero Efficiency 15 M*L/D 19 M*L/D 25 M*L/D 30 M*L/D 40 M*L/D 55 M*L/D 60 M*L/D 75 M*L/D
Controls / AutonomyPropulsionSub/Supersonic Propulsion sfc=.6, T/W>10 sfc=.8, T/W>10 sfc=1.0, T/W>10sfc=1.5, T/W>10
High Mach Accel Propulsion Fn/Wa=120 Fn/Wa=100 Fn/Wa=100 Fn/Wa=100 Fn/Wa=100
High Mach Cruise Propulsion Isp=1500 Isp = 1000 Isp = 2500 Isp = 1500
Structures
Low Mass Fraction Composite 50% Woe 45% Woe 35% Woe 30% Woe
Hot Structure 500F 1300F 2000F 2700F
Actively Cooled L.E. 3000F 3700F 5000F
Light Weight TPS 2700F 3300F
Low Cost Manufacture / AssemblyFuels & TankageIntegral H/C Fuel Tank 40% Wf 45% Wf 60% 65% Wf 65% Wf 65% Wf
Integral Cryogenic Fuel Tank 55% Wf 55% Wf
Endothermic JP BTU/lb=0 BTU/lb=0 BTU/lb=0 BTU/lb=? BTU/lb=270 BTU/lb=700
Cryogenic H2Vehicle Management/TurnaroundPrognostic Health Management 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint 1 hr maint
Integrated Vehicle SubsystemRapid Weapon Loading / Refuel 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service 1 hr service
Weapons IntegrationInventory Weapon 1000 lb 1000 lb 1000lb 1000 lb
Small Smart Bomb 250 lb 250 lb 250lb 250 lb 250 lb
High Mach Weapon 1000 lb Vimp=4000 fps Vimp=4000 fps Vimp=4000 fps
Separation AerodynamicsDirected Energy WeaponSensors/AvionicsLO AperturesHigh Mach AperturesTargeting/Tracking