GJBX-33 '76

AERIAL RADIOMETRIC AND MAGNETIC SURVEY

CLOVIS NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAP,TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO

PREPARED FOR THE U.S. ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATIOGRAND JUNCTION OFFICE

UNDER BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATION SUB-CONTRACT NO. 76-011-S

Geodata International, Inc.

9731 DENTON DRIVE " DALLAS, TEXAS

VOL. 1

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LEGAL NOTICE

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United StatesGovernment. Neither the United States nor the United States Energy Researchand Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any of theircontractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express orimplied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or processdisclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

AERIAL RADIOMETRIC AND MAGNETIC SURVEY OF

THE CLOVIS NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAP, NI 13-6

TEXAS AND NEW MEXICO

PREPARED FOR THE

UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATIONGRAND JUNCTION OFFICE

GRAND JUNCTION, COLORADO 81501

UNDER BENDIX FIELD ENGINEERING CORPORATIONSUB-CONTRACT NO. 76-011-S

August 19, 1976

GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC.9731 Denton Drive

Dallas, Texas 75220

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Title Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1

A. GENERAL 1B. OBJECTIVES AND PLAN 1

II. GEODATA COMPUTER AIRBORNE SYSTEM 5

A. GENERAL 5B. FLIGHT RECOVERY METHODS 10C. DATA REDUCTION 10D. DATA PRESENTATION 12

1. MODCDT TAPE 122. LDT TAPE 173. DOPTAP TAPE 214. GEOL TAPES 225. MAGDAT TAPES 24

III. GEOLOGY OF THE SURVEYED AREA 26

A. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY 26B. GENERAL GEOLOGY 26

1. Stratigraphy - Clovis Sheet 27C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS EXPOSED IN THE

CLOVIS AREA 27D. SOILS 31E. URANIUM MINERALIZATION 33

IV. RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSES 36

A. GEOLOGIC BASE MAPS 36B. NATIONAL GAMMA RAY MAP SERIES (NGRMS) 36C. PROFILES OF DATA RESULTS 36D. MAGNETIC TAPES AND LISTINGS 38E. STATISTICAL AND GEOLOGICALLY-CREATED DEVIATIONS IN

RESULTANT DATA 38F. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE 38G. MICROFICHE REPRODUCTION OF DOPTAP AND GEOL LISTINGS 39H. BASE LINES 39I. ANOMALOUS 2 1 4 Bi AND 2 1 4 Bi/ 2 0 8 T1 DETECTED FROM

EXAMINATION OF PROFILE LINES 39

REFERENCES 44-47

TABLES 1-4 48-51

APPENDIX Al-A13

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT

Figure Title Page

1. Index Map Showing Area Surveyed 2

2. Clovis NTMS Indicating Flight Line Location 3

3. Data Flow Diagram 4

4. Douglas DC-3S 6

5. System Block Diagram 7

6. Geodata Computer Airborne System 8

7. Typical End-of-Flight Line Spectral Plot 9

8. Typical Map Line Located By Doppler Navigation Data 11

9. Typical Map Line Showing Statistical Deviations 11

10. MODCDT Schematic 13

11. LDT Schematic 18

12. Subsurface Structural Patterns, TexasPanhandle (after Nicholson, 1960) 28

13. General Soil Map of Texas Showing Area In NorthwestTexas (After Texas A & M University and The SoilConservation Service, 1973) 32

14. Location of uranium, copper mineralization andradioactivity anomalies (after Haigler andSutherland, 1965; and AEC Prelim. Recon. Rept.) 34

15. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, All Geologic Units 40

16. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Function

of Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qds 41

17. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qtp 42

18. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit To 43

SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

A. GENERAL

Geodata International, Incorporated, conducted an airborne gamma rayand total magnetic field survey which covered a region of North Texas, New Mexicoand Oklahoma. The specific area of this report as outlined on Figure 1 was

surveyed from an aircraft using large-volume radiation detectors with computer-

controlled airborne equipment. Each map line was flown in an east-west directionwith an average length of 120 miles and each tie line was flown in a north-south

direction with an average length of 69 miles. Map lines and tie lines were sur-

veyed spaced at intervals indicated on Figure 2. The data for the total areaof Figure 1 were gathered between March-July, 1976.

B. OBJECTIVE AND PLAN

The airborne data gathered were reduced using ground-based computerfacilities to give the basic uranium, thorium and potassium equivalent gamma

radiation intensities, ratios of these intensities, aircraft altitude above the

earth's surface, total gamma ray and earth's magnetic field intensity, corre-

lated as a function of geologic units indicated from available geologic maps.Results of analyses of these field data are presented as profile plots of thegamma radiation and earth's magnetic field. The surveyed area of Figure 1, which

indicates latitude/longitude position, has been based according to the NationalTopographic Map Series (NTMS) which covers the United States with 10 latitude/20 longitude sheets. The topographic maps have a scale of approximately 1 inch =4 miles. Each final base map is an overlay of the NTMS basic map from which

certain geographic data have been transposed, and includes the available geologic

data. Each final base map has the surveyed flight lines superpositioned with thestandard deviations of each fifth data point relative to the average value withineach geologic unit as determined for each NTMS map. These base maps are identifiedas National Gamma Ray Map Series maps (NGRMS).

Computer profile plots of the gamma radiation and magnetic data have

been created for all surveyed map lines and tie lines. Each line has indicatedon the profiled line the location of each geologic type as a function of recordnumber. The distribution of data within each geologic unit has been calculatedand is included. The scale of the profile data in this final report is 1:500,000and the scale of the NGRMS is both 1:250,000 and 1:500,000. The bound final re-port containing the 1:500,000 profile data will also contain the flight linemap, geologic base of the pertinent NTMS and the NGRMS maps indicating thestandard deviations at the scale of 1:500,000. Two sets of profiled data foreach line flown are included with one set displaying magnetic field, gamma ra-

diation and other data. The second set includes only magnetic field, tempera-

ture, pressure and altitude data. Each set contains the flight line location

relative to the geologic map. All data have been located giving latitude andlongitude positions in fractional degrees as made possible from continuousdoppler encoding of the aircraft location. Data have been acquired and processedaccording to the data flow shown in Figure 3.

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within the ERDA permanent data bank.

This final report includes a general geologic description of thearea, including descriptions of the various geologic units and correlates the

airborne data to the geologic units as provided by the geologic maps. Alsoincluded is a frequency distribution study of the data as a function of the

geologic units encountered over the NTMS area including tie line data.

The final report is composed of a report on the area surveyed whichincludes all DOPTAP and GEOL computer output final data on MICROFICHE for allprofile data for the map lines and tie lines surveyed.

4

SECTION II

GEODATA COMPUTER AIRBORNE SYSTEM

A. GENERAL

The Geodata Computer Airborne System (GCAS) is mounted in a DouglasSuper DC-3 shown in Figure 4. The functional block diagram is shown in Figure5 and the airborne system is presented in Figure 6. Nine (9) 111" dia. by 4"thick NaI(Tl) detectors are used to measure the spectral gamma ray intensityat an aircraft elevation of about 400 feet above the earth's surface. Eight (8)of these nine (9) detectors are positioned to measure the gamma rays from theearth's surface (from 4ir solid angle). The ninth detector is mounted, partiallyshielded, to monitor 2 1 4Bi radiation incoming from the upper 21r solid angle.

Each detector has a volume of 415 cubic inches. Eight detectors

give a total volume for measurement of 4'n solid angle data of 3320 cubic inches,or a V/v = 23.7 at an aircraft speed of 140 mph (V = detector volume, in. 3;

v = aircraft speed, mph). However, the effective detector volume is larger for

measurement of 2 14 Bi since normal procedure in gamma ray spectral energy data re-

duction is to measure the counts in the 1.46 MeV energy window from 40K, in the1.764 MeV energy window from 2 1 4Bi and in the 2.615 MeV energy window from 208 T9.Geodata's data reduction methods utilize multi-energy windows above 1.0 Mev for2 14Bi calculations, and relative to the energy in the photopeak about 1.764 MeValone, gains an increase in counts by a factor of 2.90. This gives the statisti-

cal improvement in counting rate which would be gained by about 9 large detectors,

or an effective V/v = 26.7 at an aircraft speed of 140 mph.

The system block diagram of Figure 5 shows the center of the systemto be the NOVA computer. The 8-detector data are accumulated for each one-

second data integration period in a manner giving no dead-time for read-outonto magnetic tapes. Two magnetic tape recorders are used, one recording totalspectral data and computer results (LDT), and the other only the computer results(CDT). Digital-to-analog conversion-of the resultant intensities, their ratiosand magnetic data are plotted onto multitrack paper as data are gathered allow-ing immediate examination for anomalous data. A third section of the computer

core gathers spectral radiation data and continues to sum each second's data

until the end of the flight line (EOFL), Figure 7. The spectral data from the

single detector are normally accumulated each 19 seconds, depending upon the

variation of atmospheric radon decay daughters. The computer uses data fromthe shielded detector to determine the concentration of the atmospheric 2 1 4Bi

which allows calculation of the surface-emanated 2 1 4Bi values before altitude

corrections. The computer then corrects all data to a constant aircraft altitude

above the surface of 400 feet. A highly accurate radar altimeter, the CollinsALT-50 system, makes 8 measurements/second and gives from the computer the ave-rage of these eight readings. Automatic digital gain calibration of the 8-detec-tor and 1-detector system is accomplished by stabilizing on the 4 0K photopeakdata.

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A 0.5 gamma proton precession magnetometer is also sampled once persecond providing a measurement of the total intensity of the earth's magneticfield. The sensor is carried as a "bird" on a 100 foot cable to minimize themagnetic effects of the aircraft, (Figure 4). Digitizing of doppler navigationcross-track and along-track analog data allows position information to be recordedeach second. This Bendix DRA - 12C system has a + 100th/nautical mile accuracy.A permanent record of flight location is also made using 35-mm film which recordsa continuous recoverable track with 20% overlap/frame at an elevation of 400feet. Any two 6-digit numbers are displayed during flight; one allows the navi-gator to observe the record number-of-the-day along the flight line and the second

allows the GCAS operator to observe any computer number desired.

The attenuation of gamma radiation is calculated using equations account-ing for air density and uses theoretical values of the published data for attenua-tion coefficients. The energy region from 3-6 Mev is used to allow cosmic eventsto be removed from the data in the energy range 0-3 Mev. Energy resolution fromthe 1 37Cs 662.0 Kev photopeak was 9.0% or better for each detector.

The GCAS equipment has 3 basic operating modes: (1) CALIBRATE, whichallows proper gain calibration of the radiation detectors to be set; (2) OPERATE,which allows data to be received, reduced and recorded, and (3) PLAYBACK, whichallows the operator to examine the newly acquired data.

B. FLIGHT RECOVERY METHODS

Doppler navigation system data have been used to locate the flight lineposition of most of the data. These doppler lines have been positioned by manylocations determined by photography and/or navigator visual position locationas a function of displayed record numbers. These data are plotted giving theflight path as a line of dots, each dot. representing every 5th record location,and each X represents every 50th record location. Figure 8 indicates the plot of

a typical map line. The use of doppler data for flight line locating is moreaccurate than the use of photography, especially when the region surveyed hasinsufficiently detailed base maps or has featureless topography.

C. DATA REDUCTION.

Field data tapes were received in Dallas and were immediately processedto determine data quality. Normally only CDT tapes are processed to give theresults; however, if digital problems exist in the CDT, the LDT, which has totalspectral data, is used to recover the data. Data reduction is accomplished accord-

ing to the data flow shown in Figure 3. Reduction procedure requires matrixoperator data multiplication, instrument live time and radiation background cor-

rection, calculation of the airborne 21 4Bi concentration and removal of the2 14Bi airborne contribution from the 8-detector data, and altitude correctionto a constant 400 feet above the surface. Data reduction matrices have

been acquired in an airborne environment, and under constant detector energy

10

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Figure 8. - Typical Map Line Located By Doppler Navigation Data

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resolution conditions. Removal of the cosmic ray-created energy contribution

to the field spectrum is necessary in order to give proper reduction of the208 T2, 21 4Bi and 4 0 K data. Reduction of each one-second spectral record givesbasic 208 T2, 2 1 4Bi and 40 K data where instrument live time correction and air-

craft background count removal must be made prior to altitude correction to 400

foot elevation above the surface.

D. DATA PRESENTATION

The surveyed area was positioned geographically to completely coverthe specific National Topographic Map. Each topographic map has been used asthe flight base and sufficient geographical and 15' location information havebeen shown. The flight line pattern has been superpositioned onto these createdbase maps where the standard deviation levels for each independent variable and

each ratio of these variables have been plotted (NGRMS) based on the data con-tained within the total map area. Every 5th data point along each map line hasits standard deviation value shown at the location of that value. Therefore, thereare 6 NGRMS sheets which indicate the location and magnitude of anomalous data.(See Figure 9)

The multivariable map line profile, which represents all variablesas a function of their latitude.and longitude location for each line, is pre-

sented at a scale of 1:500,000. Each profile presents:

1. aircraft altitude above the surface 7. gross count (greater than 400 Kev)2. 20 8TQ (from 2 3 2Th decay series) 8. s4Bi/2 0 8TR ratio3. 214Bi (from 238U decay series) 9. 214Bi/4 0K ratio4. 40K (from natural potassium) 10. 208TI/ 40K ratio5. BiAir (atmospheric 214Bi) 11. geologic data6. Residual magnetic field data

The residual magnetic field map line profile, which represents four

variables as a function of their latitude and longitude location for each line,plus geologic data at a scale of 1:500,000 is presented as:

1. aircraft altitude 4. residual magnetic field data2. atmospheric temperature 5. geologic data

3. atmospheric pressure

The airborne field system creates 2 tapes, the LDT tape which pro-vides total spectral information and the CDT tape which provides computer con-densed data (Figure 3). The processing of data normally involves only the CDTtape on which final editing is made and from which a modified CDT tape (MDDCDT)is created. The MODCDT tape represents corrected and final field data prior

to final data processing. The M1DCDT and the LDT tapes are described below.

1. MODCDT TAPE

CODE: Binary, 800 bpiWORD SIZE: 16 bits

12

CONTROL WORDS: None

BLOCK COUNT: None

A schematic representation of the MODCDT is shown in Figure 10. A

description is given below.

D

C CENDOFTAPE

ABHBI 2 1681121 68B 1 2 -17612131415 6768 TBBH623 68 B A A

Figure 10. - MODCDT Schematic

A = File mark (EOF)

B = Record gapH = Header record (100 words)

C = Logical record (10 one second measurements consisting of a totalof 680 words or 688 words as explained later)

D = Physical record (One Flight Line)

T = Trailer record (780 words)

AA = Two EOF at End of Tape

During the survey, measurements are made every one second using 8

unshielded NaI(TI) detectors and every 19 seconds using 1 shielded NaI(TR) detector.

The first logical record (C) will have the data obtained from the 8 detectors only

and will contain 680 words. The next logical record will contain the data from

the 8 detectors, and one of these measurements will contain the data from the 1

shielded detector for a total of 688 words. This scheme repeats throughout the

flight line. A description of one second's worth of data is included below:

One Second Measurement (10 such measurements in a Logical Record) - MODCDT TAPE

Word No. Description Comments

1 Type of record (0 or 1) 1 indicates shielded detector dataadded

2 Record Number Increments each second

13

Word No.

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14-18

19

20

21

Description Comments

Live Time Count Live time for 8 detectors,

in milliseconds

Hour

Minutes

Seconds

Day

Month

Year

Flight Line Number Not necessarily same as MapLine number. Increments eachFlight Line.

Radar Altitude Voltage from altimeter

Barometric pressure

Temperature

(Not used)

Sum of counts in channels256-511, 8.detectors

Sum of counts in channels207-239, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels91-113 and 141-206, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels114-140, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels91-113, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels

35-90, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels

11-22, 8 detectors

22

23

24

25

14

Comments

Sum of counts in channels

11-34, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels

57-62, 8 detectors

(Not Used)

Altitude in feet

(Not Used)

Magnetometer

Magnetometer

(Not Used)

Sign of X

X in Doppler Units

Sign of Y

Y in Doppler Units

Two Words required. Last in-teger of word 46 is same asfirst integer of word 47.

Doppler Output, 0 indicateslocation 52 if positive.

Along track

Doppler Output, 0 indicateslocation 54 is positive.

Left or Right of track

(Not Used)

0 Type 0 Record only (see word #1)

If the 1 second being measured is also the end of a 19 second periodfor obtaining the shielded detector data (indicated by a 1 in Word #1), thefollowing words are added.

Live time count Type 1 record only. Live timefor shielded detector in milli-second s

Sum of counts in channels256-512, shielded detector

Sum of counts in channels207-239, shielded detector

Sum of counts in channels57-62, 91-113 and 141-206,shielded detector

26

27

28-41

42

43-45

46

47

48-50

51

52

53

54

55-67

68

68

69

70

71

15

Word No.

Word No. Description Comments

72 Sum of counts in

channels 114-140,shielded detector

73 Sum of counts inchannels 91-113,shielded detector

74 Sum of counts in

channels 35-90,shielded detector

75 Sum of counts inchannels 57-62,shielded detector

76 1

Header and Trailer Records on MODCDT

The Header Record consists of 100 Words and appears at the start ofeach physical record (start of each flight line). The only information used isthe first two Words.

1st Word = 1

2nd Word = Flight line number

The Trailer Record consists of 780 Words and appears at the end of

each physical record (end of each flight line). A description is given below.

Word No. Description Comments

1 2 Record type

2 Hour Start of Flight Line

3 Minute Start of Flight Line

4 Seconds Start of Flight Line

5 Hour End of Flight Line

6 Minute End of Flight Line

7 Seconds End of Flight Line

8 Day

16

Description

9

10

11

12

13

14

2. LDT TAPE

CODE: Binary 556 biVV~lL0 LA L"A.y, ~~V L

WORD SIZE: 16 bitsCONTROL WORDS: NoneBLOCK COUNT: None

17

Month

Year

Flight Line Number

Live time count,8 detectors

Over flow

Counts in channels

256-511, 8 detectors

End of flight linespectrum, 8 detectors

Live Time count,

shielded detector

Over flow

Counts in channels

256-511, shieldeddetector

End of flight linespectrum, shieldeddetector

Total live time during flightline in milliseconds

First 8 bits for Word 11.Second 8 bits for Word 12.

Total count obtained during

flight line

Spectrum accumulated over en-

tire flight line beginning withchannel 1. Calibration is 2.615Mev in channel 224

Total live time during flightline in milliseconds

First 8 bits for Word 395.Second 8 bits for Word 396.

Total count obtained during

flight line

Spectrum accumulated over en-tire flight line beginning withchannel 1. Calibration is 2.615Mev in channel 224.

15-395

396

397

398

399-780

Word No. Commients

Li r a-

A schematic representation of the LDT is shown in Figure 11. A des-

scription is given below.

D

C C ENDOF

TM TAPE

Figure 11. - LDT Schematic

A = File markB = Record gap

H = Header record (100 words)

C = Logical record (1 second of data consisting of a total of 1023

or 1289 words as explained later)D = Physical record (one flight line)T = Trailer record (780 words)

AA = Two EOF at end of tape

During the survey, measurements are made every one second using 8

unshielded NaI(TR) detectors and every 19 seconds using 1 shielded NaI(T()detector. For 18 seconds, 18 logical records will be obtained from the 8

detectors only for a total of 1023 words per logical record. The 19th logicalrecord will contain the data from the 8 detectors plus the data from the shielded

detector for a total of 1289 words. This scheme repeats throughout the flight

line. Note that a logical record for the LDT is 1 seconds' worth of data (one

measurement) whereas a logical record for the CDT is 10 seconds worth of data

(10 measurements).

One Second Measurement (One Logical Record) - LDT TAPE

Word No. Description Comments

1 Type of record (0 or 1) 1 indicates shielded detector dataadded

2 Record number Increments each second

18

Description

Live time count Live time for 8 detectors in milli-seconds

Sum of counts in channels256-511, 8 detectors

1 second spectrum 8detectors

Calibrated for 2.615 Mev in channel224

(Not Used)

Hour

Minute

Seconds

Day

Month

Year

5 - 258

259-280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289-295

296

297

298

299

300

Not necessarily the same as Map Linenumber. Increments each flight line.

Radar Altitude

(Not Used)

Sum of counts in channels

256-511, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels207-239, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels91-113 and 141-206, 8detectors

Sum of counts in channels114-140, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels91-113, 8 detectors

3

4

Flight line number

19

Word No. Comments

Word No.

301

302

303

304

305-318

319

320-326

327

328

329-331

332

333

334

335

Magnetometer

Comments

Two Words required. Last integer

of Word 327 is same as first integer

of Word 328.

Magnetometer

(Not Used)

Sign of X Doppler output, 0 indicateslocation 333 is positive.

S .in Doppler Units

Sign of Y

Along track

Doppler output, 0 indicates location335 is positive.

Y in doppler units Right or left track

336-1023 (Not Used)

If the 1 second being measured is also the end of a 19 second periodfor obtaining the shielded detector data (indicated by a 1 in Word #1), the fol-lowing words are added.

1024-1026 (Not Used)

Live time count Live time for shielded in milliseconds

Description

Sum of counts in channels35-90, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels11-22, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels11-34, 8 detectors

Sum of counts in channels57-62, 8 detectors

(Not Used)

Altitude in feet

(Not Used)

1.027

20

Word No. Description Comments

1028 Sum of counts in channels

256-511 shielded detector

1029-1282 1 second spectrum shielded Calibrated for 2.615 Mev indetector channel 224.

1283 Sum of counts in channels256-512, shielded detector

1284 Sum of counts in channels

207-239, shielded detector

1285 Sum of counts in channels

57-62, 91-113 and 141-206,shielded detector

1286 Sum of counts in channels

114-140, shielded detector

1287 Sum of counts in channels91-113, shielded detector

1288 Sum of counts in channels

35-90, shielded detector

1289 Sum of counts in channels

57-62, shielded detector

The Header and Trailer records for the LDT are identical to those for

the MODCDT.

3. DOPTAP TAPE

The final data processing involves insertion into the MODCDT data of thelatitude and longitude data. This processing develops a final resultant singlepoint, non-averaged data tape, with doppler location plot overlay and listings.

This tape is called the DOPTAP and the arrangement of data is given below.

CODE: Binary, 800 bpi

WORD SIZE: 36 bits

WORDS/RECORD: 20

RECORDS/BLOCK 100

21

BLOCKING INDICATORS: None

Included on this tape is the following information:

o Header Record

1. Project Identification

2. Geodata International, Inc.3. Date of Survey4. Map Line Numbers

0 Data Record

1. flight line number2. record number3. doppler X4. doppler Y

5. longitude6. latitude7. hour8. minute

9. day10. month

11. year

12. live time count 4 system13. BiAir14. altitude15. total count, (11-239)16. cosmic count

17. 2 08T118. 214Bi19. 40K20. magnetometer data, total field

21. magnetometer data, residual field22. temperature, air23. barometric pressure

24. gross count, (35-239)

There is an EOF at the start of the tape and after each flight line.

There are two EOF at the end of the tape.

4. GEOL TAPES

Further data processing of single point data uses various averaging

techniques to provide the final resultant data. The techniques used for these

data require linear averaging of 7 data points with the value plotted positioned

at data point 4 of these 7. These final values are stored on the GEOL tape.

During the processing of this tape, a profile plot tape is created which

22

provides data for the profile plots presented. The format of the GEOL tapes is

given below.

CODE: BCD, 800 bpi

BLOCKING: None

The first information contained on this tape is the Header Recordfollowed by a Summary Record and a Data Record.

The formats are:

Header Record: 300 character BCD Record containing;

1. Project identification

2. Geodata International, Inc.3. Date of survey4. Map line numbers

Summary Record:

Format (lX, 5(F8.2, F9.2), F8.3, F9.3, F10.0, F7.0, 1X, A6)

The data contained in th 1 gummar Record consists of the standard

deviation and mean value for 208TR, Bi, 4UK, 21 4Bi/2 08TR, 2 1 4Bi/4 0K, 20 8T/ 4 0K,the number of records involved in geologic type, the starting record number forthe geologic type and the geologic type. This information is repeated for eachgeologic type encountered during the flight line.

After the Summary Record a 2-word record is written as:

FORMAT (lX, F8.2, F9.2)

The first word contains all 9's. The second word is the map line number.

Following the 2-word key the flight line information is written accor-ding to:

FORMAT (12, 15, 4F8.4, 512, 216, F6.2, F7.2, F6.2, F10.3, 3F7.2, 3F7.3)

This section of the tape contains the following information per theabove Format.

1. Flight line number2. Record number

3. X-value

4. Y-value5. Longitude

6. Latitude

23

7. Hour8. Minute9. Day

10. Month

11. Year

12. Altitude13. T 8gal Count, (11-239)14. Tf (from thorium-232 decay series)

15. 2 1 4Bi (from uranium-238 decay series)16. 4 0 K (from natural potassium)

17. Magnetometer data, total field18. Magnetometer data, residual field19. 2 08TI deviation, from the mean

20. 2 14 Bi deviation from the mean

21. 4 0K deviation from the mean22. 2 14Bi/2 08TR deviation from the mean23. 214Bi/40K deviation from the mean24. 2 0 8Tt/4 0 K deviation from the mean

25. Barometric pressure

26. Temperature, air27. Gross count, (35-239)28. Geologic Unit

5. MAGDAT Tapes

The magnetic field data have been retrieved from the GEOL tape

together with certain other data as listed and the MAGDAT tape has been created

for all data. Information included on MAGDAT tape is:

1. Flight line number

2. Record number

3. Surface geology

4. Total magnetic field5. Residual magnetic field

6. Altitude7. Barometric pressure8. Latitude

9. Longitude

10. Temperature

The format of the MAGDAT tape is given as:

CODE: BCD, 800 bpi

FORMAT (215, A6, F9.2, F6.1, 15, F5.2, 2F.8)

24

Each MAGDAT tape includes a header record having the followinginformation:

1. Project identification2. NTMS sheet name3. Geodata International, Inc.4. Date of survey

contract.

deviations

follows:

The DOPTAP, GEOL and MAGDAT tapes are delivered to ERDA under thisStandard deviations, as presented on the listing, indicate the level ofshown as dots every fifth location on Figure 9 accordingly as

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

+3 stars: value >3Q+2 stars: 2

ur value <3c+1 star: lcr value < 2ublank: 0< value <1rminus (-): -lc<value <0-1 star: -2u< value < -la-2 stars: -3Q< value <-2c

-3 stars: value <-3a

Frequency distributions of the 2 0 8TR, 2 14Bi, 40 K and their ratios, as a functionof geologic type over the total area, are included.

25

SECTION III

GEOLOGY OF THE SURVEYED AREA

A. LOCATION AND TOPOGRAPHY

The Clovis sheet of the 1:250,000 National Topographic Map Series

(NTMS) is located between 34000' - 35000' north latitude and 102000' - 104000'

west longitude in western Texas Panhandle and eastern New Mexico (See Figure 1).

The Texas Panhandle - eastern New Mexico area is a part of the High

Plains Physiographic Province. The Plains surface is generally flat with a

southeastward slope averaging 8 to 10 feet per mile in Texas and becoming some-

what steeper in northeastern New Mexico. It is generally devoid of prominent

topographic features except for the Canadian River which is entrenched in a deep

valley across the Texas Panhandle. The plains region south of the Canadian River

Valley, known as the Southern High Plains, Staked Plains or Llano Estacado, is

essentially a plateau, bounded on the north by the deep valley of the Canadian

River and on the east and west by prominent erosional escarpments. The surface

of the Staked Plains consists of a widespread sheet of Cenozoic continental

deposits derived from the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains and laid down

on a low-relief erosion surface of Permian and Mesozoic rocks. Eolian deposits

and small playa basins, most of which are less than a mile in diameter and lessthan 50 feet deep, modify the Staked Plains surface.

The Clovis survey area is situated in the Southern High Plains south

of the Canadian River Valley.

B. GENERAL GEOLOGY

The structure of the Panhandle area is dominated by the Amarillo

Mountain uplift and the less prominent Matador Arch which are separated by the

Palo Duro Basin (See Figure 12). North of the Amarillo Mountains - Oldham nose

(Bravo dome) uplift trend are the shallow Dalhart basin in the northwest Panhandle

area and the deep, assymetric Anadarko basin north of the Amarillo uplift.

Immediately west of the Texas Panhandle is the massive Sierra Grande uplift of

northeast New Mexico. Structural development probably started in late Mississippi-

an time with intermittent periods of stability and rejuvenated uplift along the

same axes throughout Paleozoic time (Nicholson, 1960). Regional uplift occurred

and was followed by deposition of nonmarine Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments and

Quaternary eolian deposits.

Quaternary eolian and Recent fluviatile-eolian deposits are far

more widespread over the plains region than the lacustrine and stream deposits.

The surface deposits which cover most of the plains to an average thickness of

20 to 40 feet are largely of eolian origin and include "cover sands" and activedunes as well as well-preserved dunes now anchored by vegetation (Evans and

Meade, 1944).

The major subsurface structural feature in the Clovis Sheet area is

the western part of the Palo Duro Basin.

26

1. Stratigraphy - Clovis Sheet

The surface stratigraphy within the Clovis Sheet consists of near-

horizontal, predominately clastic, terrigenous sediments and sedimentary rocks

of Upper Triassic to Recent age. Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous sediments

are exposed primarily in the northwest survey area. In eastern New Mexico,

marginal marine beds of Cretaceous age occur in discontinuous outcrops along

the escarpment of the Llano Estacado and in outlying buttes and mesas. A short

distance to the west, correlatives of these strata, if present, are represented

by rocks of continental origin (Dobrovolny et al., 1946).

The Pliocene Ogallala formation consists of fluviatile deposits,predominately sand with some silt and local lenses of coarse gravel, resting

on an erosional surface with several hundred feet relief. The Ogallala sedi-

ments were derived mainly from the eastern ranges of the Rocky Mountains. They

range up to 200 feet in thickness in the west and increase in thickness to the

east. The formation is distinguished at the top by the complex "caprock" lime-stone; a product of weathering during the period of aridity that marked thelatest phase of Tertiary time. (Frye and Leonard, 1957).

A sequence of Pleistocene deposits rest unconformably on theOgallala representing erosional activity and cyclic episodes of alluvial andeolian deposition which are correlated with glacial periods.

C. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ROCK UNITS EXPOSED IN THE CLOVIS AREA

Thin deposits of windblown cover sand and other eolian deposits formmuch of the surface of the High Plains in New Mexico and Texas although extensivecover sand deposits on the Ogallala formation are not shown. Clastic sedimentaryrocks of Mesozoic age are exposed along the Llano Estacado escarpment. Eachexposed lithologic unit is briefly described based on the Geologic Map of NewMexico; the Geologic Map of Texas; and U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investi-gations Atlas HA-330.

27

IO K L A H O ANTICLINEISYNCLINE

- - (Arrow shows plungeof axis)

0 10 20 40 60 MILES

DrA ADARILLO

L- WIHIAFAL

0~ 8 A SI CLINTON

LOVIS PLAT VIEW TJ* -~

0 R M~AN ASIN -

MATADOR -TREN

ROWNFI LD LUB OCK WICHITA FALLS

Figure 12. Subsurface Structural Patterns. Texas

0V

WZ

Triassic to Quaternary

Geologic units in the Clovis 1:250,000, sheet northeast New Mexico and northwestTexas. (From Geologic Map of New Mexico, 1:500,000, 1965; Geologic Map of Texas,1:500,000, 1937; U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-330,1:500,000, 1969).

Quaternary:

Recent - Pleistocene:

Qal: AlluviumQab: Alluvium, bolson and other surficial deposits

Qds: Dune Sand

Qtp: Pediment and terrace deposits

Tertiary:

Pliocene:

To: Ogallala formation

Cretaceous:

K: Cretaceous undivided

Kgh: Greenhorn limestoneKgr: Graneros shale

Kd: Dakota sandstone

Kw: Washita group (in Texas)

Jurassic:

J: Jurassic undivided~Jm: Morrison formation

Jsr: San Raphael group

Triassic:

I : Triassic undivided' c: Chinle formation

Sd: Dockum group (in Texas)

29

Triassic

Upper Triassic sediments in West Texas and eastern New Mexico cropout in the valley of the Canadian River and along the western escarpment of the

Llano EstacadQ.

Chinle formation ( c)

The dominately argillaceous Chinle formation consists of 700 to 800feet of dark red sandy shale succeeded by 25 to 425 feet of variegated shale,

limestone and sandstone called the Redonda member (Dobrovolny, et al., 1946).The clastic Triassic sediments may also be mapped as the Dockum group or un-divided in scattered outcrops in Texas (& d) and New Mexico ( ).

Jurassic

Jurassic sedimentary rocks occur only along the western margin ofthe High Plains and have not been found in other parts of the Southern High

Plains.

San Raphael group (Jsr)

The San Raphael group includes up to 140 feet of medium- to fine-grained, cross-bedded in part, red and white sandstone (Wingate ?) with lenses

of conglomerate and red arenaceous shale at the base (Dobrovolny, et al., 1946).

Morrison formation (Jm)

The Morrison formation is made up of interbedded green and red shaleand gray sandstone. The upper part consists of gray and buff, cliff-forming,cross-bedded sandstone. Thickness of the Morrison ranges up to 250 feet. Alongthe northern margin of the sheet the Jurassic is mapped as a single unit (J).

Cretaceous

Minor, scattered outcrops of Cretaceous sediments exist primarily a-long the northern boundary of the Clovis Sheet. They are mapped as Cretaceous,undivided (K); Greenhorn limestone (Kgh); Graneros shale (Kgr); Dakota sandstone

(Kd); and Washita group (Kw) in Texas.

Tertiary

A widespread sheet of continental deposits, derived from the eastern

range of the Rocky Mountains, was laid down on a low-relief surface of Paleozoic

and Mesozoic rocks.

Pliocene

30

Ogallala formation (To)

The Pliocene Ogallala formation is a fine-to-medium grained, reddish-tan to gray fluviatile sand intermixed with silt, clay and discontinuous channelgravels. Impure irregular limestone (caliche) up to 12 feet thick at the top,forms the "caprock" of the High Plains escarpment. Volcanic ash is widely dis-tributed in the Ogallala in the High Plains but has not been observed in Texassouth of the Panhandle area (Frye and Leonard, 1957). The Ogallala formationhas a maximum thickness of 550 feet and thins to the west to less than 200 feetin New Mexico.

Quaternary

Thin, widespread sheets of eolian sands, alluvial and lacustrinedeposits developed during the Pleistocene. The deposits have been correlated

with major Pleistocene glacial periods and other climatic cycles.

Pleistocene - Recent deposits

A wide variety of alluvial, upland residual and eolian depositshave been mapped in the New Mexico area. However, the windblown "cover sand"was not shown on the Geologic Maps of New Mexico or Texas, although it forms athin but extensive cover on the Ogallala except along the Canadian River Valley

and the Llano Estacado escarpment.

The Pleistocene - Recent deposits include:

(Qtp - Pediment, terrace and other deposits of sand and gravel

Qds - Dune sandQab - Alluvium, bolson and other surficial depositsQal - Alluvium

D. SOILS

The General Soil Map of Texas (1973) presents a general descriptionof the various soil types and their distribution. A copy of this map for north-west Texas is shown in Figure 13. The primary division of the soils is (1)nearly level soils of the High Plains; (2) red to brown soils formed in outwash,clayey to silty red beds or limestone in the Rolling Plains. Further subdivisionof the soils is presented based primarily on physical characteristics of the soil,development of the soil profile, the slope of the surface, and climate. Charac-teristics most important to the present survey are those related to the parentmaterial of the soils, soil chemistry and mineralogy.

For a more detailed discussion of the soils the reader is referred tothe New Mexico and Texas County Soil Survey Series, Soil Conservation Service,U.S. Department of Agriculture. Detailed soil distribution is commonly shown

on aerial photographs at a scale of 1:20,000 in the county surveys.

31

'^" 64-M 13

- ---- ---I--.- _

FgrNi1HANSFORD 1 OCHILTREE' LI

I

IS I' ~ r"C u

2 :. CUM C R I

1 A

46-M a

OLDHAM

4 I

... - .

RAND

DEAF SMIT H CL

-59-M

PARMERCASTRO

Mulesh H

BAILEY

BRO JLa- --- -- ----

' ~ Levelland 6 LUbbo116COCHRAN I HOCKLEY

YOAKUM I

IOwnfMM

TERR

65-A

Figure 13. - General Soil Map of Texas Showing Area In Northwest Texas (After TexasA & M University and The Soil Conservation Service, 1973)

Lo3N"

51 - M Tillmsme-Miler Springer .... .. .. 1,600,000 Ttl 1,000II TOWa 24,000,a00

ARMSTRO

471 N

97 SWISHER RlSCOE

T. MHIL RESS "6 I 6

59-M

FLOYD FJAR

1 -0 MOTLEY CO v ,

07 JLAY ri

_ ... - - -- -TAG

L K I - - - - - 51-M lYf

50-A -. 4

k I 2 ' or-/BAY'OR , 41-ACO Y. ENS ARCHER

- ab47-l 4 -TONE WAL - OCu: RTON 62

2-A I ENT 43-43-LYNN GAZ 12

oss , N2424

IaHSE YOUNG

3-M 47- C

- - - - I - - -r .! - 2 1-

sc r

RED TO BROWN SOILS FORMED INOUTWASH, CLAYEY TO SILTY RED

BEDS, OR OVER LIMESTONEIN THE ROLLING PLAINS

MOLLISOLS, ALFISOLS, INCEPTISOLS, ARIDISOLS

Map Symbols Ap

imateAssos atio Acrage

Soilithlomy surface layer and lyey o loamy

woile over indurated clche:Argiwtour, Calciw.tduWl, Paleowtou&,Ustuckr"PU4, Palewulf/

43-M Abilene-TTillma-Verone 3,700,00044-M Abilene-Rowena-Mie... 3,400,00045-M Row Sagertone-lereta 1,900,000

Mostly shallow and moderately deep woile overlimy earths, red beds or limestone; some deepwsilla t oamy surfac layr and claysubsoils:

*rtb"* ' Colciuau ' Cali , kde

46-M Msknr--Berd---Pott-- 3,700,00047-1 WoodwardoQuinlanVernon- 3,000,00048-M TarnO-Kavet-Rowena 2,400,000

Soils mat! loamoy t0roghout but some. wit1sny srfac layer an som wth clayey subsoils:

Pdl.o.Olfe, UstoAr.ptd, Palw.ar49-A Mie Springers-Woodward 2,600,00050-A Miler-Brownfield'-Olt 1,900,000

NEARLY LEVEL SOILSOF THE HIGH PLAINS

MOLLISOLS, ALFISOLS, ENTISOLS, ARIDISOLS

Map Symboloforoil AppoxoimteAsociaionsA

Ma~y wil ih loamy surfa layrnd clyesbil;some wil wt inurae topwelmwithin, 20 inches of the suracePales.tour, CaLcistolld

59-M Pullmano0lton--Mansker- 6,000,00060-M Sherm Grur.-Sunraye 2,650,00061-M Kimbroug-Slaughter. 560,000

Soilsmostlyo throughout with lime acumula.tion in the subsoil, some with clayey subsoils:Polollf, Pobo..lollW

62-A Amarillor-Acuff-Manaker .. 5,200,00063-A DaolaneSunray-Dumae 1,0D0,00064-M Sunrsy6-C toen'.ruver . 600,000

Soils with sandy surface layers and loamy cubwilo; and.wile sandy thoughout:Palwtle, Uipmaest

65-A Patriciae-Bruwnf eldTivli 2,000,000

Usually dry soils with sandy surface loper. andloomy subsoils; and usually dry wile sandythoughtHoplargidse, Torripsomoet1s

66-D Triomaolalmaro-Penwell 1,400,000

60-M 136 E

C5 HINSON i ir

RE I ROBERTS HM IL

l, CARSON

OTER60 4 -WHEELER(

59-M I

- ail - - COL LIGS

L IIWORTH

8

1

E. URANIUM MINERALIZATION

Commercial uranium deposits commonly are associated with pyritiferous,carbonaceous facies formed in arkosic fluvial sandstones. Adler (1970) has listed

geologic criteria for uranium mineralization (Dennison and Wheeler, 1972).

1. Fluvial depositional environment.

2. Sandstones are present.

3. Sandstone must be in part reddish (hematite) or brown

(limonite) in subsurface.

4. Strata contain carbonaceous material.

5. Sandstones contain pyrite.

6. Probably source area for sandstones is granitic or gneissicterrain.

7. Uranium is concentrated from tuffaceous sediments.8. Uranium is from deep-seated igneous sources.

9. Sandstones are feldspathic.10. Tectonism produces regional tilting which affects ground water

circulation.

11. Sandstones are overlain by broad erosional unconformities.

About 96% of the reasonably assured uranium resources of the U.S.

are in irregular stratiform deposits and in "roll" deposits in sandstones

(OECD-NEA and IAEA, 1973, p. 75).

Uranium exploration in West Texas in 1954-55 was concentrated in theDockum group (Triassic) immediately east of the High Plains escarpment. Hayes

(1956) describes prospects, uranium mineralization and minor ore shipments pri-

marily from Triassic rocks along the escarpment from Briscoe to Garza Counties

in the Plainview and Lubbock two-degree sheets of the Geologic Atlas of Texas.

Numerous additional radioactivity anomalies are reported by Geodata International,

Inc. (1975). The Southern Interstate Nuclear Board (1969) describes the uranium

industry in Texas and lists reported occurrences of uranium and anomalous radio-activity in Texas. Minor uranium mineralization in caliche in West Texas hasbeen described by Eargle (1956). Haigler and Sutherland (1965) note the occur-

rence of copper mineralization west of Logan, New Mexico; and uranium mineral-ization east of Tucumcari and near Norton, New Mexico, apparently all in Triassic

sedimentary rocks (See Figure 14). Additional occurrences of uranium mineral-

ization are briefly described in AEC Preliminary Reconnaissance Reports (Copiesavailable from the New Mexico Brueau of Mines and Mineral Resources), some ofwhich are shown in Figure 14.

Small uranium-copper deposits occur in the Permain red beds of south-west Oklahoma. Similar deposits of uranium probably occur in Permian red beds in

the adjacent part of northern Texas (Finch, 1955).

Pierce, et al (1964) made a detailed investigation of the relationshipsof helium and radon in natural gas, radium in brines, and uraniferous asphaltite

33

I.I I 1

K

OA

PA BL O MONTOYA GRAN

--4. I 4

H ARDNG I

29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36E10

03mpana

-- - 1

alle go

I

+

Wed

Ca

T

0 TUCUMCjR!

I le I I I- I I-I- r

OLockney

0Obar

Nara Vista0

'5

+ Ian

~ O~Q~fl I_____ I__13oHu

Lesbia0

Q UAn

0

Porter

12

II

Endia0

Montoya San JonI00' 10 I

Norton

S

OQuayCameron I0 Ima 0 I8

Bellvie wI 0Ragland Grady Broadview0JdF0

Jordan Forrest jL0

LEGEND4 COPPER

" URANIUM

ADDITIONAL URANIUM MINERALIZATIONAEC PRELIM. RPT. (N. MEX. BUR. MINESAND MIN. RES.)

McAlister

1J

C U R RAY

I

61

I 1 4-I4- I

j_ _ _ _ _I I__ __ _I I___ __1I__ __ _

Figure 14. Location of uranium, copper mineralization and

radioactivity anomalies (after Haigler and

Sutherland, 1965; and AEC Prelim. Recon. Rept.)

0 Canode14

0Atarque

0Q

0

1I

1I.'1

IT U

I

I

0

51

I34

SEEM

I oooo10#10

do

-_

i 0 i i 1 0I ' :law, i i

d O1

'f

1

0

i

i

i

i

pellets in lower Permain rocks from wells in the Panhandle gas fields. Previousradioactivity surveys adjacent to the Clovis sheet include the airborne gamma-ray spectral survey by Geodata International, Inc. (1975).

Gamma ray spectral data presents more detailed and more useful radio-activity information than total intensity surveys. The contribution of potassium(4 0K), uranium (2 14 Bi) and thorium (20 8T1) to the total activity can be deter-mined. Thus, anomalies related to uranium mineralization and ore bodies con-taining traces of uranium, such as phosphates, can be separated from those re-lated to thorium mineralization. Concentrations of potassium such as potashdeposits or accumulations of potash-bearing feldspars and clays may be notedor separated from the 21 4Bi and 2 0 8T1 data.

One of the best indicators of anomalous 21 4 Bi is the 214Bi/208Tlratio since it has been shown that this ratio removed, to a large degree, theeffect of variations in clay concentration in soils (Foote, 1968). The profilepresentation indicates the magnitude of these anomalous values, and the NGRMSsheets indicate the deviations of these results from the mean value calculated

from data from the entire map. The NGRMS 2 1 4 Bi/2 0 8 T1 sheets give a rapid ap-praisal of the magnitude and location of these anomalous data.

35

SECTION IV

RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSES

A. GEOLOGIC BASE MAPS

The area surveyed is contained within the Clovis National Topographic

Map as shown in Figure 1. The geologic base map is created to the scale of theNTMS with geologic data as supplied by the Geologic Map of Texas, Geologic Map ofNew Mexico, and the U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-330,and includes latitude, longitude and major geographical features. The geologicbase map is shown without the superpositioned flight lines at the scale of

1:250,000 and 1:500,000.

B. NATIONAL GAMMA RAY MAP SERIES (NGRMS)

The geologic base has been photographically screened to allow emphasiz-

ing of the flight line locations and information regarding data analyses. Thesemaps are the base to which the statistical information for six variables has been

added for every 5th data point and are identified as the National Gamma Ray Map

Series which are presented at the scale of 1:250,000 and 1:500,000. The detaildata for each of these map lines are presented as profile information for 6 vari-ables and location of geologic information with statistical data included along

each map line as discussed in Section IV (E).

C. PROFILES OF DATA RESULTS

The profiles of Map Lines 1 - 22 and Tie Lines 1 - 6 are presented

within this report at the scale of 1:500,000. Odd-numbered lines were flownwest-to-east and south-to-north, and even-numbered lines east-to-west, and north-to-south. The same vertical scale for each variable was used for all map line

profiles.

Vertical scale varies with each variable profiled. Scale for each

variable is:

1. Altitude

100 feet/div; aircraft altitude above the surface; noaveraging.

2. Tl (2 08 Tl)

10.0 c/s/div (counts/second/division). Seven seconds ofdata are linearly averaged with the average value plotted

at the center of the group of 7.

3. Bi (2 14Bi)

20.0 c/s/div; 7-second averaged

4. K (4 0K)

25.0 c/s/div; 7-second averaged

36

5. BiAir

20.0 c/s/div; 95-second averaged

6. Residual Magnetic Field Data

The residual magnetic field has been calculated as the

difference between the total magnetic field as measured

by a proton precession magnetometer and the International

Geomagnetic Reference Field (Stassinopoulos; NSSDC-72-12).

The residual magnetic field is plotted on each of two

sets of multi-variable stacked profile plots. The 10-

variable profile containing the gamma radiation data dis-

plays the residual magnetic field data at 20 gammas/div,

and the 4-variable profile displays the residual magnetic

field data at 10 gammas/div. Residual magnetic fieldcalculations are plotted as 1-second, nonaverage data.

7. GC (Total count 400 Kev to 2.80 Mev)

800.0 c/s/div; no averaging

8. Bi/Tl (21 4 Bi/ 2 0 8Tl)

0.4/div; 7-second averaging

9. Bi/K (2 14 Bi/4 0K)

0.8/div; 7-second averaging

10. TI/K (208T1/4 0K)

0.025/div; 7-second averaging

11. Geology

The surface geology along the flight line, with a width ofabout 6 miles, is displayed above the profiles.

Aircraft background counts for 20 8T1, 21 4Bi and 40K were determinedto be 7.0, 13.5 and 33.0 c/second for the eight detectors and 1, 1.2 and 3.0c/second respectively for the single detector and were used for all data. Theairborne 2 14Bi was measured each 19 seconds.

Each profile has a latitude or longitude degree line to give exactsurface location of all data.

37

D. MAGNETIC TAPES AND LISTINGS

The description of the magnetic tapes and their listings is presentedunder SECTION II (D), DATA PRESENTATION.

E. STATISTICAL AND GEOLOGICALLY-CREATED DEVIATIONS IN RESULTANT DATA

The average value of the data for each of 7 variables for each flightline has been plotted to give a composite view across the total area for theseaverages (See Figure 15).

A set of 3 tables are included (TABLE 1-3), which list theaverage value for each geologic unit encountered on each flight line as afunction of flight line for each of the radiation variables. These averagevalues of the intensity of two radiation variables as a function of flightline have been graphed as a function of flight li2 4num r for ge ggic 4 8 nitsQtp, Qds, To, (See Figures 16 - 18). The ratios Bi/ T1 and T1/ Kare presented in an attempt to indicate possible anomalous conditions.

Standard deviations of the data have been calculated assuming the datato have a normal distribution within the geologic type. When geochemical anomaliesmodify the normal distribution, then the frequency distribution of the data willbe distorted about the mean. Geologic unit data have been analyzed to determine

the variance.

.N

where the standard deviation isa , N is the number of samples, xi is the valueat the sample number i, and i is the mean value for the geologic type. Thelisting for GEOL output gives the mean value and magnitude of deviations relativeto the mean, with the +lo, 22 and +3a levels being placed on the NGRMS Sheetsfor the 6 variables as previously explained. The distributions of data withinthe geologic units encountered are included.

The above variance equation has been modified to allow the two ratios214.40 208 44Bi/ K and T1/ K, to have meaning when 0K approaches zero. In thecalculations 10 counts were added to each 40K value in the ratio to preventdividing by near-zero 40K numbers. This has distorted the value of a, but hasallowed data in which 4 0K is + zero to be plotted.

F. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE

The geologic units have been the basis for separation of the 6 radiationvariables. Frequency distribution plots, which display the number of occurrences

38

at a specific magnitude as a function of the magnitude for each of the 6 radia-

tion variables, are included for each geologic unit in the APPENDIX in VOLUME I.Data from all Map Lines and Tie Lines have been included to de rmine these fre-

quency distributions. Ten (10) counts have been added to the K number in the

ratios as was done in calculations of the variance.

G. MICROFICHE REPRODUCTION OF DOPTAP AND GEOL LISTINGS

The output listings of the single point DOPTAP and averaged GEOLcomputer program results have been reproduced on MICROFICHE and are optional withthe report where 208 computer listings may be placed on a projectable 4" x 5 3/4"transparency. The first two records of each flight line as listed on MICROFICHE

must be disregarded.

H. BASE LINES

A flight line within the Clovis area was chosen having a length of

about 5 miles and was surveyed prior to and following each days operations.The results of these base line surveys over the same surface location are sum-marized in Table 4. The mean value of the basic radiation variables have anaverage deviation of about a 4% lesser radiation intensity in preflight data

relative to post-flight data. This effect is believed to be caused by surfacedrying.

I. ANOMALOUS 2 14Bi, AND 2 14Bi/ 20 8T1 DETECTED FROM EXAMINATION OF PROFILE LINES

Examination of the map line profiles reveals several 214 Bi, and214Bi/208Tl anomalies within the survey area. The approximate location

of the anomalies are shown on Figure 2. The anomalies are small in magnitudeand consist of slightly higher z4Bi and 2 14 Bi/ 2 08T1 values in Quaternarysurficial deposits or perhaps where small unmapped areas of older formations (To,Trc) have been exposed. A more prominent anomaly is noted in the Tertiary Ogallalaformation (To) about ten miles east of Muleshoe, Texas.

Quaternary surficial deposits - sand dunes and sand sheets in particular- are generally lower in radioactivity than the underlying Ogallala (To) and olderformations. This is a relationship noted throughout the Texas Panhandle and ad-joining areas in New Mexico.

39

24- -I . . -. .i - . . -1 - - .I F ./V T...'-r.. - - -II -II

VV N 'K

220

200

160

160

0 140

w a40

120%,.

0

2 4-. -

p 100

2.2 -

1.6 - -- - - -

1.4 - - - -- - - - - - - - --

0 2 -

0.6 - - -

0.4 - " - -- - - - - - -

- "

0.2 -*-t-o

^.0 1 l-l - l ll-l-ll- - l -l -A- -l l l- -Al l I-l- - - -10

MAP LINE15 20

Figure 15. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, All Geologic Units

/1

TBlAir'

so

60

40

20

0.0

7

/

K

SI/Tf

8

7

/

.I

H T/K

TIE LINE

40

240

A A

i

i/K

ei/K

lAirI/K

400

00

BiT1 /o 0 -iO

150 T20

MAP LINE TIE LINE

Figure 16. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qds

41

400

300

T1/K

IIIB:

Bi/T1 Lj

5

i/Ti1

00

10

MAP LINE

15 20 1TIE LINE

Figure 17. Average Gamma Radiation Values Asof Flight Line, Geologic Unit Qtp

a Function

OH

200

100

01 6

42

mmomo i i i i E*-m

-- I I I +- 4- i i i i i m i i i i 0 i i i i E i

i i -i i I

- d- -L . 1i -I-1

i i I i i I iW- ML I

: -_jI . . -. . i i 1 1 4--M

i i i i a i i i i i m i m 0 i i i i m i i a i N i i i i m i x i i I

. -~ -.T.T. ..T. .

f- i i i mom-- i^--i i i i i i 0 F-- -- 1-+-i I i i f I r F F i m i I I i-i-1 I ii I I I

i__,__

400

TI K ." 11000

300

H

200

Bi/T1

Bi/T1 e 100

100

01 5 10 15 20 1 6

MAP LINE TIE LINE

Figure 18. Average Gamma Radiation Values As a Functionof Flight Line, Geologic Unit To

43

REFERENCES

Adler, H. H. (1970). Interpretation of color relations in sandstone as a guideto uranium exploration and ore genesis. in Uranium exploration geo-

logy. Intern. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna p. 331-334.

AEC (1953-55). Preliminary reconnaissance reports. New Mexico Bur. Mines and

Min. Res., Socorro, New Mexico.

Baker, C. L. (1915). Geology and underground waters of the northern LlanoEstacado. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Bull. 57. 225pp.

Barker, F. B. and Scott, R. G. (1958). Uranium and radium in the ground waterof the Llano Estacado, Texas and New Mexico. Am. Geophys. Union

Trans., v. 39, no. 3, p. 459-466.

Boardman, Leona (1951). Geologic map index of Texas, 1:1,000,000. U.S. Geol.Surv. Index Map.

Brand, J. P. (1953). Cretaceous of the Llano Estacado of Texas. Bur. Econ.Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 20. 55pp.

Brand, J. P. and Reeves, C. C., (1971). Mesozoic and Cenozoic geology of theLubbock, Texas, region. Geol. Soc. Amer. Southcentral Section andTexas Tech. Univ. Fieldtrip. pp28.

Brown, T. E. (1963). Index to areal geologic maps in Texas, 1891-1961. Bur.Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas, Index Series.

Cronin, J. G. (1969). Ground water in Ogallala formation in the Southern HighPlains of Texas and New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Survey Hydrologic Invest.Atlas HA-330.

Dennison, J. M. and Wheeler, W. H. (1972). Precambrian through Cretaceous strata

of probable fluvial origin in southeastern United States and theirpotential as uranium host rocks. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Rpt.GJO-4168-1. 211pp.

Dobrovolny, E., Bates, R. L. and Summerson, C. H. (1946). Geology of north-western Quay County, New Mexico. U.S. Survey Oil and Gas Invest.Map OM-62.

Eargle, D. H. (1956). Some uranium occurrences in West Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol.,Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 27. 2 3 pp.

Evans, G. L. (1949). Upper Cenozoic of the High Plains. in Cenozoic geologyof the Llano Estacado-and Rio Grande Valley. West Texas Geol. Soc.and New Mex. Geol. Soc. Guidebook Fieldtrip #2. p. 1-9.

44

Evans, G. L. (1956). Cenozoic geology. in West Texas Geol. Soc. and LubbockGeol. Soc. Guidebook, 1956, Spring Field Trip. p. 16-26.

Evans, G. L. and Meade, G. E. (1944). Quaternary of the Texas High Plains.

Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. PUB 4401.

Finch, W. I. (1955). Uranium in terrestrial sedimentary rocks in the UnitedStates, exclusive of the Colorado Plateau. in Contributions to the

geology of uranium and thorium by the U.S. Geological Survey andAtomic Energy Commission for the United Nations International Con-ference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, Switzerland

1955. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 300. p. 321-327.

Finch, W. I., Parrish, I. S., and Walker, G. W. (1959). Epigenetic uraniumdeposits in the United States. U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Geol. Invest.Map 1-299, 3 sheets.

Flawn, P. T. (1967). Uranium in Texas - 1967. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas

Geol. Circ. 67-1, llpp.

Foote, R. S. (1968). Application of airborne gamma-radiation measurements topedologic mapping. Proc. Fifth Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environ-

ment. Willow Run Laboratories, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor,

Michigan p. 855-875.

Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1957). Studies of Cenozoic geology along theeastern margin of the Texas High Plains Armstrong to Howard Counties.

Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest. 32. p. 1-56.

Frye, J. C. and Leonard, A. B. (1964). Relation of Ogallala Formation to theSouthern High Plains in Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas.Rept. of Invest. 51. 25pp.

Frye, J. C., and Swineford, Ada and Leonard, A. B. (1948). Correlation ofPleistocene deposits of the central Great Plains with the glacialsection. Jour. Geol., vol. 56. p. 501-525.

Geodata International, Inc. (1975). Aerial radiometric and magnetic survey

of Lubbock and Plainview National Topographic Maps, NW Texas. ERDAGJO-1654. Geodata International, Inc. Dallas, Texas.

General soil map of Texas, 1:1,500,000 (1973). Texas A and M Univ., in coop.Soil Conservation Service.

Geologic Atlas of Texas Map Series 1:250,000. Amarillo Sheet, (1969), PlainviewSheet, (1968). Bur. of Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas.

45

Geological highway map of Texas. 1 inch - 30 miles. (1973). Amer. Assoc.Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Geological highway map of Southern Rocky Mountain Region. 1 inch - 30 miles.(1967). Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol., Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Haigler, L. B. and Sutherland, H. L. (1965). Reported occurrences of selectedminerals in New Mexico. U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Invest. Res.Map MR-45.

Hayes, W. C. (1956). Uranium prospects in west Texas. in West Texas Geol.

Soc. and Lubbock Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 1956 Spring Field Trip.p. 69-72.

Jones, T. S. (1953). Stratigraphy of the Permian Basin of West Texas.West Texas Geol. Soc.

Mathews, W. H. (1969). The geologic story of Palo Duro Canyon. Bur. Econ.Geol., Univ. of Texas. Guidebook 8. 51pp.

Maxwell, R. A. and Dietrich, J. W. (1971). Correlation of Tertiary rock units,West Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Rept. of Invest.

70. 34pp.

McIntosh, W. L. and Morgan, I. M. (1970). Geologic map index of New Mexico.1:1,000,000. U.S. Geol. Survey Index Map.

Nicholson, J. H. (1956). General geologic history of the Palo Duro Basin,Texas Panhandle. West Texas Geol. Soc. and Lubbock Geol. Soc. Guide-book 1956 Spring Field Trip.

Nicholson, J. H. (1960). Geology of the Texas Panhandle. in Aspects of thegeology of Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Pub. 6017.

p. 51-64.

OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency (1973).Uranium resources, production and demand, OECD-NEA and IAEA Rpt.,

140pp.

Patton, L. T. (1923). The geology of Potter County. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ.of Texas, Bull. 2330. pp18 0 .

Pettijohn, F. J. (1963). Chemical composition of sandstones in Data of Geo-chemistry, 6th ed., U.S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 440-S. p. S1-S19.

Pierce, A. P., Gott, G. B. and Mytton, J. W. (1964). Uranium and helium in thePanhandle gas field, Texas and adjacent areas. U.S. Geol. Surv.Prof. Paper 454-G, p. Gl-G57.

46

Roth, R. (1949). Paleogeology of the Panhandle of Texas. Geol. Soc. Amer.Bull. v. 60, p. 1671-1687.

Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S. and Plummer, F. B. (1932). The geology ofTexas vol. 1. Stratigraphy. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. of Texas. Bull.

3232. 1007pp.

Southern Interstate Nuclear Board (1969). Uranium in the Southern UnitedStates. U.S.A.E.C. WASH - 1128. pp2 30 .

Stose, G. W. (1937). Geologic map of Texas, 1:500,000 4 sheets. U.S. Geol.Surv.

Swineford, Ada, Frye, J. C., and Leonard, A. B. (1955). Petrography of thelate Tertiary volcanic ash falls in the central Great Plains.Jour. Sed. Petrology, vol. 25, p. 243-261.

Young, Addison, (1960).region, westEcon. Geol.,

Paleozoic history of the Fort Stockton - Del RioTexas. in Aspects of the geology of Texas. Bur.Univ. of Texas. Pub. 6017, p. 87-109.

47

6 50 21 39 69 31w5 39 40 53 25 41 67 40

4 62 46 27 46 71 58w 3 25 69P2 18 68

1__19 70

22 62 52 45 83 57 52 86 5321 38 45 50 54 87 5820 38 57 83 5219 50 79 4618 80 8017 7816 7515 58 7214 72

z 13 55 74 52- 12 47 69 42S II 47 41 69 452 10 32 25 66 59

9 28 25 26 618 29 31 59 257 23 50 556 25 22 44 545 29 23 43 544 19 33 563 20 40 422 24 37 43

65 30 44 55

Bi

J. . M JSR K KD KGH KGR KW _Q __QALQDS QTP TO TR TRCTRS TRD6 98 52 81 114 835 110 95 102 59 87 113 101

- 4 115 130 69 106 116 129_ 3 57 109P 2 66 109

1 __ ______ 42 102 __________

22 150 129 120 160 110 101 129 9721 112 114 114 112 126 13520 92 100 127 10819 108 123 10218 155 12517 12116 12015 93 120

w 14 119z 13 102 116 121- 12 94 114 97aII 71 82 111 932 10 99 69 106 105

9 78 56 57 1018 59 63 84 687 57 91 876 67 54 86 905 70 55 91 1014 40 .61 843 47 72 752 44 68 671 126 ,59 84 91

Table 1. Geologic Unit Average Va y AsMap Line for 208T1, and Bi

a Function of

48

KGH KGR TO TR TRC TRS TRDJ JM JS R K KD KW QAB QAL QDS QTP

QAL QDS QTP I TO TR TRC TRSK

TRDQABKD I KGH I KGR I KW6 190 105 154 218 1845 147 171 210 125 155 220 1834 206 189 124 175 223 2043 123 2162 102 208

11__87 215

22 197 170 154 26 207 211 253 20221 131 126 214 210 257 19220 166 211 251 18919 215 247 19218 229 24417 23516 22815 204 22814 224

z 13 184 224 170-J 12 155 216 165Q I 1 167 137 215 1472 10 135 108 207 165

9 141 119 125 1928 127 145 186 1397 122 178 1826 125 113 162 1825 142 120 167 1784 105 137 187

109 163 1632 105 159 154

_ _ _ 188 139 165 182

Bi /TAJ JM JSR K KD KGH KGR KW QAB QAL QDS QTP TO TR TRC TRS TRD

6 202 242 220 168 266W 5 276 236 193 243 220 171 261

4 187 284 260 234 165 225W 3 236 165F 2 369 164

233 146

22 244 255 272 193 193 197 150 18921 289 258 226 206 146 23620 239 178 156 21219 219 161 23518 193 15717 15616 16115 163 169

814 171z 13 185 159 233-J 12 205 165 226a II 157 202 163 206X 10 297 297 164 183

9 296 226 231 1698 206 212 145 2747 258 185 1636 278 245 208 1685 248 247 224 1994 220 194 1593 243 181 1862 204 186 161

193 196 192 167

Table 2. Geologic Unit Average Value As a Function ofMap Line for 40K and 2 1 4 Bi/ 2 0 8 T1

49

J JM IJS R K

JM JSR K QAL QDS QTP

Bi/K

6 521 497 530 526 4515 752 560 500 487 566 522 56454 566 674 563 601 526 6453 467 5102 656 5291 ______ ___503 ___479___

22 767 779 786 611 532 490 512 51421 905 970 537 537 494 74820 561 487 511 57819 514 503 53918 677 51817 51816 52815 457 53314 535

z 13 561 520 723J 12 616 534 588

II 446 613 521 6562 10 709 671 519 667

9 567 482 471 5368 471 449 457 4967 477 517 4836 548 480 536 5015 498 465 550 5764 385 451 4543 437 446 4652 433 423 447

- _674 425 516 502

T/K_...... _..... _. E _ ___ K _ __ _____ _____ D _ Q T _ T2C/RK

J JM JSR K KD KGH KGR KW QAB QAL QDS QTP TO TR TRC TRS TRD

6 263 204 246 315 170w 5 270 237 257 203 264 306 219

4 303 238 219 260 319 2863 201 3142 181 326

. _ ___ 223 328

22 314 313 294 315 276 251 342 26921 310 370 238 260 338 31220 234 275 329 27519 236 317 23718 348 33017 33316 32915 286 31814 318

z 13 305 329 307J 12 303 324 260

11 283 301 321 3132 10 239 232 319 363

9 197 217 207 3218 230 218 319 1827 193 280 3016 203 199 266 3005 205 196 256 2964 181 238 2973 187 248 256

2 224 232 279348 220 270 302

Table 3. Geologic UnitAyerage Value As a Function ofMap Line for 21.Bi! /K and 208T1/40K

50

J KD TO TRKGH KGR KW QAB TRC TRS TRD

PREFLIGHT AND POST-FLIGHT BASELINE DATA SUMMARY

Date-1976 4/11 4/13 4/14 4/24 4/25 Mean

Pre-T1 77.7 79.8 78.2 75.9 77.1 77.7Post-T1 80.9 78.9 * 79.0 77.5 79.1

Pre-Bi 98.1 106.1 99.3 109.0 101.5 102.8Post-Bi 101.9 111.7 * 113.5 115.9 110.8

Pre-K 212.8 204.3 210.8 201.2 213.3 208.5Post-K 227.6 210.2 * 214.3 213.9 216.5

Pre-Bi/T1 1.26 1.33 1.27 1.44 1.32 1.32Post-Bi/T1 1.26 1.42 * 1.44 1.49 1.40

Pre-Bi/K .461 .519 .471 .542 .476 .494Post-Bi/K .448 .531 * .530 .542 .513

Pre-T1/K .365 .391 .371 .377 .361 .373Post-T1/K .355 .375 * .369 .362 .365

Pre-BiAir 97.7 76.5 74.0 64.3 91.2 80.7Post-BiAir 101.0 50.3 * 58.9 71.8 70.5

* rain over baseline

Table 4. Baseline Data Summary

51

APPENDIX

FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

OF DATA FOR EACH GEOLOGIC TYPE

30

25

20

15 1

I I IIb'IIII

I 0 0 0 N N N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

K C/S MEAN 167.36 ST DEV 34.66

30

25

20

15

10

5

- -N N N N N 0 0 0 0 0

M E O1O.7 ST 0EV 26.9

MEAN 121.75 ST DEV 29.99I C/S

10

6

30

25

20

15

I C N O 0

BI/K X 100

MEAN 28.39 ST DEV 5.03

.

MERN 73.?6 ST DEV 15.99

30

25

20

()z- 15

o 10

z

5

I I | | | II : 11i i0 C C O N 0 0m i-4 C 0 0 0o No0 0 r 1O C O C C O C O O O C C C C C O

BI/ TL X 100 MERN 259.36 ST 0EV 35.66

Al

30

25

20

15

10

6

0 0 0 *C 0

TL/K X 100

.NNn I n .

10 .1.

5

C

B30

25

20

15

10

5

- 1I Q N 0 *0 o0 o 0 00 NWsv 1- oc0 C0 CC0 CC 0CC 0 0 0 0 -J 0 0

I C/S lEAN 47.61 ST EV 14.36

GEOLOGIC UNIT J TOTAL EVENTS 3G

I- p i a 0 aa i a a -1

S l i 0 11 '"""i i " i "i i a 1 1 4 f 1 2

of " r r r

0 0 o ro 4-0 0 0

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

0/ 00N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E 4 0 0 0

C/S MEAN 161.31 ST 0EV 50.52

30

25

20

15

10

5

C/S MEAN 126.46 ST DEV 26.4?Y

30

25

20

15

10

5

I o

K

. 0

BI

A2

TL/K X 100 MEAN 32.60 ST 0EV 6.89

BI/K X 100 MEAN 62.08 ST DEV 16.8

30

25

20

C,)15

W

W

L-0 10

6z

0I/ TL X 10 0 0 4 -J 0EA . W 0 0 0E 50.f04 4

B I/ TL X 100 MEAN 255.69 ST 0EV 50.60

I F1i1CAW "r ri -"W r r

TL C/S MEAN 51.12 ST DEV 15.23

GEOLOGIC UNIT JSR TOTAL EVENTS 65

In 1

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

I o w(N i co@."(N .- PO to o PO Nw (NO(NO(NO 4949 aC( (

K C/ S MEAN 196.99 ST DEV 20.26

25

20

15

10

5

O O O O O b f Q! o a o o O

C/ S MEAN 121.0? ST DEV 19.3030

25

20

Cnz 15

WWLLC 10

z

5

I -- I I I- I I I I I I I II o r: to (N

TL/K X 10 030 t

B /KBI/K

. c6 . t6 . . . .

r .r .r .r .r . r

t71 1 m r+ r r r

0 0 0 0 0 0 o r ro w 4L m o y m w

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

KERN 32.T1 ST DEV 3.35

ILSO O O O O O ooO O O

x 100 MEAN 62.31 ST DEV 12.71

I o2 w(N @2 (N - to to t o w( N N4L - 4 (Nw (N (N(N o2 @ to N @A a -4o w N @ (N to @ o

BI/TL X 100 MEAN 190.74 ST DEV 34.23

A3

30

25

20

15

10

BI30

25

20

15

10

I5I @2 .- to (N 4 (N @2 -. @2 ( NI I

O r N i Cf Of " 10 r r r r r r

TL C/S MEAN 64.18 ST DEV 6.71GEOLOGIC UNIT K TOTAL EVENTS 99

- 1"-fit M- I ImIll I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 I f a i

H

. gip.

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

6

a aEA0Nm ma ) @. U) NE U) .0

C/S MEAN 170.65 ST 0EV 29.0

30

25

20

15

10

5

a af aW a" ar tor r ar ar N N aN N aN a WN W*C/SO MEAN 112.33 O ST 0V 0.71O

C/S MEAN 112.38 ST DEV 20.T1

I *

K

BI

I a

TL

GEOLO

L I I I

O O O O O O Cl O O O

C/S MEAN 45.19 ST DEV 8.50

GIC UNIT KD TOTAL EVENTS 8G

A84

S I I -'- -I-' I" I F " 1o o ooU) U)@0 -40 0 o O U)s L m y

0 0C 0 0 C0 C C 0 ) ) 01 0 0

TL/K X 100 MEAN 26.74 ST DEV 4.62

O9 O OO O O O O O O O O O

B I/ K X 100 MEAN 67.41 ST DEV 16.44

O W C1 0) r r.. r Nt N N W WU) U) sU s f O) dU) 6U1

8/ X1 ENO O O O O O O O O O O O O OB I/ TL X 100 MRN263.44 ST DEV 63.18

30

25

20

15WWLj.C 10

z

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

nlot

O O O O O O/ 6 o O O O

C/S MEAN 161.80 ST DEV 13.40 TL/ K X 100 MEAN 31.60 ST 0EV 3.56

30 +

25

20

15

10

a

BI/KO O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

x 10 0 MEAN 61.20 ST DEV 6.10

5

Oi. ..SOO O O O O O O O O O

C/S MEAN 160.00 ST DEV 12.02

30

25

20 1

I nfl I i i i i iB I/X0 0oMEANm1" .2o ST DEV 11. I

B Il L X 100 MEAN 193.20 ST 0EV 11.03

- 15zw

w

o 10

dz

5

R5

KI

K

30

25

20

15

10

5

BI

I ii i i i o Ii a i i i i i I

TL C/S MEAN 93.00 ST 0EV 6.50

GEOLOGIC UNIT KGH TOTAL EVENTS 5

I I II! I I I I I I I I

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

I I N N1a 1I I mC / 0s CD E- C r RNCD C.D CD C Tw C 4E 4. C C

C/S MEAN 207.69 ST 0EV 26.77

30

25

20

15

10

5

K

BI

1 1' I' I I I I I I I I I I I I iO r N w - 01 O - " co r r r r r r r ro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NCw -W CD 0 -4 w wC

00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TL/K X 100 MEAN 27.67 ST DEV 2.21

O O O O O N f 0f O 0 m O Nf of

BI /K X 100 MEAN 58.22 ST DEV 7.48

0 0 wCD 0 co r r r D D CD CD CD4w4w CO 0 CM CwD 0 0 0 DC e0 -J.9 0 o CDO O CD CD CD mCD 4 -40 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0o 0 0 0 0

BI/TL X 100 MEAN 193.67 ST DEV 29.92

AS

30

25

20

15

10

5

* 000C 0 0 D 0 0 D0C0 CD C CD CD0 CD C

C/S MERN 110.11 ST DEV 15.40

30

25

20

0,15

WWLi.

o 10

z

5

E O O O O O O O O O

TL C/S MERN 6? .99 ST DEV 11.71

GEOLOGIC UNIT KGR TOTAL EVENTsS9

150

125

100

75

50

25

150

125

100

75

50

25

150

125

100

75

0

25

C/S MEAN 192.64 ST DEV 40.00

270

225

180

135

90

C/S

MEAN 99.05N STa0EV 27.47SO O O O O O O O O O O O O O

KERN 88.05 ST DEV 2T.4?

I C

K

SCQ

BI

O C N CMf

TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT QAB

SO O O O O O O O

MEAN 49.78 ST DEV 12.81

TOTAL EVENTS 3797

T L X+ N100

TL/ K X 10 0

O N W O r0

O X1BI/K X 100

0 C00 0C 0C 0CM 0 CM @ 0 0 CM

MEAN 25.69 ST 0EV 4.80

O O O O O O O O O O O O O

MEAN 62.71 ST DEV 16.27

U A.o~I I I 101'i i 4

I O W O r r r N N N W W (a W fa) (atit Co CM(a O C O N AIm 0 raf. y- O C W( 0lC 0M N (M 0 r 4L -o O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 207.92 ST DEV 64.90

A?

330

2T5

220

165

110

55

120

100

so

-60z s

w

w

0 40

z

20

I I I I I I I I I

in ----- AOL

9JL-J - - -1-

! ! -+ ! ! ! ' 1 ! 1 1 i ! 1 F 1 i

fi

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

C/S MEAN 20T.92 ST DEV 25.16

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10

5

N f O f m N N N C CR CR CR CR

C/S MEAN 101.96 ST DEV 26.59

I

K

. 0

BI+

O N O o r0 r r r N N N N N CR CR CR wCRoC

O O O O C O O CO CO O O

BI/K X 100 MERN 46.66 ST 0EV 10.66

O t COr r r N N N CR wCR CR fCR f O CR C CCR 0 0 0 N CR 0 -P -4 0O CR 0 Co N oCR m0 rN .* -4

/TO O O O O O O O O O O O 177 TO

BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 167.07 ST DEV 34.4T

A8

I O r- N WCR t71 O -J 0 CRl CR * R 0 - 0 (O O O O O O O O O O O

TL/ K X 10 0 MERN 29.45 ST DEV 4.30

30

25

20

zWWU-o 10

z

I :I1IJIIiIiIfI1III 11IIIII II I1O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 r N WCR i CR Q0 -d 1 0 W s X1Cf t r r r r r"~O O O O O O O O O O O

TL C/S MEAN 61.47 ST DEV 12.44

GEOLOGIC UNIT QAL TOTAL EVENTS 76

I I I! "I I I I ! ! ! ! ! !

390

325

260 .

195

130

65

270

225

160-

135

90

45

390

325

260

195

130

65

* o to to w w w w10 10 L 4L 10 a a

MN4 S1O O O O O O O O O O

MERN 114.36 ST DEV 18.72

330

2T5

220

165

110

55

MERN 51.19 ST DEV 16.74

120

100

0

(n-60

w

o 40

z

20

50

450

360

270

180

90

T/ a

TL/ K X 100

BI/K X 100

I i i i i I i i I I i i i i 1 -I I i iS A a -1 0 r r rraa a a a0 a a a to w10 a a -a 0m1

a a a a a a a a a a

MEAN 19.69 ST 0EV 4.11

MEAN 45.22 ST DEV 14.8

I a v vi 0 .- .rtr to N o to Oa a a s f* a a aB/ X1 EAO O O O O O O O O O O O O O

BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 237.64 ST DEV 96.22

A9

O O OC/ S

9O

K

BII C/S

-A1_ .

+ O O O O O O O O O O " N W i m a -1 " W~O O O O O O O O O O O

TL C/S MERN 22.69 ST OEV 6.98

GEOLOGIC UNIT 005 TOTAL EVENTS 5403

4 1- I

.I L L

t 1 1 F ' 1 i I i I 1 ! 4 I F 4 f i I I I I

I 1 - F I I I- I III I II - 1 I

-4

390

325

260

195

130

65

330

275

220

165

110

55

330

275

220

165

110

55

C/SO OC M

C/S MEOA 15.5 STW 0E 29.72A

EAN 15T.59 ST DEV 29.T2

540

450

360

270

180

90

MEAN 7T.96 ST DEV 26.12

210

175

140

z- 105z

Li-0 70

cz

35

r O Oo

TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT QTP

MERN 39.64 ST DEV 12.30

TOTAL EVENTS 8503

A 10

720

600

400

360

240

120

K

B IC/S

I 0 0 01 * 01 0 4 0 .00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 -4 ao 000 000 0 0

TL/K X 100 MEAN 24.965 ST DEV 4.54

BI/K X 100 MEAN 49.52 ST DEV 15.4

1 0 0 0 0 0 4 .0 ( P0 0 0 4 O

BI/TL X 100 MERN 209.44 ST 0EV 71.47

I I I I -, I -- t -f t 1 I

I I I - I I I I I

1740

1450

1160

670

560

290

I C

K1530

1275

1020

765

510

255

BI1360

1150

920

690

460

230

I C

O O O O O O O

C/ S MEAN 216

O O O OST E OV 7O.

6.94 ST DEV T .86

4140

3450

2760

20T0

1380

690

N O m 0 r- 0r + N N N N N N N N N

MO O O O O O O O O O O O O

C/ S KERN 110.52 ST DEV 24.21

Si i a 2 m A I I I i I i i I i

C N 4

BI/K X1960

1650

1320

Z~ 990z

LL0 660cigg

z

330

I C N

BulTL X

10O N 16 S0V1O O O O O O O O O

100 MEAN 51.20 ST DEV 11.32

N N N NLNyNoNW404m 4 0 ( (

MEAN 162.56 ST DEV 40.??

1 0

100

A11

5730

4775

3820

2865

1910

955

TLGEOLO

F I i a i I i I I i ""'f- | | 1 i i iC C0 C C0 C C 0C N ( 0 40 40

C/S MEAN 89.69 ST DEV 18.40

GIC UNIT TO TOTAL EVENTS 51560

OI N N 0 0 4 -40L X 1 CMEAN 0 O.v N DE .0 '"f

TL/ K X 100 MEAN 31.94 ST 0EV 3.94

H 1 i F M 1" M F1 =M H 1 -1 F 1 1-

r - , -- - -- -i i 1 | | | I

-- r-t-r

w

w

0

30

25

20

15

10

5

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I0 0 0 N CM10" r 4L 0 CMO0 CM N NCM"0r -J

O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O

C/ S MEAN 1T0.87 ST DEV 14.92

30

25

20

15

10

5

30

25

20

15

10 4.

OKBI/K

IMliD~~[L0- 0 "C-,-C-C-..C+N N N N N CM CM M CM C

X 100 MEAN 72.96OSTO0EVO16.91

X 1NO MEAN 42.96 ST DEV 18.81

5

O O O O O N sQ f O m O0 0 0 0 0C/00 . N 0 0 0 N 0 0

I C/ S MEAN 121.67 ST 0EV 24.3

30

25 4.

n nhl .&iinhln'nnn1iH- - - -- - - F- - i i H i F I i

I 0 XC t0 ME1-A N N 2 .0 w Cw wM wsT E s C4 it CA C

B I/ L X 100 MEAN 233.00 ST 0EV 46.39

20

(r>15

LL-

C0 10

z

5

A 12

O N CO f CMA O -JN C O r r rO 0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 O0 0 0 0 N C M 0O! -7 m C0I O */ 0 EN 30OT0V31

TL/K X 100 MEAN 30.TT ST DEV 3.19ONK

30

25

20

15

10

5

B30

25

20

10

5

I O r N N of - m 0 r r r r r r r 0 00N0C0C 0 M 0 -0 0 0

TL C/S MEAN 52.49 ST DEV 5.25

GEOLOGIC UNIT TR TOTAL EVENTS 39

non r l SN 0

4

C

60

50

40

30

20

10

60

50

40

30

20

10

60

50

40

30

20

10

MEAN 166.35 ST DEV 41.5990

75

60

45

30

15

MEAN 106.41 ST DEV 26.67

so

50

40

z30ww

0 20

0z

10

i ! m s a1 l" i i am i 1O O O O O O O O O O

MEAN 51.23 ST DEV 13.41

TOTAL EVENTS 1143

TL/K X 100

a a0aa0aa0a 0 00 -0 0 0

MEAN 27.91 ST 0EV 6.46

BI/K X 100 MEAN 59.5? ST 0EV 21.06

.nnn. n t

aO aO a a0 O o O 0O a a a a Oa0

BI/ TL X 100 MEAN 215.66 ST DEV 61.60

A 13

C/S

120

100

60

60

40

20

K

. O csC/SBI

I" a N 0 0

TL C/SGEOLOGIC UNIT TRC

I I I I I I I I I I II I I IIr

Ll n n n n

Ann -1

The following areas flown by GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

for THE UNITED STATES ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, have

been released and are available from GEODATA INTERNATIONAL, INC., DALLAS,

TEXAS.

Jackson-Goliad Formations in Texas - AEC Contract No. AT(05-1)-1632

Central Appalachian Triassic Basin, Virginia and NorthCarolina - Contract No. GJO-1644

Plainview/Lubbock NTMS Series, Northwest Texas - ContractNo. GJO-1654

Greenville, Athens, Spartanburg, Florence, Augusta, Georgetown,and Savannah NTMS Series; North and South Carolina andGeorgia - Contract No. GJO-1663