8/22/2019 Aerial Advertising Banner (1933)

1/3

March 2 2 , 1 9 3 8 . c . D . YOUNG' 2 , 1 1 2 , 2 0 4STREAMER ADAPTED FOR TOWING BY AIRCRAFT

Filed M ay 1 1 , 1 9 3 3

., ' v vN. a N ,I _ INVENTOR:> 4 . dharw/sl). 16mg,

8/22/2019 Aerial Advertising Banner (1933)

2/3

5

10

40

45

c u L i

P a t e n t e d M a r . 2 2 , 1 9 3 8

UNITED STATES2 , 1 1 2 , 2 0 4

PATENT ' FF2 , 1 1 2 , 2 0 4

STREAMER ADAPTED FOR TOWINGBY AIRCRAFTC h a r l e s D . Young, H a v e r f o r d , P a . , a s s i g n o r t oK e l l e t t A u t o g i r o C o r p o r a t i o n , P h i l a d e l p h i a ,

P a . , a corporation o f DelawareA p p l i c a t i o n M a y 1 , 1 9 3 3 , S e r i a l N o . 6 7 0 , 3 9 1

6 C l a i m s .This in ven t io n relates to s t r e a m e r s a d a p t e d

' f o r t o w i n g , by a i r c r a f t , a nd mor e p a r t i c u l a r l y t ostreamers bearing words o r symbols d i s p l a y e dt h e r e o n in such manner as to constitute a signj c l e a r l y l e g i b l e from t h e ground and t h e r e f o r e u s e f u l f o r the purpose o f a d v e r t i s i n g . Th estreamer o f t h i s invention may a l s o be usedt o advantage i n a e r i a l s i g n a l l i n g , a s a n a e r i a lt a r g e t f o r a n t i - a i r c r a f t ? r e , a n d f o r o t h e r p urp o s e s , wh e r e v e r i t i s desired t o - make an a nn o u n c e m e n t t o t h e ground q u i c k l y o v e r a l a r g ea r e a .Generally s t a t e d t h e o b j e c t o f my i n v e n t i o ni s t o provide a streamer o f simple a n d inexpen

' sive construction so d esi gne d t h a t when t o w e db e h i n d a n a e r o p l a n e or ot her aircraft i t w i l lassume a p o s i t i o n in a s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r t i c a l pl anewith i t s l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y p a r a l l e li n g l e v e l g r o u n d . M o r e s p e c i ? c a l l y t h e s t r e a m e r. i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a p a r t i c u l a r f o rm o f b r i d l ea t i t s leading e dge a n d a f l e x i b l e connectionbetween t h e tow l i n e a n d b r i d l e , whereby underd i f f e r e n t c o n d i t i o n s o f ?ying speed and windt h e streamer h as c a p a c i t y f o r s e l f - a d j u s t m e n t

i a n d ' t e n d s t o maintain t h e d e s i r e d p o s i t i o n o f?ight. _Other o b j e c t s and a d v a n t a g e s c h a r a c t e r i z i n gmy present invention w i l l b e c ome more f u l l yapparent f rom the d e s c r i p t i o n o f c e r t a i n e x ~amples o r embo dimen ts t h e r e o f which a r e here

i n a f t e r s e t f o r t h w i t h r e f e r e n c e t o t h e a c com p a n y i n g d r a w i n g . Of t h e drawing:F i g . I represents a s i d e elevation o f a streamer

o f my invention with th e t ow l i n e s u b s t a n t i a l l ytaut.

F i g . 1 1 r e p r e s e n t s a s i m i l a r view o f t h e same,with slack i n the t ow l i n e showing how the s t r e a m e r a d a p t s i t s e l f t o c h a n g e d . c o n d i t i o n s ;a n d ,

F i g . I I I represents a s i d e elevation o f a p ort i o n o f a . mo d i ? e d streamer i n w h i c h the b r i d l ei s d i f f e r e n t l y c o n s t r u c t e d .With r e f e r e n c e t o the streamer i l l u st r a t e d i nF i g s . I a n d I I , i t w i l l be observed that the samecomprises a rectangular skeleton f r amewor k i n ~e l u d i n g r i g i d v e r t i c a l membe rs I d i s p o s e d i nspaced p a r a l l e l r e l a t i o n a nd l o n g i t u d i n a l nonr i g i d members 2 , 3 and 4 , d i s p o s e d a t r i g h t a n g l e st o the v e r t i c a l m e m b e r s I a n d p a r a l l e l t o e a c ho t h e r . Preferably th e v e r t i c a l m e m b e r s I maytake the f o r m o f b a m b o o p o l e s , whe r e as th e u p p e ra nd lower l o n g i t u d i n a l m emb e rs 2 , 3 a r e . d e s i r a b l ym a d e o f s t o u t c o r d , a nd the i n t e r m e d i a t e l o n g itudinal m e m b e r s 4 o f ? n e r c o r d ; The l e t t e r s orsymbols 5 t o be displayed on the f r amewor k o fthe streamer are secured b y a n y s u i t a b l e meanst o the intermediate l o n g i t u d i n a l m e m b e r s 4 , o rthey may extend f rom t h e upper l o n g i t u d i n a l 2t o t h e l o w e r l o n g i t u d i n a l 3 , t h e p r e s e n t i n v e n

( C l . 40-127)t i o n not being concerned with the mode o f a tt a c hmen t o f the d i s p l a y s i g n t o the framework.At the fo rw a r d o r leading e n d of th e streamerI em p l o y a loop b r i d l e 6 joining the up p e r a n dlower ends o f th e foremost v e r t i c a l member Ia n d forming therewith a triangular connectionb e twe e n the t ow l i n e i a n d the f r amewor k o ft he streamer. Th e t ow l i n e i terminates i n a neye or th imb l e 8 surround ing the b r i d l e 6 a n ds l i d a b l e t h e r e o n . In o r d e r t o g i v e adequates t r e n g t h t o t h e foremost v e r t i c a l membe r i withou t und ul y i n c r e a s i n g i t s w e i g h t , a s t r u t 9 i sp o s i t i o n e d behind the member bracing i t a t i t smedial p o r t i o n . Th e s t r u t 9 i s held i n p l a c e bya stay wire l 0 including a turnbuc kl e H bym e a n s o f w h i c h the wire may be t aut ened t o thed e s i r e d d e g r e e .

Wh i l e the streamer i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n the d r a wi ng with a longitudinal a x i s assuming a horizont a l p o s i t i o n , i t i s t o be understood that und e ra c t u a l ?ying c o n d i t i o n s t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l a x i s maybe i n c l i n e d t o a n angle o f twenty degrees o rthereabouts with t h e h o r i z o n t a l , a n d the wordshorizontal a n d v e r t i c a l a r e therefore usedherein i n a general s e n s e . Moreover, the streamermay be o f considerably g r e a t e r length i n prop o r t i o n t o height t h a n represented i n the p a rt i c u l a r i l l u s t r a t e d embod im e nt o f t h e i n v e n t i o n .Th r o u g h o u t the f r amewor k o f the streamer Ip r e f e r a b l y employ d i a g o n a l m emb e rs l 2 , one f o re a c h pane l o f t h e framework, th e diagonals j o i n ~ l i n g t h e upp e r end o f v e a c h v e r t i c a l m e m b e r Iwith the lower e nd o f the next v e r t i c a l memberto t h e rear thereof.

At t he rear e n d o f th e streamer t here i s provided a t r a i l i n g loop M i n th e form o f a l i n ejoining t he up p e r a n d lower ends o f th e rearmost v e r t i c a l m e m b e r I . Th e t r a i l i n g l o o p I 4

c o n s t i t u t e s a counterpart o f the b r i d l e 6 a t theforward e nd o f the s t r e a m e r . To the t r a i l i n g l o o p h i there i s s l i d a b l y connected a drag e l em e n t I 5 w h i c h may ta ke the f o r m o f the w e l lk n ow n wind s o c k , a nd which o f f e r s s u ? i c i e n tr e s i s t a n c e t o maintain the s t a b i l i t y o f thestreamer d u r i n g f l i g h t . Th e drag element l 5p r e f e r a b l y i s a t t a c h e d t o t h e t r a i l i n g l o o p [ 4b y means of an e ye or t himble i t , or alternat i v e l y ? x e d w i n d socks a re att ached t o the endso f t h e rearmost v e r t i c a l member .By the c o n s t r u c t i o n d e s c r i b e d a b o v e , t h ef r a m e w o r k o f the streamer i s i n e f f e c t pivoted

f o r revolution about a longitudinal towing a x i s: c - a : wh i c h v a r i e s i n i t s p o s i t i o n according t othe speed o f t h e towing v e h i c l e , wind c o n d i t i o n sa n d other f a c t o r s . In order t o maintain thestreamer i n s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r t i c a l plane a n d Withou t causing i t t o sa g intermediate i t s forwarda n d rear e n d s , the f r amewor k i s weighted a t .the t wo lower c o r n e r s , the weights being a ttached t o the foremost a n d rearmost v e r t i c a l

10

60

8/22/2019 Aerial Advertising Banner (1933)

3/3

10

30

4 0

7 5

2m e m b e r a s i n d i c a t e d a t l 1 , l 8 , thus p l a c i n gth e center o f g r a v i t y o f the f r amewor k near i t slower edge a n d w e l l below t h e l o w e s t p o s i t i o n o ft h e towing a x i s .In F i g . I I I t here i s represented a m o d i ? e dfo rm o f streamer o f my invention i n wh i c h thel o o p b r i d l e 6 a i n c l u d e s s t a y s 2 i , - extending diagon a l l y u p w a r d a n d d ow nw a r d f rom the c e n t e ro f the leading v e r t i c a l member l a n d j o i n i n gt h e l o o p b r i d l e S o a t p o i n t s d e s i g n a t e d a t 2 | a nd2 2 . Wit h t h i s construction the s t a y s 2 8 r e i n f o r c ethe leading v e r t i c a l member I against b e n d i n ga t i t s medial portion a n d thus p e r f o r m a funct i o n equivalent t o that o f the s t r u t 9 describedwith r e f e r e n c e t o the s t r u c t u r e o f F i g s . I a n d I I .Th e t ow l i n e i i s s l i d a b l y connected t o the l o o pb r i d l e ( i d , but i t s m o v e m e n t i s c o n ? n e d withinthat portion o f the b r i d l e i n a dv an c e o f thep o i n t s 2 ! , 2 2 .

I t i s t o be e s p e c i a l l y noted that i n both formso f my invention the t ow l i n e i is'not fastenedt o a ny p a r t i c u l a r p o i n t o f t h e b r i d l e 6 , but i s f r e et o move therealong. Heretofore i t h a s b e e nproposed t o employ a ?x e d connection betweenthe t ow l i n e a n d b r i d l e a n d t o u t i l i z e a numbero f a u x i l i a r y b r i d l e l i n e s l e a d i n g f r om the inners e c t i o n o f the t ow l i n e a n d b r i d l e t o th e medialp o r t i o n o f the foremost v e r t i c a l member o f thestreamer. An e x am p l e o f such p r a c t i c e i s i l l u st r a t e d i n the patent t o M . S . DuPont No . 1 , 9 0 1 ,8 5 5 , i s s u e d M a r c h 1 4 , 1 9 3 3 . By t h e p r o v i s io n o fa loop b r i d l e a n d f l e x i b l e conne c ti on between thet ow l i n e a n d the same, the f r amewor k o f thestreamer h as c a p a c i t y f o r self-adjustment withr e s p e c t t o th e t ow l i n e a n d h e n c e tends t o assumea p o s i t i o n i n whi c h i t s longitudinal a x i s i s su bs t a n t i a l l y l e v e l i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e d e g r e e o f t a u tness o f the t ow l i n e 1 . This ? e x i b i l i t y or capacityf o r ad justment i s l i k e w i s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f thedrag element 1 5 . In e f f e c t the streamer i s su pp o r t e d ? e x i b l y between two movable p o i n t s , a ndi n c i d e n t t o changes i n t h e speed o f the towingv e h i c l e or other conditions w i l l te nd to m a i n t a i nt h e d e s i r e d p o s i t i o n . Moreover, t h e ? e x i b i l i t y o rc a p a c i t y f o r self-adjustment i s obtained i n suchmanner as not t o p l a c e undue s t r a i n . u p o n t h el e a d i n g v e r t i c a l membe r o f t h e s t r e a m e r , t h i smembe r b e i n g a d e q u a t e l y r e i n f o r c e d a g a i n s tbending a t i t s medial p o r t i o n .

In F i g . I the streamer i s represented with thetow l i n e I r e l a t i v e l y t a u t . When the speed o fthe towing v e h i c l e i s decreased mom en t a r i l y o rw h e n f o r other reason the t ow l i n e 1 b e c ome sslackened, as rep resen t ed with some e x a g g g e r ation in F i g . I I , t h e tow ing axis w i l l assume aposition m o r e n e a r the center l i n e o f t h e st r e ame r . U n d e r t h i s condition the weights l 1 , i l l w i l lmaintain the streamer i n a s u b s t a n t i a l l y v e r t i c a lpl ane a n d the towing b r i d l e 6 w i l l assume a d i ff e r e n t l y shaped t r i a n g l e . W i t h a ? x e d connect i o n b e t w e e n the t ow l i n e a n d b r i d l e there i sn e c e s s a r i l y a tendency f o r the l e a d i n g v e r t i c a lmember t o assume a position substantially a tr i g h t angles t o the t o w l i n e . Wit h th e streamerconstructed i n th e manner o f my invention, theleading v e r t i c a l member w i l l t end t o r e t a i n i t sv e r t i c a l p o s i t i o n with r e l a t i o n t o the ground, i rr e s p e c t i v e o f whether t h e t ow l i n e i s r e l a t i v e l ytaut or r e l a t i v e l y s l a c k .

Wh i l e I have described certain speci?c examp l e s o f the p r a c t i c e o f my i n v e n t i o n , i t w i l l beapparent, e s p e c i a l l y t o t h o s e s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t ,that various c h a n g es may be made i n the pa rt i c u l a r form o f the s t r e a m e r , i t s framework,b r i d l e l i n e s a nd r e i n f o r c i n g e l e m e n t s , a l l without

2 , 1 1 2 , 2 0 4 .dep art ing f r om the s p i r i t o f the invention a sd e ? n e d i n the a n n e x e d c l a i m s .Ha vi ng thus d e s c r i b e d my n v e n t i o n , I c l a i m :1 . A streamer adapted f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a . s u b s t a n t i a l l y rectangular s k e l e t o nframework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a nd l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l m emb e rs b e i n g r i g i d a n dth e f r a m e w o r k h a v i n g a center o f gravity n eareri t s lower e d g e , a l o o p b r i d l e j o i n i n g the upper a n dlower e n ds o f the foremost v e r t i c a l member, a t owl i n e s l i d a b l y connected t o s a i d l o o p b r i d l e , a n da d r a g e l e m e n t c o n n e c t e d to t h e r e a r end of saidframework.2 . A streamer a d a p t e d f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a s u b s t a n t i a l l y rectangular s k e l e t o nframework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a nd l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l m emb e rs being r i g i d a ndt h e fr am ewo r k having a center o f gravity n eareri t s l o w e r e d g e , a l o o p b r i d l e j o i n i n g the uppera n d lower ends o f th e foremost v e r t i c a l memb e r ,s a i d f o r e m o s t v e r t i c a l membe r b e i n g r e i n f o r c e dagainst bending a t i t s medial p o r t i o n , a t ow l i n es l i d a b l y connected t o s a i d l o o p b r i d l e , a n d a d r a gelement connect ed t o th e rear end-of s a i d f r a mework.3 . A streamer a d a p t e d f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a s u b s t a n t i a l l y rectangular s k e l e t o nframework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a nd l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l membe rs b e i n g r i g i d a ndthe f r a m e w o r k having a center o f gravity n e a ri t s lower e d g e , a l o o p b r i d l e j o i n i n g the up p e ra n d lower ends o f the foremost v e r t i c a l member,a s t r u t reinforcing said foremost v e r t i c a l member a g a i n s t b en d i n g a t i t s medial p o r t i o n , a towl i n e terminating i n a thimble s l i d a b l y m o u n t e don s a i d loop b r i d l e , a n d a d r a g element connect edt o th e rear e n d o f said framework.

4 . A streamer adapted f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a s u b s t a n t i a l l y rectangular s k e l e t o nframework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a n d l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l members b e i n g r i g i d a ndth e f r amewor k h a v i ng a center o f gravity neari t s lower e d g e , a l o o p b r i d l e j o i n i n g the up p e ra n d lower ends o f the foremost v e r t i c a l member,s t a y s e x t e n d i n g d i a g o n a l l y upward-and downwardf r o m th e c e nte r o f said foremost v e r t i c a l memb e r , s t a y s e x t e n d i n g d i a g o n a l l y upward anddownward f r o m th e center of said foremost v e rt i c a l m e m b e r a nd j o i n i n g s a i d l o o p b r i d l e t h e r eby r e i n f o r c i n g the same against bending, a towl i n e s l i d a b l y c o n n e c t e d . t o t h e b i g h t o f t h e b r i d l ebetween said s t a y s , a n d a d r a g e l em e n t c onnect ed t o th e r e a r e n d o f s a i d framework.5 . A streamer adapted f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a s u b s t a n t i a l l y rectangular s k e l e t o nf ramework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a n d l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l m emb e rs b e i n g r i g i d a ndthe f r amewor k having a center o f g r a v i t y n e a ri t s lower e d g e , a l o o p b r i d l e j o i n i n g the uppera n d lower ends o f t he foremost v e r t i c a l memb e r , a t ow l i n e s l i d a b l y connected t o s a i d l o o pb r i d l e , a l i n e j o i n i n g the up p e r a n d lower endso f the rearmost v e r t i c a l memb e r , a n d a d r a g e l ement s l i d a b l y connected t o s a i d l i n e .

6 . A streamer a d a p t e d f o r towing by a i r c r a f tcomprising a s u b s t a n t i a l l y r e c t a n g u l a r s k e l e t o nframework i n c l u d i n g v e r t i c a l a nd l o n g i t u d i n a lmembers, t h e v e r t i c a l members b e i n g r i g i d a ndthe f ramework being weighted a t i t s t wo l o w e rc o r n e r s , a loop b r i d l e joining the u p p e r a n dlower ends o f th e foremost v e r t i c a l m e m b e r , atow l i n e s l i d a b l y connected t o s a i d l o o p b r i d l e ,a n d a d r a g e l e m e nt connect ed t o t he rear o f s a i dframework.

CHARLES D. YOUNG.

10

I O $ 1

40

45

70