7/29/2019 Advocate of Peace, Vol 77 No 5, May, 1915: A League of Peace

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World Affairs Institute

A League of PeaceReviewed work(s):Source: The Advocate of Peace (1894-1920), Vol. 77, No. 5 (MAY, 1915), pp. 105-106

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7/29/2019 Advocate of Peace, Vol 77 No 5, May, 1915: A League of Peace

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110 e ofVOL. LXXVII. WASHINGTON, D. C, MAY, 1915. No. 5

THE AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY,founded in may, 1828,Publishers,

colorado building, washington, d. c.cable address?"ampax, washington."

MONTHLY, EXCEPT SEPTEMBER. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR.Entered as Second-Class Matter June 1, 1911, at the Post Office atWashington. D. C. under the Act of July 16, 1894.Make all checks payable to the American Peace Society. To personal checks onWestern and Southern banks add ten cts. for collecting

CONTENTS PageEditorials. 105-108Secretary Trueblood's Retirement?A League of Peace?The Pan-American Conference?The War and a GreaterScandinavia.Editorial Notes. 108-110Conference at The Hague?Private Military Organization ? Japan and America ? World Alliance ofChurches?Two Paths to Enduring Peace.Among the Peace Organizations. 110-112Brief Peace Notes. 112-114Field Department Notes. 114-115Central West Department?South Atlantic States Department?New England Department.General Articles :The Women's Litany. Poem. Ina Duvall Singleton. . 116The Moral Responsibility of the United States for theContinuance of the War. Wm. Weston Patton. .... 116-118The Foundations of Permanent Peace. G, Spiller... . 118-119Fundamental Cause of War. J. Ingram Bryan. 120A Word of Cheer. H. S. Perris. 120-122The Woman's Peace Party. Alice Peloubet Norton... 122-123Book Reviews.123-124Departments of the American Peace Society. 124Branches of the American Peace Society. 124-125Officers of the American Peace Society. 126Publications of the American Peace Society. 127

Secretary Trueblood's Retirement.As heretofore announced, Bienjamin F. Trueblood,who has been secretary of the American Peace Soci

ety and editor of the Advocate of Peace since May,1892, retires at the annual meeting on May 7. Hehas made an unusual effort to continue his work inthe great cause of international goodwill and peace,but the nervous breakdown which befell him nearlytwo years ago has proved to-be of so serious a naturethat it is impossible for him to think of continuingthe important duties of the secretaryship. Hehas therefore resigned his position, and . ill givehimself to entire rest for the coming months, hoping

to be able later still to do some service in the world'swork. He hopes that after some months of rest andrecuperation he may be able towrite, forhis youngerco-workers, the story of the last twenty-five years ofthe peace movement. After June first his addresswill be Newton Highlands, Massachusetts.

A League of Peace.There are only two questions now before the friends

of peace:First: How can the great war be stopped ?Second: How can all war be stopped ?There ismuch that can be said in favor of not dis

cussing the precise terms of peace at thismoment.There is nothing that can be said against discussingthe ways to hasten the day "when the only battlefieldwill be themarket open to commerce and themind opening to new ideas."Of all the suggestions for bringing lasting peace atthe end of the war none is receiving somuch consideration at the present moment as the substitution of theprinciple of international co-operation for ententes andalliances?in short, the creation of a League ofPeace ofthe more advanced nations to maintain hereafter thepeace of theworld.

Already the idea has been advocated by such bodiesas the Union of Democratic Control of England, theSouth German Social Democrats, the American SocialistParty, the International Peace Bureau at Berne, theEmergency Peace Conference at Chicago, theWoman'sPeace Party, the Dutch Anti-War Council, theWorldPeace Foundation, and the New York Peace Society,while such individuals as Viscount Bryce and NormanAngell in England, and Mr. Taft, Mr. Koosevelt,

Mr.Carnegie, Mr. Lowell, Mr. Hammond, Mr. Marburg,Mr. Holt and others in this country, are working outtentative plans for a League of Peace.Without expressing our views as to the basis for aLeague of Peace at this moment, we present for theconsideration of our readers some of the questions thatmust be carefully studied by international statesmenbefore, a League of Peace can be established. We urgeall friends of peace to be considering them, so that if,when the time arrives (if -it does arrive), the peaceworkers will not be found unready.

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7/29/2019 Advocate of Peace, Vol 77 No 5, May, 1915: A League of Peace

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106 THE ADVOCATE OF PEACE. May,CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING A LEAGUE OF PEACE.

Formation.1. Shall a conference of all the nations be called toftfrma League of Peace to come into existence whenratified bya) all or&) a certain percentage of the powers?2. Or shall a select list of powers be invited?3. Shall such conference be called now or at the closeof thewar or thereafter?4. Shall theUnited States, the Allies, the Neutrals,some single nation or other nations, initiate the conference?5. How few nations could start theLeague with hopeof success?a) How many of the eight great powers ?b) How many of the smaller powers?

Guarantees.1. Shall the League guarantee and respecta) the vital interests (territory and sovereignty) ofitsmembers?b) the national honor?

Peaceful Settlement of Differences.1. Shall all differences be arbitrated ?2. Or shall territory, sovereignty, etc., be reservedfrom arbitration?3. Or shall only justiciable questions be arbitrated ?4. Or shall only those things be arbitrated which themembers have severally agreed to refer to arbitration ?5. Shall the League offer to arbitrate with nationsoutside theLeague? If so,what questions?

Courts.1. Shall the present Hague Court be the Court of theLeague ?2. Or some specially constituted one? If so,what?

Council of Conciliation.1. Shall a Council of Conciliation be established topass upon non-justiciable questions ?a) Shall it have power to decide disputes?&) Or shall its powers be only advisory?c) Or shall it have power tomake recommendationson its own initiative?

Assembly.1. Is an assembly necessary as distinct from a court?2. If so, shall it be occasional or periodic ?3. Shall ithave absolute legislative power, or4. Shall its decrees bea) Eeferred to the nations for approval, orb) Become law within a stated period unless vetoed?5. Shall legislation be enacted bya) majority vote (United States),b) three-fourths majority vote (Continental Congress), orc) unanimous vote (Hague Conferences) ?

Sanction.1. Shall theLeague usea) Force or

b) Moral sanction?2. If force, shall its use be confineda) to compelling the reference of a dispute to a courtor to the Council of Conciliation?b) to the carrying out of the decision of the court orthe Council of Conciliation?3. If force, shall its use be confineda) tomaintaining law within theLeague orb) to coerce non-members ?4. If force is used against a non-member, shall it havea) unconditional right to coerce non-member orb) only for reasons which would be valid againstmember of League ?5. Shall force be under command of Court, Assembly,Council of Conciliation, or some form of executive, orshall it be assembled by joint agreement as occasion requires ? Limitation of Armaments.1. Shall League agree to disarm down to a point alittle larger than any force of outside nation or alliancelikely to attack it, or.2. Shall nations arm themselves according to theirjudgment,3. Or shall Assembly decree size of force?

Joining League.1. Shall any outside nation have right to ente rLeague by ratifying agreement, or2. Must its application be approved? If so, how?

Withdrawal.1. Can member ofLeague withdraw on due notice, or2. Shall membership be perpetual, or3. Shall League be constituted for stated period ofyears ?

Expulsion.1. Can nations expel recalcitrant nationa) withorb) without cause?2. If so,a) by unanimous consent orb) by what majority?

The Pan-American Conference.The JPan-American Conference will open in the PanAmerican building inWashington onMay 24, and continue for one week. This conference will be in some

respects the most important meeting of representativesof the Pan-American countries since Secretary Blaineadvocated the Pan-American movement. The conference is under the general charge ofMr. MeAdoo, Secretary of the Treasury, who is acting with the co-operationof Secretary Bryan and the hearty approval of PresidentWilson.

By authority of Congress invitations have been sentby the President to the republics of Central and SouthAmerica to appoint as delegates their ministers offinance and not exceeding three representatives of thebanking institutions in each of the republics. It is un

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