Adviser NITI Aayog...4000 BCM Water Resource potential available 1869 BCM Potential that can be put...
Transcript of Adviser NITI Aayog...4000 BCM Water Resource potential available 1869 BCM Potential that can be put...
Recent Reforms In Water Management Sector In
India Avinash Mishra
Adviser
NITI Aayog
27th September 2019
Annual Precipitation including snowfall
4000 BCM
Water Resource potential available
1869 BCM
Potential that can be put to beneficial use
1137 BCM • 690 BCM
(Surface water) • 447 BCM
(Ground water)
Present water use 710 BCM of which 555 BCM is for irrigation
Expected demand of water by 2025
843 BCM
Demand of water in 2050
1180 BCM
Scenario of Water Resources in India
Year Water availability(in m3)
1947 6008
1953 5000
1991 2200
2001 1829
2025 1340
2050 1140
1. Water availability <= 1700 m3 per capita, “Water Scarce” condition.
2. Water availability <=1000 m3 per capita, “Water Stress” condition.
3. 12 river basins with 82 crore population are already water scarce.
Per capita Water Availability
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Per Capita Storage Availability in various Countries
Country Per capita availability in m3
Russia 6103.70
Australia 4733.65
Brazil 3145.08
USA 1964.07
Turkey 1739.38
Spain 1410.10
Mexico 1245.39
China 1111.82
South Africa 753.65
India 262.95 3
Country Industrial water productivity
(US$/cubic meter)
Argentina 30.00
Brazil 23.40
India 7.50
South Korea 95.60
Norway 35.00
Sweden 92.2
Thailand 48.9
Industrial efficiency: Cross Country Scenario
Major Challenges
Poor Water Use Efficiency (WUE) India WP: 1.9 (USD/m3)
Country WUE (USD/m3)
Algeria 15.5
Angola 108.7
Brazil 21.2
China 16.7
Russia 10.7
Singapore 85.0
The UK 281.1
Only 1/3rd of generated waste water is treated (46.2 BCM out of 140 BCM)
Irrigation Potential Created vis-à-vis Irrigation Potential Utilized (IPC-IPU Gap): 23%
Blocked investment due to IPC-IPU Gap: Rs. 10.3
lakh cr. or Rs. 4.5 lakh/Ha.
(FAO)
Low Storage Capacity: 36% (253 BCM out of 690 BCM)
Decadal water level decline in monitoring wells (2008-18): 52% wells
Agriculture WUE
0.3 USD/m3
Irrigation Status
• Irrigation coverage – 68.10 million ha (48 %)
• Irrigation through ground water - 31 %
• Tube-wells main source of irrigation followed by canals
• Gap between potential created and utilized - 21 %
• Water use efficiency - 30 to 40 %
Area in million ha
Sector Existing
Potential
Potential
Created
Potential
Utilized
Major and Medium Irrigation 58.47 47.41 35.01
Minor Irrigation 81.43 65.12 54.25
(a) Surface Water 17.38 15.72 12.43
(b) Ground Water 64.05 49.40 41.82
Total 139.90 112.53 89.26
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India is currently suffering from the worst water crisis in its history
Note: 1. Baseline water stress measures total annual water withdrawals (municipal, industrial, and agricultural) expressed as a percent of the total annual available flow for 2010; higher values indicate more competition among users Source: WRI Aqueduct; UNICEF; WaterAID, Forbes India 2015, Census 2011 According to Census 2011: out of total 24 crore households, only 7 crore households are getting treated tap water i.e 70 % households are getting contaminated water
Baseline water stress in India
Ratio of total withdrawals and total flow (2010)
• 600 million people face high-to-extreme water
stress.
• 75% of households do not have drinking water on
premise. 82% rural households do not have piped
water access.
• 70% of our water is contaminated; India is
currently ranked 120 among 122 countries in the
water quality index.
Facts: Water supply is limited, quality is poor
Data-based decision making will be a critical lever for effective water management in India
Rationale behind CWMI
• Highly scattered distribution of annual precipitation
• Loss due to evapotranspiration and topographical constraints
• Availability of both surface and ground water varies
• Dire need of sustainable management of water resources
• No data centres for water related data and hence no sharing of data among the states.
• Water Management Index for formulating strategy for States/Ministries/ Departments
• Index will serve the purpose of tracking performance and taking corrective measures
• CWMI has 28 Key Performance Indicators
(KPI).
• CWMI deals with many Department
activities cutting across Central/ State/UT
Governments, viz.
Ministry of Jal Shakti
Ministry of Rural Development
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Panchayati Raj
Ministry of Power
Local Bodies
Key Highlights
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Composite Water Management Index (CWMI)
Objective
• Data-backed water management and promote ‘competitive, cooperative federalism
• Instill sense of competitive management of water resources across the States
Data
• An annual exercise of data collection on 28 key performance indicators under the 9 sub domain
• Data fed by 9 to 10 departments of States into the online portal.
First initiative of this kind
• CWMI is the country’s first comprehensive and integrated national dataset for water and is a massive achievement in the context of India’s water management
Two Rounds of CWMI
• Round I of the Index was launched in June 2018.
• CWMI 2.0
launched in August 2019
Objective
• Data-backed water management and promote ‘competitive, cooperative federalism
• Instill sense of competitive management of water resources across the States
Data
• An annual exercise of data collection on 28 key performance indicators under the 9 sub domain
• Data fed by 9 to 10 departments of States into the online portal.
First initiative of this kind
• CWMI is the country’s first comprehensive and integrated national dataset for water and is a massive achievement in the context of India’s water management
Two Rounds of CWMI
Objective
• Data-backed water management and promote ‘competitive, cooperative federalism
• Instill sense of competitive management of water resources across the States
Data
• An annual exercise of data collection on 28 key performance indicators under the 9 sub domain
• Data fed by 9 to 10 departments of States into the online portal.
First initiative of its kind
• CWMI is the country’s first comprehensive and integrated national dataset for water and is a massive achievement in the context of India’s water management
Two Rounds of CWMI
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Ranking of the Non-Himalayan States over the years
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Ranking of the Himalayan States over the years
Despite the improvement, most states need to show substantial improvements in water management practices
Key findings
16 out of the 27 states still score less than 50 points on the Index (out of 100), and fall in the low-performing category.
These states collectively account for ~48% of the population, ~40% of agricultural produce, and ~35% of economic
output of India
Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Nagaland, and Meghalaya still score less than 40 points, and the average
improvement in low-performing category over the last three years stands at 3.1 points, lower than 5.2-point average
improvement observed across states
Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Kerala, and Delhi, 4 of the top 10 contributors to India’s economic output, have scores ranging
from 20 points to 47 points
None of the top 10 agricultural producers in India, except Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh, score more than 60 points on the
CWMI
This is concerning given that assessment on almost half of the Index scores is directly linked to water management in
agriculture
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Jal Jeevan Mission
Status: 18% rural households with piped water supply by March 2019 (Source: DDWS)
Objective: All village households should have access to adequate water supply free from bacteriological and chemical contamination within the premises or supply line is within 10 meters distance from the premises boundary Target: (i) Adequate water supply = 55 lpcd (current supply: 40 lpcd) (ii) Every project village to have integrated water management which includes rain water harvesting and waste water management for reuse and recharge Central share: 1.8 lakh crore out of total investment of 3.6 lakh crore
Jal Shakti Abhiyaan (JSA)
Objective: To make water conservation a Jan Andolan through asset creation and communication campaign in 1592 water stressed blocks in 256 districts Phases: The JSA runs in two Phases: Phase 1 from 1st July to 15th September 2019 for all States and Union Territories; and Phase 2 from 1st October to 30th November for States and UTs receiving the retreating monsoon (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu) Interventions: Rainwater Harvesting, Renovation of traditional and other water bodies, Reuse bore-well recharge structures, Watershed development and Intensive afforestation.
Way Forward
Expedite Command Area
Development and Water
Management works in
irrigation projects
Performance Management of Irrigation
Systems using Remote Sensing, Artificial
Intelligence & Sensor-Based Technology
Modernize the irrigation
infrastructure projects which
are more than 25 years old
Refurbish piped water supply
network to reduce distribution
losses in urban areas
In-situ treatment and use of
waste water among housing
complexes and supply through
two-pipe system
Encourage water saving
technologies, treatment &
reuse of wastewater, and
changing of industrial
processes Repair, Renovate and Restore
the existing water bodies
Explore irrigation potential
through groundwater in 96 most
‘irrigation deprived districts’ for
creation of 9.5 lakh irrigation
facilities
Thank You
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