advicesheet Electives S1 - British Dental Association · the Forensic Dentistry website - General...

advicesheet

S1Electives

Electives bda advice sheet (S1)2

Why choose anoverseas electiveinstead of adomestic elective?· To experience another culture -

it is a great opportunity to gaininsight into and empathy withpatients and colleagues fromdifferent cultures.

· To see different conditions orpatterns of disease - you may seeconditions not prevalent in theUK.

· To gain further clinicalexperience - there maysometimes be an opportunity tosee, or in some cases perform,procedures which at home youwould at best observe from adistance.

· To gain a global perspective - anoverseas elective will help tobroaden your knowledge andgive you a greater insight intoworld dental health priorities,allowing you to comparemethods of health care deliveryaround the world.

· To collect data for a comparativestudy, this might be acontinuation of a researchproject already started withinyour dental school.

Why choose adomestic electiveinstead of anoverseaselective?· To gain insight into specialist

practice - it may give you aunique opportunity to gain first-hand experience in specialistfields.

· To gain insight into the differentcareer options available todentists

© BDA September 2006

· You may be able to gainexperience in a new area ofpractice such as:

Community DentistryCorporate DentistryDental DefenceOrganisationsDental JournalismDental ResearchDentistry within the ArmedForcesForensic DentistryGeneral Dental PracticeHomeopathic DentistryIndustrial DentistrySpecialist Dental PracticeVeterinary Dentistry

· To save money - a domesticelective is likely to be a lotcheaper than going overseas.

· Geographical restraints - itmight be that the researchthat you want to take part inis only being carried out inthe UK.

Electives bda advice sheet (S1) 3

© BDA September2006

DomesticElectives When Should I Start Planning?

The BDA recommends that you startplanning your domestic elective atleast 7-9 months before you are dueto start. This may seem like a longtime, but you are likely to find thatsome popular placements startgetting booked up well in advanceand there will be plenty to organiseeven if you are not going abroad.

Correspondence is likely to bequicker for domestic electives thanfor overseas. However, the lack of atimely acceptance letter could meanthat you miss out on awards andscholarships available to you.

What are my options?

As with any prospective electiveplacement, you should ideally checkits suitability with your supervisoror school regulations, beforecontacting your host.

There are a number of sectors ofdentistry that might be able to offeryou a domestic elective, some moreunusual than others. The list belowshould help you focus on an areathat might be of interest to you, orat least give you some ideas.

Armed Forces

There is no formal placementsystem within the Armed Forces,however, they do occasionally offer'one-off ' placements on request.

Please write to:

Defence Dental ServicesRAF HaltonAylesburyBuckinghamshire HP22 5PG

T: 01296 623535

Community Dental Services

You should check with yoursupervisor to see whether your dentalschool has links with your localCommunity Dental Service. If not,contact the Head of Dental Serviceswithin the Primary Care Trust / LocalHealth Board of your choice.

Dental Corporate Bodies

Your supervisor may know of paststudents who have gainedplacements with Dental CorporateBodies in the UK. If not, it is worththinking about putting together aformal speculative letter and sendingit to a number of organisations. Afull list of Dental Corporate Bodiesand their contact details is availablefrom the General Dental Council's(GDC) website www.gdc-uk.org.

Dental Defence Organisations

It may be possible to arrange aplacement within one of the dentaldefence organisations. At presentthere are no formal placementschemes in the UK, however, theymay be willing to give 'one-off 'placements.

Dental Defence Union - www.the-ddu.com

Dental Protection -www.dentalprotection.org

Medical and Dental Defence Unionof Scotland - www.mddus.com

Dental Journalism

It may be possible to organise aplacement with a dental journal or

magazine. It is worth contactingindividual dental publishers as theymay be willing to offer a placement.The British Dental Journal does notcurrently offer placements.

Dental Research

It is likely that your supervisor willbe able to give you the contactdetails of anyone carrying outrelevant research at your dentalschool. It is also worth contactingother UK dental schools if youwould like to experience life inanother city or university.

Forensic Dentistry

It may be possible to organise aplacement with a forensic dentist.For up to date contact details visitthe Forensic Dentistry website -www.forensicdentistryonline.org

General Dental Services

If you want to gain some experiencein general dental practice youshould ask your supervisor whetherhe/she knows of any GDPs in thearea that have offered placements inthe past. It may be that you will haveto write speculative letters. For a listof all the GDPs in the UK werecommend that you look at theGeneral Dental Council's website -www.gdc-uk.org.

Homeopathic Dentistry

You may be able to arrange aplacement with a homeopathicdentist. For up to date contactdetails visit the BritishHomeopathic Dental Association'swebsite - www.bhda.org.uk

Hospital Dental Services

If you are interested in hospitaldentistry you are advised to speakwith your supervisor who may havesome established contacts, orcontact other dental hospitals foradvice and information.

Industrial Dentistry

Some large companies have in housedentists and may consider takingstudents for short placements.


Specialist Dental Practice

The General Dental Council(www.gdc-uk.org) has establishedspecialist lists for the followingspecialties:

· Oral Surgery (the academicspeciality)

· Surgical Dentistry

· Dental Public Health

· Orthodontics

· Paediatric Dentistry

· Restorative Dentistry, and itsmono-specialties

· Endodontics

· Periodontics

· Prosthodontics

· Oral Medicine

· Oral Microbiology

· Oral Pathology

· Dental and MaxillofacialRadiology

University Teaching

Your supervisor will be able to giveyou the contact details of anyonewithin your dental school who iswilling to be shadowed. If it is notpossible to gain a placement withinyour dental school try contactingother schools for options.

Risk Assessment

The BDA recommends that all UKdental placements be assessed andapproved by your university/dentalschool and a risk assessmentcompleted as with any overseasplacement.

Make sure you talk everythingthrough with your elective co-ordinator and keep theminformed throughout the process.


OverseaselectivesWhen Should I Start Planning?

The BDA recommends that you startthinking about your project andpotential destinations at least a yearbefore you go and start detailedplanning at least 9 months beforeyou are due to leave. This may seem along time, but you are likely to findthat placements in some popularlocations are already taken and thewhole organising process takeslonger than expected. There are oftenunexpected delays and you shouldplan for these in your schedule.

Correspondence can take months,depending on communication links,and it is sometimes not possible toapply for grants or scholarships untilyou have a firm acceptance.Grant/Scholarship Committees onlymeet at certain times of the year, anda lack of a timely acceptance lettercould mean that you miss out onfunding available to you.

Be prepared for unexpected delayswith visas and passports. It is alsogood to know that if your plans fallthrough there is plenty of time tomake alternative arrangements.

What do I needto do first?Speak to your elective co-ordinator

Most schools have a member of staffon hand to supervise and help withelective planning. Make sure youcontact the person in your schoolearly on and attend any electiveevenings or seminars. You willusually be given the school'sguidelines or regulations regardingelective placements, together with ahost of ideas and tips for planningand a timetable of deadlines.

Think about where you want togo and what you want to do

You may already have a good idea,but if not, see what information isavailable from your dental school.They may have a central register,with up to date contacts and copiesof previous students' electivereports. Staff may be involved withoverseas research projects or havecontact with overseas dentalschools. Ask students who have beenon their electives for advice andrecommendations on places to goand hear about their experiencesfirst hand.


Host National Dental Associationscan provide useful and up-to-dateinformation. The FDI World DentalFederation has 152 National DentalAssociation members and 35International Dental Associationmembers - www.fdiworldental.org

The International Association ofDental Students (IADS) is anothersource of information when decidingon a destination. IADS representsaround 90,000 students worldwideand works in collaboration with theWorld Health Organisation - www.iads-web.org

You can also read about the electiveexperiences of dental students fromschools across the UK in theLaunchpad area of the BDA website,www.bda.org. As well as viewinghighlights from the latest edition,you can also search through thearchives to find articles about electivedestinations from previous editions.

Exchange programmes

Socrates - Erasmus -www.erasmus.ac.uk

"European Community ActionScheme for the Mobility of UniversityStudents" is the EuropeanCommission's educationalprogramme for Higher Educationstudents, teachers and institutions. It

Risk Assessment Checklist for Foreign Travel Reproduced courtesy of Bristol Dental School

· Relevant travel advice from the Foreign Office.

· Valid passport which complies with entry criteria.

· Visas and other documentation for travel.

· Medical advice e.g. from Student Health Serviceand Department of Health, on vaccinations,immunisations, first aid etc.

· Advice on appropriate items for first aid kits isavailable from the Student Health Service andGeneral Practitioners. Some chemists andspecialist travel shops sell kits for tropicalcountries.

· Climatic extremes, cultural and local informationas appropriate.

· Contact with animals (wild or domestic) -allergies, asthma, bites, rabies etc.

· Contact with insects - bites/stings, yellow fever,malaria, Lymes disease.

· Contact with reptiles - snakes/scorpions.Availability of antidotes/medical backup.

· Contaminated drinking water - purificationtablets.

· Electricity - compatibility of equipment andsupply etc.

· Emergencies (include fire) - arrangements andprocedures, first aid provision, help numbers etc.

· Legal differences - local codes/guidance (localstandards, local statute).

· Natural phenomena - avalanche, earthquake,volcanoes etc.

· Transportation - competent drivers, hazardousterrain, maintenance of vehicles etc.

· Adequate insurance: medical emergency & travelexpenses, personal liability, premature return,rearrangement and replacement, baggage andpersonal effects, hijack or travel delay, additionalcover for partners, accident and illness.

· Copy of relevant insurance information, range ofcover, emergency numbers.

was introduced in 1987 with the aimof increasing student mobility withinthe European Community,subsequently the European EconomicArea countries, and now also theAssociated Countries of Central andEastern Europe, Cyprus and Malta.

Your university will need to sign anagreement to take part in Erasmusand also be willing to accept studentsfrom abroad, as it is a reciprocalarrangement. Placements last aminimum of three months but somedental schools will allow students toeffectively extend or substitute theirelective period, as long as certaincourse requirements are met.Language classes are also oftenoffered free of charge. Taking part inan Erasmus exchange can be a greatopportunity, but it is not suited toeveryone, please visit the website forfurther information.

Political climate - is it safe to go?

The choice of destinations is wide,however, the location should bechosen with your own personal safetyin mind. Most dental schools haveconditions and exclusions on certaincountries/regions (e.g. Sub-SaharanAfrica), so make sure you check theseearly on to avoid later disappointment.

The Foreign and CommonwealthOffice website has up to date




information on the current politicalclimates around the world and youshould check with them if you are atall unsure - www.fco.gov.uk/travel.

What are the risks involved?

Many dental schools now requirestudents to complete a formal riskassessment before travelling toensure that any risks have beenconsidered and dealt with orminimised. An example checklist isgiven on page 5.

Is it right for me?

Countries vary enormously in thedental treatment needs of thepopulation, facilities available andthe living and working conditionsthat students can expect.

· What kind of dental experienceam I looking for?

· What kind of organisation do Iwant to go to e.g. university,charity?

· What is the duration of myelective period?

· What are my financialconstraints?

· Are there any language barriers?

· What's the climate like?

It is also worth asking yourselfwhether you have the emotionaltemperament to deal with theconditions you are likely toexperience. If you are planning to goalone, you should also think aboutwhether you will be happy withyour own company for prolongedperiods of time. In some places, itwill be easy to meet and socialisewith other students or staff, but thisis not always the case and it's worthchecking out before you arrangeanything.

What next?

Contact your host

Once you have decided on apreferred topic and location(s), youobviously need to get in touch withyour potential host/supervisor to

see if it will be possible. It may bethat you are given a contact namefirst and then agree on a project, orapproach a number of potentialhosts with your project ideas to finda suitable match. Try not to be toofixed in your ideas. Unless you arevery lucky, it is likely to take sometime and you may have tocompromise slightly to find the best match.

Once you have managed to find aproject and host supervisor, you'llneed to get your dental school'sapproval. Many elective co-ordinatorsprefer students to keep them informedthroughout to avoid any problemswith approval later on in the process,so it's important you are aware of yourschool's regulations/procedure.

Most dental schools will require youto write some kind of protocol withdetails of your planned project,methods, location, supervision,ethical considerations etc. It's worthtaking time to complete thisproperly, as many elective awardsrequire a protocol for entry, and itcan simply be tailored to meet theaward requirements.

What are the immigration/visaregulations?

Once you have decided on a location,you should check any visa or workpermit requirements with thecountry's embassy well in advance.Visa applications can take months, somake sure you leave enough time.

Embassy World is a directory andsearch engine of the world's embassiesand consulates and is well worthconsulting - www.embassyworld.com

Remember, some countries alsorequire you to have a minimumamount of time left on yourpassport before it expires. TheUnited Kingdom Passport Officewebsite contains a lot of usefulinformation - www.ukpa.gov.uk.

Where can I get help withfunding?

Paying for an elective can be difficulton a dental student's budget. Youneed to think about the cost offlights/travel, accommodation andfood, visa, travel insurance, tuitionfees (some universities will charge

7



elective students) and obviously,socialising, amongst others, sounless you are one of the lucky fewwith savings or parents willing tohelp out, you will need to consideralternative sources of funding. Thereare a number of options available.

Awards, Grants andScholarships

A number of associations andorganisations offer elective prizesand awards.

Many of them receive far fewerapplications than you expect, becausemost people assume there's a lot ofwork involved or they have no chanceof winning. Most awards simply askfor details of the proposed project(your protocol) and projected costs,although a few may require moredetailed information. So, it's worthpreparing a standard protocol andbudget that can be tailored to meet therequirements of individual awards.It's also important that you checkwhether funds (typically between £250

and £1000) are awarded before or afteryou return from your elective, so youcan budget accordingly.

Below are a number of societies andtrusts, who offer elective awards. Wewould advise that you visit theirwebsites for further information oneach award, application proceduresand closing dates. Please note thatwhere the societies' / trusts' homepage is listed it is advisable to searchfor details under their grants orawards sections.

Society / Trust Name of Award / Website / Contact detailsPrize

British Endodontic Society British Endodontic Prize www.britishendodonticsociety.org/awards.htm#elective

British Medical & Elective Award T: 0141 221 5858Dental Students Trust (BMDST)

British Orthodontic Laurence Usiskin www.bos.org.uk/bos/prizes.htmlSociety Student Elective Prize

British Society for British Society for Disability www.bdsh.org.uk/home/prize.htmDisability and Oral Health and Oral Health Prize

The British Society The British Society for www.b-s-h.org.ukfor Haematology Haematology Student

Scholarship

British Society for Frank Ashley Undergraduate www.bsperio.orgPeriodontology Prize

Dental Defence Union Elective Competition www.the-ddu.com

Dental Protection Elective Protocol Prize www.dentalprotection.org

Dental Protection The Premier Initiative www.dentalprotection.org

Emmanuel Healthcare EMMS International Student Elective Bursaries www.emms.org

Pathological Society Pathological Society of Great www.pathsoc.org.ukof Great Britain Britain Bursaries

Winston Churchill Travelling Fellowships www.wcmt.org.ukMemorial Trust



Medical Cover

The BDA strongly recommends thatyou take out comprehensive travelinsurance wherever you go in theworld. We also recommend that youcheck your policy will cover you forall the activities that you areplanning to do whilst away,including 'dangerous sports' e.g.sailing, rock climbing, white waterrafting or scuba diving.

A word of warning from theDepartment of Health:

'Take advice from your doctor andtravel agent; and obtain informationfrom the Tourist Office, Embassy orHigh Commission of your destinationcountry to ensure that before you setout from the United Kingdom, youfully understand what obtainingemergency medical treatment in thatcountry might involve.

You can rarely expect to be treated insuch a straightforward manner asunder the National Health Service.You may find yourself dealing withtotally unfamiliar official systemsthat can involve a great deal of timeand effort on your part.

Above all, in most countries aroundthe world you will have to pay - oftenlarge amounts - for what may seem tobe relatively minor treatment.'

Elective Travel Insurance

BDA Plus, the BDA's insurance andfinancial service provider canarrange elective travel insurance atcompetitive rates. For a free quote,call BDA Plus on T: 0845 130 1366or visit: www.bda.org/bdaplus.

Electives inside the EU

We would strongly recommend thatyou apply for a European HealthInsurance Card (EHIC), whichentitles you to reduced-cost,sometimes free, medical treatmentthat becomes necessary while you'rein a European Economic Area(EEA) country or Switzerland.

The EEA consists of the EuropeanUnion (EU) countries plus Iceland,Liechtenstein and Norway.Switzerland applies the EHIC

British Medical and DentalStudents' Trust (BMDST)

The BDA contributes to theBMDST, a trust set up to help fundoverseas electives for medical anddental students around the UK.

Applications are judged twice a year,with closing dates in January and July.For more information, please contactthe BMDST on 0141-221-5858.

Bank Loans

While we would never advisestudents to increase their levels ofdebt by taking out a bank loan, werealise that it is often the onlyoption if you definitely want to goahead with a trip that is outsideyour normal budget. Most highstreet banks will offer loans at acompetitive interest rate, usually tobe paid back at a fixed rate aftergraduation. It is worth shoppingaround for the best deal, terms andconditions and interest rate.

Sponsorship/Donations

You may be able to get sponsorship,in the form of products, or adonation from commercialcompanies and dental equipmentmanufacturers, particularly if yourelective is relevant to their businessactivities. It's easy to draft a letterthat can be sent out to a number ofcompanies, but it's worth notingthat these companies may beinundated with requests and have apolicy against meeting individualsponsorship requests.

A large number of companies thatsupply dental products/services aremembers of the British DentalTrade Association -www.bdta.org.uk. A list of all oftheir members is available online. Ifyou are successful in obtaining freesamples/products, or are asked tobring any supplies with you, makesure you check the laws andregulations regarding import andexport of goods with the customsauthorities. HM Customs & Excisestrongly recommend that youcontact the individual country'sembassy in the UK. A list can befound on the Embassy Worldwebsite - www.embassyworld.com.

Medical advice

It is vital that you considerimmunisation requirements beforeembarking on your overseas elective.Most universities have a travel clinicor details of the nearest one, so makesure that you arrange an appointmentwith them, or your GP (giving plentyof time prior to your departure).

Certain countries ask for proof ofimmunity to some infectiousdiseases, such as Yellow Fever or TB.Up to date information on infectiousdisease prevalence andrecommended vaccinations, can alsobe found on the following websites:

World Health Organisation -www.who.int

Department of Health -www.doh.gov.uk/traveladvice

Medical Advisory Service forTravellers Abroad - www.masta.org



9

arrangements through an agreementwith the EU. The EHIC is valid in:

The EHIC is free and you can applyfor it online, please visitwww.dh.gov.uk for moreinformation about the card and howto apply for it.

What does the EHIC cover?

The EHIC is normally valid forthree to five years and covers anymedical treatment that becomesnecessary during your trip, becauseof either illness or an accident. Thecard gives access to state-providedmedical treatment only, and you'llbe treated on the same basis as an'insured' person living in thecountry you're visiting. Remember,this might not cover all the thingsyou'd expect to get free of chargefrom the NHS in the UK. You mayhave to make a contribution to thecost of your care. We would adviseyou to take out comprehensivetravel insurance for visits to allcountries, regardless of whether youare covered by your EHIC.

Electives outside the EU

Countries that do have ReciprocalHealth Care Agreements can befound on the Department of HealthWebsite - Health Advice forTravellers. It is worth taking note ofthe documents you will need to

receive medical treatment. Visit:www.dh.gov.uk

Countries that do not haveReciprocal Health Care Agreementsinclude - Switzerland, Turkey,Cyprus, Canada, U.S, Mexico, mostof the islands in the Caribbean, allof the South American nations,every country in the Middle Eastand Africa, all of Asia (includingIndia), Thailand, Japan and HongKong and certain republics of theformer Soviet Union, and the wholeof the pacific region, exceptAustralia and New Zealand.

Indemnity cover

Indemnity cover will provideadvice, legal assistance and financialcover in cases of complaints orclaims of professional negligence.

It is not the same as travel insurance,which covers lost baggage andvaluables, medical expenses etc. Speakto your defence organisation aboutprofessional indemnity cover and getadvice about which aspects of practiceare or are not covered, and in whichcountries, and who to contact foradvice whilst abroad. Membership asa student is free, so there is no reasonnot to join. There are three defenceorganisations in the UK:

Dental Defence Union -www.the-ddu.com

Dental Protection Ltd. -www.dentalprotection.org

Medical and Dental Defence Unionof Scotland - www.mddus.com

If your elective involves thepromotion of oral health it is worththinking about obtaining someteaching aids to overcome possiblelanguage barriers.

There are a number of titles availablefrom a non-profit organisationcalled TALC (Teaching Aids At LowCost - www.talcuk.org).

· The Market Dentist & OtherStories - Illustrated Children'sBook

· Where There is No Dentist -Practical information and tips

Just before you go

Make sure your host is still expectingyou. Students have arrived at theirdestination only to find that theirhost has left, gone on holiday, orsimply isn't expecting them and hasnothing arranged. If that doeshappen, contact your dental school.They are relying on you to actresponsibly and keep them informedand it's unlikely to mean that you'llhave a holiday instead!

Personal safety

Tell someone exactly where you aregoing and when you expect toreturn to the UK and make sure youcan be contacted whilst overseas.

· Mobile Phones - Most handsetsare dual or tri-band and havethe capabilities to be usedoverseas. Contact your serviceprovider for more information.

· Email - Set up a mobile emailaccount with a reputableprovider. A lot are free of chargeand there are a large number oforganisations currently offeringaccounts. Examples includeYahoo! Mail and Hotmail.

· Ask your hosts for any practicalinformation about yourdestination. E.g. are there anycash-points near to myaccommodation/work-place?

Accommodation

· Be wary of gas heaters in yourhotel, hostel or lodgings. Faultygas heaters can emit carbonmonoxide, which has no smelland is deadly poisonous ifinhaled. Carbon Monoxidedetector patches and alarms canbe purchased at a small cost fromDIY stores.

Hiring a car

· If you are going to hire a car youshould check that it has beenregularly serviced and that youare hiring from a reputable

Austria

Belgium

Cyprus (butnot NorthernCyprus)

CzechRepublic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Latvia

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Everything is organised, nothingcan possibly go wrong, or can it?Things to think about:



organisation.You should also takeout further insurance andcomprehensive breakdown cover.

· Once you have hired a car youshould regularly check the tyrepressure and oil regularly. Makesure you are parking the car in asafe place and do not leave anyvaluables in the car.

· You should consider locking thedoors and windows when instop/go traffic and never pick uphitchhikers. Park in public orlight places as near to yourdestination as possible.

· Any routes should be planned inadvance and by way of cautionyou should plan alternatives justin case. You should checkwhether the route is safe and tellpeople when you expect toarrive at your destination.

Taking public transport/taxis

Taxis

· If possible book your taxi inadvance by telephone and ask forthe driver's name. Do not getinto a taxi you have not asked for.

· If you cannot hail a licensed cab,carry the telephone number of areputable taxi company. It isworth getting recommendationsfrom your hosts.

Trains

· Wait for your train in a well-litpublic area.

· Avoid compartments that haveno access to corridors or that areempty.

· If you feel threatened or there isan incident act immediately.

· Valuable items should be kept toa minimum, however if they areessential it is important that youput them in a safe place.

Lost Baggage

Keep money, insurance details,cameras and keys in your handluggage in case of lost baggage.

If your baggage does go missing, gostraight to the airline you havetravelled with and fill out a PropertyIrregularity Report. Most insurancecompanies use this as proof of lossand it is important to hold on tothis. Check with your insurancecompany to see if there is anythingelse they need in order for you tomake a claim and what essentialsyou are entitled to buy under thepolicy.

One of the UK's biggest airlinessuggests the following:

· Take out comprehensive travelinsurance. If you do not, theairline's insurance company willonly compensate you by weightrather than value.

· Take a mental picture or even aphotograph of your baggage andgive this description to theperson who gives you theProperty Irregularity Report tofill out. If your baggage is foundit will be returned to you a lotquicker if you can describe it.

· Individuals should not writetheir address on baggage, but itis well worth writing yourname/dental school or attachingsomething noticeable, forexample, try tying a piece ofcoloured ribbon or string to thehandle. Travellers do not realisethe amount of similar baggagethat gets held up at airports.Something this simple can meanyour baggage gets returned a lotquicker.

Jet Lag

The symptoms of jet lag declineafter a few days as your body clocksynchronises with the new timeclock. You can speed this up by:

· Resting in a quiet darkenedroom when it is time for bed,even if you do not feel tired.

· Starting the day with gentleexercise even if you feel tired.

· Avoiding taking naps.

· Eating meals at correct localtimes.

11

International dialing codes and time zonesDialling codesFirst dial your International Access Code (e.g. 00 in Europe, 011 in the USA) then the country code for the country you require.

Time zonesDaylight saving may affect some time zones and differences may differ slightly from the list below. Remember that working

weeks and times will vary around the world as will religious festivals and other public holidays.

Country

Hours difference from GMT /Universal

Standard Time

Int. Code

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Anguilla

Antarctic Aus Territory

Antigua and Barbuda

Antilles

Argentina

Armenia

Aruba

Ascension Island

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Azores

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Belize

Belize

Bermuda

Bhutan

Bolivia

+4 1/2

+1

+1

+1

+1

-4

+4 1/2 +10

-4

-4

-3

+4

-4

0

+8 +10

+1

+1

-1

-5

+3

+6

-4

+2

+1

-6

+1

-4

+6

-4

93

355

213

376

244

1 809

672

1 809

599

54

374

297

247

61

43

994

351

1809

973

890

809

375

32

501

229

1 809

975

591

Country


Standard Time

Int. Code

Bosnia

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei Darussalam

Bulgaria

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Cape Verde Islands

Cayman Islands

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China

Christmas Island

Cocos Island

Columbia

Comoros

Congo

Cook Islands

Costa Rica

Cote d'Ivorie

Croatia

Cuba

Cyprus

Czech Republic

+1

+2

-3

+8

+2

0

+2

+7

+1

-3 1/2 - 8

-1

-5

+1

1

-4

+8

+7

+6 1/2

-5

+3

+1

+10 1/2

-6

0

+1

-5

+2

+1

387

267

55

673

359

226

257

855

237

1

238

1 809

236

235

56

86

672

672

57

269

242

682

506

225

385

53

357

42




Country


Standard Time

Int. Code

Denmark

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Equatorial Guinea

Eritrea

Estonia

Ethiopia

Falkland Islands

Faroe Islands

Fiji

Finland

France

French Guyana

French Polynesia

Gabon

Gambia

Georgia

Germany

Ghana

Gibraltar

Greece

Greenland

Grenada

Guadeloupe

Guam

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea - Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hong Kong

Hungary

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

+1

+3

-4

-4

-5

+2

-6

+1

+3

+2

+3

-4

0

+12

+2

+1

-3

+10

+1

0

+4

+1

0

+1

+2

-3

-4

-4

-10

-6

0

0

-3

-5

-6

+8

+1

0

+5 1/2

+7 +8

+3 1/2

+3

45

253

1 809

1 809

593

20

503

240

291

372

251

500

298

679

358

33

594

689

241

220

7 & 995

49

233

350

30

299

1 809

590

671

502

224

245

592

509

504

852

36

354

91

62

98

964

Country


Standard Time

Int. Code

Ireland Republic of

Israel

Italy

Ivory Coast see Coted'Ivorie

Jamaica

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kirghizstan

Kiribati

Korea (North)

Korea (South)

Kuwait

Laos

Latvia

Lebanon

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Macao

Macedonia

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

Mali

Malta

Marshall Islands

Martinique

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mayotte

Mexico

Micronesia

Moldavia

Monaco

Mongolia

0

+2

+1

0

-5

+9

+2

+5 +6

+3

+3

+12

+9

+9

+3

+7

+2

+2

+2

0

+1

+1

+2

+1

+8

+1

+3

+2

+8

+5

0

+1

+12

-4

0

+4

+3

-6

- 8

+11

+2

+1

+8

353

972

39

225

1 809

81

962

7

254

7

686

850

82

965

856

371

961

266

231

218

423

370

352

853

389

261

265

60

960

223

356

692

596

222

230

269

52

691

373

33 93

976

1 809


13

Country


Standard Time

Int. Code

Montserrat

Morocco

Mozambique

Myanmar (Burma)

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands (Holland)

Netherlands Antilles

New Caledonia

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

Norway

Oman

Pakistan

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Pitcairn Island

Poland

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Romania

Russia

Rwanda

St Helena

St Kitts and Nevis

Samoa (USA)

Samoa Western

San Marino

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Slovakia

Slovenia

Solomon Islands

-4

0

+2

+6 1/2

+2

-12

+5 3/4

+1

-4

+11

6

+1

+1

+1

+4

+5

-5

+10

-4

-5

+8

-8 1/2

+1

+1

-4

+3

+2

+2 1/2 +10

+2

0

-4

-11

-11

+1

+3

0

+4

0

+8

+1

+1

-11

212

258

95

264

674

977

31

599

687

505

227

234

47

968

92

507

675

595

51

63

649

48

361

1 809

974

40

7

250

290

1 809

685

685

378

966

221

248

232

65

42

386

677

252

Country


Standard Time

Int. Code

Somalia

South Africa

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Surinam

Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Taiwan

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Togo

Tonga

Trinidad & Tobago

Tunisia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Turks & Caicos

Tuvalu

Uganda

Ukraine

United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

Uruguay

USA

Uzbekistan

Vanuatu

Venezuela

Vietnam

Virgin Islands (UK)

Virgin Islands (US)

Yemen

Yugoslavia

Zaire

Zambia

Zimbabwe

+3

+2

+1

+5 1/2

+2

+3

+2

+1

+1

+2

+8

+5

+3

+7

0

-13

-4

+1

+2

+5

-5

-12

+3

+2

+4

0

-3

-5 -11

+5 +6

-11

-4

+7

-4

-4

+3

+1

+1

+2

+2

27

34

94

249

597

268

46

41

963

886

7

255

66

228

676

1 809

216

90

7

1 809

688

256

380

971

44

598

1

7

678

58

84

1 80949

1 809

967

381

243

260

263




Area specific weblinksAfrica - Africa Onlinewww.africaonline.com

Australia & New Zealand - TNTwww.tntmagazine.com

Asia - Asia Linkswww.gergo.com/webconnections/asia

Caribbean - Caribbean Onlinewww.caribbean-on-line.com

Central America - Search Beatwww.searchbeat.com/central.htm

Europe - Europe Linkswww.europelinks.ndo.co.uk/tourist.html

India - All India Tour Travel www.all-indiatour-travel.com

South America - Globaldirekt.comwww.globaltelecom.org/samerica.htm

Travellers'ExperiencesTravel Library www.travel-library.com

Virtual Tourist www.virtualtourist.com

Useful ContactsBritish Dental Association (BDA)64 Wimpole StreetLondonW1G 8YS

T: 0207 563 4563F: 0207 487 5232E: [email protected]

BDA Northern IrelandThe Mount2 Woodstock LinkBelfastBT6 8DD

T: 02890 735 856F: 02890 735 857

BDA ScotlandForsyth HouseLomond CourtCastle Business ParkStirlingFK9 4TU

T: 01786 433810F: 01786 431810

BDA Wales2 Caspian PointCardiff BayCardiffCF10 4DQ

T: 029 2049 6174F: 029 2049 6984

BDA Plus Finance & InsuranceServicesLloyd & Whyte LtdAffinity HouseBindon RoadTauntonSomersetTA2 6AA

T: 0845 130 1366E: [email protected]/bdaplus/

British Dental Trade Association(BDTA)Mineral LaneCheshamBucksHP5 1NL

T: 01494 782873F: 01494 786659E: [email protected]

British Medical and Dental Students'Trust (BMDST)C/o Medical and Dental Defence Union ofScotlandMackintosh House120 Blythswood StreetGlasgow G2 4EA

T: 0141 221 5858

Dental Defence Union (DDU)230 Blackfriars RdLondonSE1 8PJ

T: 0207 202 1500www.the-ddu.com

Dental Protection Ltd (DPL)33 Cavendish SquareLondonW1G 0PS

T: 0207 399 1400www.dentalprotection.org

Department of Health - Travel AdviceRichmond House79 WhitehallLondonSW1A 2NL

T: 0207 210 4850E: [email protected]

Embassy Worldwww.embassyworld.com

FDI World Dental Federation13 Chemin du LevantL'Avant CentreF-01210 Ferney-Voltaire

www.fdiworldental.org

Foreign and Commonwealth Office -Travel Advice UnitConsular DirectorateOld Admiralty BuildingLondon SW1A 2PA

T: 0870 6060290F: 020 7008 0155E: [email protected]/travel

International Association of DentalStudents (IADS)c/o FDI World Federation13 Chemin du LevantL'Avant CentreF-01210 Ferney-Voltairewww.iads-web.org

Medical Advisory Service forTravellers Abroad (MASTA)Moorfield RoadYeadonLeedsLS19 7BN

T: 0113 238 7575F: 0113 238 7501E: [email protected]


15

Medical and Dental Defence Union ofScotland (MDDUS)Mackintosh House120 Blythswood StreetGlasgow G2 4EA

T: 0141 221 5858F: 0141 228 1208www.mddus.com

Socrates-ErasmusUK Socrates-Erasmus CouncilRothfordGiles LaneCANTERBURYKent CT2 7LR

T: 01227 762712F: 01227 762711E: [email protected]

UK Passport ServiceT: 0870 521 0410W: www.ukpa.gov.uk

Weather websiteswww.bbc.uk/weatherwww.weather.com

World Health Organisation (WHO)20 Avenue AppiaCH-1211 Geneva 27

T: (41) 22 791 21 11F: (41) 22 791 31 11E: [email protected]

Although every care has been taken in compiling thisadvice sheet, and the contents are believed correctat time of print, the British Dental Association cannotaccept responsibility for errors, omissions, orchanges in details given.



British Dental Association ● 64 Wimpole Street ● London W1G 8YS ● Tel: 020 7563 4563 ● Fax: 020 7487 5232

● E-mail: [email protected] ● © BDA September 2006

advicesheet Electives S1 - British Dental Association · the Forensic Dentistry website - General...

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