Adverbs and prepositions

GRAMMAR - ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS - ADVERBS 001

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ADVERBS and PREPOSITIONS

ADVERBS are words or groups of words telling frequency, manner, place, or

time and primarily used as modifiers of VERBS, ADJECTIVES or other ADVERBS. 012

PREPOSITIONS are usually followed by objects in PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

that can also be used to show duration, frequency, manner, place, reason,

time, or to demonstrate CONTRAST. 013

Whilst many of the common English PREPOSITIONS have related ADVERBS, or

PREPOSITIONAL ADVERBS, there are other types of ADVERB which are often

derived from ADJECTIVES. 014

EXAMPLES

ADVERB: Emily is quite sad.

PREPOSITION: Emily is at home, but her keys are in the hall.

PREPOSITIONAL ADVERB: Emily is standing outside. She is waiting alone. Still

wet from the shower, Tracey threw her keys down to her. Emily could then get

in.

NOTICE: The use of "in" as PREPOSITION and PREPOSITIONAL ADVERB. 015

NOTICE: Do not use an ADVERB as the subject of a PREPOSITION 016

Correct Incorrect

I went somewhere else. I went to somewhere else.

I was still busy late last night. I was still busy at late last

night.

The ship is moored downstream. The ship is moored in

downstream.

John got home yesterday. John came to home on

yesterday.

His office was moved downtown. His office was moved to

downtown.


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NOTICE: When "Downtown" is used as a noun, the second example is correct.

Take care with words such as "home", "downtown", "today", "last night",

"next week" and so on, as they can be used as both ADVERBS and NOUNS. 017

ADVERB NOUN

She will return tomorrow. They say that tomorrow is

another day.

She went home alone last night. Where is her home?

You should go to see her next week. Next week is my vacation.

ADVERBS

ADVERB POSITIONS

Where an ADVERB modifies either an ADJECTIVE ["quite careless"] or another

ADVERB ["quite carelessly"], it appears immediately before the word it is

modifying. 018

Where an ADVERB modifies a VERB the positioning can be quite versatile, but

its positions within the sentence can change its meaning: 019

"Softly she whispered to the child." [Keeping her voice down so that she did

not disturb other people]

"She whispered softly to the child." [Keeping her voice down to soothe the

child or not to disturb it]

"She softly whispered to the child." [Describes the type of whisper she used]

ADVERB FUNCTIONS

Frequency: "frequently", "often", "rarely", "sometime".

Manner: "happily", "quickly", "slowly", "unwillingly".

Place: "anywhere", "everywhere", "here", "nowhere", "over there", "there".

Time: "today", "tomorrow", "yesterday", "the day after".


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FREQUENCY ADVERBS

The most common frequency adverbs in English are:

Always

Frequently

Usually

Often

Sometimes

Occasionally

Seldom

Rarely

Never

100% of the time

about 90% of the time







00% of the time

Note: The percentages here are rough estimates and should be used for

guidance only.

FREQUENCY ADVERBS can be placed at various points in the sentence, but are

most commonly used before the main VERBS and after "be" VERBS. 020

I always come to work on time.

They are seldom home when we call.

He's usually eating breakfast at this time.

She's never been to Dublin.

A: Do you come here often?

B: No. I'm here occasionally.

A: What do you usually do here?

B: Sometimes I just sit and ponder the meaning of life.

Note: The adverbs seldom, rarely, never and hardly ever are considered

negative.

A: Do you always carry a briefcase?

B: (Yes,) I usually do.

No, not usually.

No, I rarely do.

No, I hardly ever do.


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Other FREQUENCY ADVERBS and EXPRESSIONS are as follows:

Every day/week/month

Every other day/week

Once a week/month/year

Twice a year/day, etc.

(Every) once in a while

Every so often

These expressions are used at the beginning and end of sentences, not before

main VERBS. 021

Every once in a while I visit my grandmother in Minnesota.

I visit my grandmother in Minnesota every once in a while.

I every once in a while visit my grandmother in Minnesota. (Incorrect)

Regularly

Normally

Traditionally

(according to schedule)

(commonly nowadays)

(commonly in the past)

These words can come at various points in the sentence. 022

I regularly floss my teeth.

I floss my teeth regularly.

Traditionally, that was considered child's play.

I normally get up around 6 o'clock.

Normally, I get up around 6 o'clock.

ADVERBS OF MANNER (HOW?)[COMO?]

absolutely [’ӕbsəlu:tlı] absolutamente

almost [’ɔ:lməƱst] quase

alone [ə’ləƱn] só

barely [beə’lı] quase não

carefully [’keəflı] cuidadosamente

fast [fɑ:st] jejeur

hard [hɑ:d] muito, intensamente

hardly [’hɑ:dlı] mal, dificilmente, a custo

mostly [məƱstlı] sobretudo


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pretty [’prıtı] bastante

quickly [kwıklı] rapidamente, depressa

quite [kwɑıt] completamente, absolutamente; bastante

really [’rıəlı] realmente, na verdade

slowly [sləƱlı] devagar, lentamente, vagarosamente

together [tə’ge∂ə] junto, juntamente, juntos

very [’verı] muito

well [wel] bem

ADVERBS OF PLACE (WHERE?) [ONDE?]

(Note: Do not use these with "to.")

(Nota: Não use estas com "to")

anywhere [’enıweə] em qualquer parte; em parte [alguma/nehuma

away [ə’weı] longe; para longe; fora; sem para; completamente

back* [bӕk] atrás, para trás; de volta

downtown* [’dɑƱntɑƱn] o centro da cidade

everywhere [’evrıweə] em tudo lugar, em toda parte; a todo lugar, a toda

parte

here [hıə] aqui

home* [hƱəm] em casa

nowhere [nəƱweə] em lugar nenhum, em lado nehum; a lado nenhum, a parte

nenhum

out [ɑƱt] fora; apagado; aberto, desabrochado, em flor; baixo

over there [’əƱvə ∂eə] lá, acolá

there [∂eə] aí, ali, lá

*These are also used as nouns and sometimes adjectives.

*Estes também são usados como substantivos e adjetivos, às vezes.

http://www.eslgold.com/images/over%20there.wma


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ADVERBS OF TIME (WHEN?) [QUANDO?]

already [ɔ:l’redı] já

immediately [ımı:dıətlı] imediamente

last night [lɑ:st nɑıt] a noite passada, ontem à noite

lately [’leıtlı] nos últimos tempos, ultimamente

later [leıtə] tarde

next week [nekst wı:k] a próxima semana

now [nɑƱ] agora

recently [rısntlı] recentemente

right now [rɑıt nɑƱ] agora mesmo

soon [su:n] em breve, dentro em pouco, daqui a pouco; cedo

still [stıl] ainda; apesar disso, apesar de tudo

then [∂en] então, nessa altura; depois, em seguida; nessa caso, portanto, por

conseguinte

this morning [∂ıs ’mɔ:nıŋ] esta manhã

today [tə’deı] hoje

tomorrow [tə’mɒrəƱ] amanhã

tonight [tənɑıt] hoje à noite, logo ànoite, esta noite

yesterday [’jestədeı] ontem

yet [jet] ainda

. . . ago [ə’gəƱ] há

ADVERB FORMS

Many ADVERBS, particularly MANNER ADVERBS, can be formed by adding "-

ly" to an adjective ["dependably", "easily", "happily", "quickly", "slowly",

"willingly"], however, not every word that ends "-ly" is an ADVERB [ to be

"friendly", to be "neighbourly"] and there are many common ADVERBS which

do not end "-ly" ["almost", "just", "still", "not"]. 023

http://www.eslgold.com/images/tomorrow.wma

http://www.eslgold.com/images/recently.wma

http://www.eslgold.com/images/soon.wma


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ADVERBS versus ADJECTIVES

Sometimes a word can be both and ADVERB and an ADJECTIVE. To tell the

difference in use, it is important to considered the context and function of the

word within the sentence. 024

"The fast train to Cardiff leaves Paddington at three o'clock."

Here, "fast" is an ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE, modifying the noun "train", which

follows it in the sentence structure.

"The train took the curve too fast."

Here, "too fast" is an ADVERB which modifies the VERB "to take".

"The bed was hard and the Princess got no sleep at all."

Here, "hard" is a PREDICTIVE ADJECTIVE following the VERB "to be" but still

modifying a NOUN, in this case "the bed".

"Tripping over his feet, Oscar fell, hitting the ground hard."

Here the ADVERB "hard" modifies the VERB "to hit".

The COMPARATIVE INFLECTION "-er" and SUPERLATIVE INFLECTION "-est"

combine with both ADVERBS and ADJECTIVES, although to a lesser degree. To

make the COMPARATIVE FORM of "-ly" adverbs add "more" before the word

and not "-er" to the end. Because it is comparatively unusual, the

SUPERLATIVE FORM which adds "most" before the word and retains the "-ly"

ending, becomes the focus or stress of the sentence and draws attention to

the emphasis. 025

"I was most favourably impressed by your appearance."

Below is a list of ADVERBS and you can use them to create these forms.


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ADVERB LIST A

aboard [ə’bɔ:d] a bordo

abnormally [ӕb’nɔ:mlı] exceptionalmente

about [ə’bɑƱt] aproximadamente, cerca de; aqui e ali

abroad [ə’brɔ:d] no estrangeiro

absentmindedly [’ӕbsənt mɑındıdlı] distraidamente

absolutely [’ӕbsəlu:tlı] absolutamente

abundantly [ə’bʌndəntlı] abundantemente

accidentally [’ӕksı’dəntəlı] acidentalmente

accordingly [ə’kɔ:dıŋglı] por conseguinte, por consequência

actively [’ӕktıvlı] ativamente

actually [’ӕkʧƱəlı] na realidade

acutely [ə’kju:tlı] vivamente

admiringly [əd’mɑıərıŋglı] admiradoramente

affectionately [ə’fekʃənətlı] afetuosamente, carinhosamente

affirmatively [ə’fɜ:mətıvlı] afirmativamente

after [ɑ:ftə] depois

afterwards [ɑ:ftəwədz] depois, mais tarde

agreeably [ə’grı:əblı] agradavelmente

almost [’ɔ:lməƱst] quase

already [ɔ:lredı] já

always [’ɔ:lweız] sempre

amazingly [ə’meızıŋglı] espantosamente

angrily [’ӕŋgrılı] iradamente, furiosamente

annoyingly [ə’nɔıŋglı] irritantemente

annually [’ӕnjƱəlı] anualmente

anxiously [’ӕŋkʃəslı] ansiosamente

anyhow [’ənıhɑƱ] de qualquer modo; de qualquer maneira, ao acaso; em

todo o caso

anyplace [’ənıpleıs] em qualquer lugar anyway [’ənıweı] de qualquer modo

anywhere [’ənıweə] em qualquer lugar


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appreciably [ə’prı:ʃəblı] apreciavelmente

appropriately [ə’prəƱprıeıtlı] apropriadamente

around [ə’rɑƱnd] em redor, em volta; por aí

arrogantly [’ӕrəgəntlı] arrogantemente

aside [ə’sɑıd] de lado, de parte

assuredly [ə’ʃƱərədlı] seguramente, certamente, sem dúvida

astonishingly [ə’stɒnıʃıŋglı] espantosamente, surpreendentemente

astoundingly [ə’stɑƱndıŋglı] espantosamente; assustadoramente

away [ə’weı] longe; para longe; fora; sem parar

awfully [’ɔ:flı] terrivelmente

awkwardly [’ɔ:kwədlı] desajeitadamente

B

badly [bӕdlı] mal; gravemente

barely [’beəlı] apenas, mal

bashfully [’bӕʃflı] timidamente

beautifully [’bju:tıflı] belamente, lindamente

before [bı’f ɔ:] antes

begrudgingly [bı’grʌʤıŋglı] contragosto

believably [bı’lıvəblı] convincentemente, crível

bewilderedly [bı’wıldədlı] confusamente

bewilderingly [bı’wıldərıŋglı] desconcertantemente

bitterly [’bıtəlı] amargamente

bleakly [blı:klı] desertamente

blindly [blɑındlı] às cegas

blissfully [blıs’fəlı] alegremente

boastfully [bəƱst’fəlı] vaidosamente

boldly [bəƱldlı] audaciosamente, corajosamente

boyishly [bɔı’ıʃlı] como menino

bravely [breıvlı] bravamente, corajosamente

briefly [brı:flı] brevemente

brightly [brɑıtlı] brilhantemente

brilliantly [’brılıəntlı] brilhantemente

briskly [brısklı] vivamente

brutally [’bru:tlı] brutalmente

busily [’bızılı] ativamente, atarefadamente


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C

calmly [kɑ:mlı] calmamente

candidly [’kӕndıdlı] candidamente

carefully [’keəflı] (or[’keəfəlı]) cuidadosamente

carelessly [’keəlıslı] descuidadamente

casually [’kӕӡəƱlı] casualmente

cautiously [’kɔ:ʃəslı] cautelosamente

certainly [’sə:tnlı] certamente, com certeza

charmingly [ʧɑ:mıŋglı] encantadoramente

cheerfully [ʧıə’fəlı] alegremente

chiefly [ʧı:flı] principalmente

childishly [ʧɑıdıʃflı] infantilmente

cleanly [klı:nlı] limpamente

clearly [klıəlı] claramente

cleverly [’klevəlı] inteligentemente

closely [kleƱslı] de perto

cloudily [klɑƱdılı] como uma nuvem

clumsily [’klʌmsəlı] desajeitadamente

coaxingly [kəƱksıŋglı] persuasivamente

coincidentally [kəƱ’ınsıdentəlı] coincidentemente

coldly [kəƱldlı] friamente

colourfully [’kʌləf] de forma colorida

commonly [’kɒmənlı] frequentemente, geralmente

comfortably [’kʌmfətəblı] confortavelmente

compactly [kəm’pӕktlı] compactamente

compassionately [kəm’pӕʃnətlı] compassivamente

completely [kəm’plı:tlı] completamente

confusedly [kən’fju:sədlı] confusamente

consequently [’kɒnsıkwəntlı] conseqüentemente

considerably [kən’sıdərəblı] consideravelmente

considerately [kən’sıdərətlı] atentamente

consistently [kən’sıstəntlı] consistentemente

constantly [’kɒnstəntlı] constantemente

continually [kən’tınjƱəlı] continuamente

continuously [kən’tınjƱəslı] continuamente


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coolly [’ku:llı] calmamente

correctly [kə’rek] corretamente

courageously [kə’reıʤəslı] corajosamente

covertly [kəƱ’vɜ:tlı] cobertamente, dissimuladamente

crazily [’kreızılı] loucamente

crossly [krɒslı] iradamente

crudely [kru:dlı] cruamente; grosseiramente

cruelly [krƱəlı] cruelmente

cunningly [’kʌnıŋglı] astuciosamente

curiously [’kjƱərıəslı] curiosamente

currently [’kʌrəntlı] atualmente

D

daily [’deılı] diariamente, todos os dias

daintily [’deıntılı] delicadamente

dangerously [’deınʤərəslı] perigosamente

daringly [’deərıŋglı] atrevidamente

darkly [’dɑ:klı] sombriamente

dastardly [’dɑ:stədlı] malvadamente

dearly [dıəlı] muito; caro

decently [’dı:snt] decentemente

deeply [dı:plı] profundamente

defiantly [dı’fɑıəntlı] desafiadoramente

deftly [deftlı] destramente, habilmente

deliberately [dı’lıbərətlı] deliberadamente

delicately [’delıkətlı] delicadamente

delightfully [dı’lɑıtfəlı] deliciosamente; belamente

densely [denslı] densamente

diagonally [dɑıӕgənlı] diagonalmente

differently [’dıfrəntlı] diferentemente

diligently [’dılıʤəntlı] diligentemente

dimly [dımlı] fracamente; vagamente

directly [dı’rektlı] diretamente; imediatamente, logo

discordantly [’dıskɔ:dəntlı] discordantemente

divisively [dı’vɑısıvlı] divisoramente

docilely [dəƱsɑılı] docilmente


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dopily [dəƱpılı] estupidamente

doubtfully [dɑƱtfəlı] duvidosamente

down [dɑƱn] abaixo, para baixo; em baixo

dramatically [drə’mӕtık] dramaticamente

dreamily [drı:mılı] sonhadoramente

E

eagerly [’ı:gəlı] ansiosamente

early [’ɜ:lı] cedo

earnestly [’ɜ:nıstlı] sinceramente

easily [’ı:zılı] facilmente

efficiently [ı’fıʃntlı] eficientemente

effortlessly [’efətləslı] facilmente, sem esforço

elaborately [ı’lӕbərətlı] elaboradamente

elegantly [’elıgəntlı] elegantemente

eloquently [’eləkwəntlı] eloquentemente

elsewhere [elsweə] noutro lado

emotionally [ı’məƱʃnlı] emocionalmente

endlessly [’endlıslı] interminavelmente

enduringly [ın’djƱərıŋlı] duravelmente

energetically [enə’etıklı] energicamente

enjoyably [ın’ʤɔıəblı] agradavelmente

enormously [ı’nɔ:məslı] enormemente

enough [ı’nʌf] bastante, suficiente

enthusiastically [ın’Өju:zıӕstıklı] entusiasticamente

entirely [ın’tɑıəlı] inteiramente

equally [’ıkwəlı] igualmente

especially [ı’speʃlı] especialmente

essentially [ı’senʃlı] essencialmente

eternally [ı’tɜ:nlı] eternamente

ethically [’eӨıklı] eticamente

even [’ı:vn] mesmo

evenly [’ı:vnlı] uniformemente

eventually [ı’venʧƱəlı] por fim; eventualmente

ever [’evə] jamais


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everywhere [’evrıweə] em todo lugar, em toda parte; a todo lugar, a todo

parte

evidently [’evıdəntlı] evidentemente

evocatively [ı’vɒkətıvlı] evocativamente

exactly [ıg’zӕktlı] exatamente

exceedingly [ık’sı:dıŋlı] extremamente, extraordinariamente

exceptionally [ık’sepʃənlı] excepcionalmente

excitedly [ık’sɑıtədlı] excitadamente, animadamente

exclusively [ıklu:sıvlı] exclusivamente

explicitly [ık’splısıtlı] explicitamente

expressly [ık’spreslı] expressamente

extensively [ık’stensıvlı] extensivamente

externally [ık’stɜ:nlı] exteriormente

extra [’ekstrə] extra, excepcionalmente

extraordinarily [’ekstrɔ:’dınӕrılı] extraordinariamente

extremely [ık’strı:mlı] extremamente

F

fairly [feəlı] razoavelmente

faithfully [’feıӨflı] atenciosamente

famously [’feıməslı] famosamente

far [fɑ:] longe

fashionably [’fӕʃnəblı] elegantemente, à moda

fast [fɑ:st] depressa; firmemente

fatally [’feıtlı] fatalmente, mortalmente

favourably [’feıvərəblı] favoravelmente

ferociously [ə’rəƱʃəslı] ferozmente

fervently [’fɜ:vəntlı] fervorosamente

fiercely [fıəslı] ferozmente

finally [’fɑınəlı] finalmente

financially [fɑınӕnʃlı] financeiramente

finitely [’fɑınɑıtlı] finitamente

fluently [’flu:əntlı] fluentemente

fondly [fɒndlı] afetuosamente

foolishly [’fu:lıʃlı] tolamente

forever [fə’revə] constantemente, para sempre


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formally [’fɔ:mlı] formalmente

formerly [’fɔ:məlı] antigamente

fortunately [’fɔ:ʧənətlı] afortunadamente

forwards [’fɔ:wədz] para a frente, para diante

frankly [frӕŋklı] francamente

frantically [’ frӕntıklı] freneticamente

freely [frı:lı] livremente

frequently [’ frı:kwəntlı] freqüentemente

frenetically [frənətıklı] freneticamente

fully [fƱlı] totalmente

furiously [’ fjƱərıəslı] furiosamente

furthermore [fɜ:∂ə’mɔ:] além disso

G

generally [’ʤenrəlı] geralmente

generously [’ʤenərəslı] generosamente

genially [’ʤı:nıəlı] cordialmente, jovialmente

gently [’ʤentlı] suavemente

genuinely [’ʤenjƱınlı] genuinamente

girlishly [gɜ:lıʃlı] como menina

gladly [glӕdlı] alegremente, com prazer, com boa vontade

gleefully [glı:fəlı] alegremente

gracefully [greısfəlı] graciosamente

graciously [’ greıʃəslı] graciosamente, de forma generosa

gradually [’ grӕʤƱəlı] gradualmente

gratefully [’ greıtfəlı] agradecidamente, gratamente

greatly [greıtlı] grandemente

greedily [grı:dılı] avidamente

grimly [grımlı] sombriamente, severamente

grudgingly [grʌʤıŋlı] reluantemente, contragosto

H

habitually [həbıtʃƱəlı] habitualmente

half-heartedly [hɑ:f ’hɑ:tədlı] indiferentemente, sem entusiasmo

handily [’hӕndılı] acessìvel, com folga

handsomely [’hӕnsəmlı] generosamente


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haphazardly [’hӕp’hӕzəd] atropeladamente

happily [’hӕpılı] com satisfação

hardly [’hɑ:dlı] mal, dificilmente, a custo

harmoniously [’hɑ:məƱnıəslı] harmoniosamente

harshly [hɑ:ʃlı] asperamente

hastily [’heıstılı] apressadamente

hatefully [heıtfəlı] odiosamente

hauntingly [hɔ:ntıŋlı] assombrosamente

healthily [helӨılı] saudavelmente

heartily [hɑ:tılı] vivamente

heavily [’hevılı] pesadamente; desalmadamente

helpfully [helpfəlı] prestativamente

hence [hens] a partir desta altura; daí, por isso

highly [’hɑılı] altamente, extremamente

hitherto [hı∂ə’tu:] até agora, até à data

honestly [’ɒnıstlı] honestamente

hopelessly [həƱpləslı] desesperadamente, irremediavelmente

horizontally [hɒrı’zɒntlı] horizontalmente

hourly [’ɑƱəlı] de hora em hora

how [hɑƱ] como

however [hɑƱ’evə] de qualquer maneira

hugely [hju:ʤlı] enormemente

humorously [’hju:mərəslı] humoristicamente

hungrily [’hʌŋgrılı] com fome, avidamente

hurriedly [’hʌrıdlı] apressadamente, às pressas

hysterically [hı’sterıklı] histericamente

I

icily [ɑısılı] friamente

identifiably [ɑı’dentıfɑıəblı] identificavelmente

idiotically [’ıdıɒtıklı] idiotamente

imaginatively [ı’mӕʤınətıvlı] imaginativamente

immeasurably [ı’meӡərəblı] incomensuravelmente

immediately [ı’mı:dıətlı] imediatamente

immensely [ı’menslı] imensamente

impatiently [ım’peıʃəntlı] impacientemente


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impressively [ım’presıvlı] impressivament

inappropriately [ınə’prəƱprıətlı] inadequadamente, impropriamente

incessantly [ın’sesəntlı] incessantemente

incorrectly [ınkə’rektlı] incorretamente

indeed [ın’dı:d] realmente, deveras, mesmo; de fato

independently [ındı’pendəntlı] independentemente

indoors [ın’dɔ:z] dentro de casa, no interior

indubitably [ın’djƱbıtəblı] indubitavelmente

inevitably [ın’evıtəblı] inevitavelmente

infinitely [’ınfınətlı] infinitamente

informally [ın’fɔ:məlı] informalmente, sem cerimônia

infrequently [ın’frı:kwəntlı] raramente

innocently [’ınəsəntlı] inocentemente

inquisitively [ın’kwızətıvlı] curiosamente, de maneira inquisitiva

instantly [’ınstəntlı] imediatamente, logo

intelligently [ın’telıʤəntlı] inteligentemente

intensely [ın’tenslı] intensamente

intently [ın’tentlı] atentamente

interestingly [’ıntrəstıŋlı] curiosamente, de forma interessante, de maneira

interessante

intermittently [ıntə’mıtntlı] intermitentemente

internally [ın’tɜ:nəlı] internamente, interiormente

invariably [ın’veərıəblı] invariavelmente

invisibly [ın’vızıblı] invisivelmente

inwardly [’ınwədlı] interiormente, intimamente

ironically [ɑı’rɒnıklı] ironicamente

irrefutably [ırıfju:təblı] irrefutavelmente

irritably [’ırıtəblı] de maneira irritável

J

jaggedly [’ʤӕgıdlı] denteadamente

jauntily [’ʤɔ:ntılı] alegremente

jealously [’ʤeləslı] ciumentamente

jokingly [’ʤəƱk ıŋlı] jocosamente

jovially [’ʤəƱvıəlı] jovialmente


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joyfully [ʤɔıfəlı] jovialmente, alegremente

joylessly [ʤɔılıslı] tristemente

joyously [ʤɔıəslı] jovialmente, alegremente

jubilantly [’ʤu:bılntlı] jubilantemente

judgmentally [ʤʌʤmentəlı] criticamente

just [ʤʌst] justamente, exatamente

justly [ʤʌstlı] com justiça, justamente

K

keenly [kı:nlı] vivamente

kiddingly [kıdıŋlı] jocosamente

kind-heartedly [kɑınd hɑ:tədlı] bondosamente

kindly [kɑındlı] amavelmente

knavishly [neıvıʃlı] enganosamente

knowingly [nəƱwıŋlı] com ar conhecedor; conscientemente

knowledgeably [’nɒlıʤəblı] inteligentemente, com conhecimento

L

lastly [lɑ:stlı] finalmente, em último lugar

late [leıt] tarde

lately [’leıtlı] nos últimos tempos, ultimamente

later [leıtə] tarde

lazily [leızılı] preguiçosamente

less [les] menos

lightly [lɑıtlı] leve, levemente, ligeiramente

likely [lɑıklı] provavelmente

limply [lımplı] molemente

lithely [lɑı∂lı] flexivelmente

loftily [lɒftılı] arrogantemente

longingly [lɒŋıŋlı] ardentemente

loosely [lu:slı] sem apertar; vagamente

loudly [lɑƱdlı] ruidosamente

lovingly [’lʌvıŋlı] amorosamente

loyally [’lɔıəlı] lealmente

luckily [’lʌkəlı] felizmente

luxuriously [lʌg’ӡƱərıəslı] luxuosamente


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M

madly [mӕdlı] loucamente

magically [’mӕʤıklı] mágicamente

mainly [meınlı] principalmente, sobretudo

majestically [mə’ʤestıklı] majestosamente

markedly [mɑ:kıdlı] manifestamente, visivelmente

materially [mə’tıərıəlı] materialmente

meaningfully [’mı:nıŋfəlı] significativamente

meanly [mı:nlı] mesquinhamente

meantime [’mı:ntɑım] entretanto

meanwhile [’mı:nwɑıl] entretanto

mechanically [mı’kӕnıklı] mecanicamente

medically [’medıklı] medicamente

menacingly [’menəsıŋlı] ameaçadoramente

merely [mıəlı] meramente, simplesmente, apenas

merrily [’merılı] alegremente, jovialmente

methodically [mı’Өɒdıklı] metodicamente

mightily [mɑıtılı] poderosamente

miserably [’mızrəblı] miseravelmente

mockingly [’mɒkıŋlı] zombeteiramente

monthly [’mʌnӨlı] mensalmente

morally [’mɒrəlı] moralmente

more [mɔ:] mais

moreover [mɔ:’əƱvə] além disso, de mais a mais

mortally [’mɔ:təlı] mortalmente

mostly [məƱstlı] sobretudo

much [mʌʧ] muito

mysteriously [mı’stıərıəslı] misteriosamente

N

nastily [’nɑ:stılı] desagradavelmente, maldosamente, sordidamente

naturally [’nӕʧrəlı] naturalmente

naughtily [nɔ:tılı] desobedientemente

nearby [’nıəbɑı] próximo, perto

nearly [’nıəlı] quase, por pouco

neatly [nı:tlı] com cuidado; habilmente


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negatively [’negətıvlı] negativamente

nervously [’nɜ:vəslı] nervosamente

never [’nevə] nunca

nevertheless [nevə∂ə’les] contudo, no entanto

next [nekst] a seguir; ao lado de

nicely [nɑıslı] agradavelmente

nightly [’nɑıtlı] de noite, à noite, todas as noites

noisily [nɔ:zılı] ruidosamente

normally [’nɔ:məlı] normalmente

not [nɒt] não

now [nɑƱ] agora

nowadays [’nɑƱədeız] hoje em dia, presentemente, atualmente

numbly [nʌmlı] entorpecidamente

O

obediently [ə’bı:dıəntlı] obedientemente

obligingly [ə’blɑıʤıŋlı] amavelmente

obnoxiously [əbnɒkʃəslı] odiosamente

obviously [’ɒbvıəslı] obviamente

occasionally [ə’keıӡən] de vez em quando, ocasionalmente

oddly [ɒdlı] de modo estranho

offensively [ə’fensıvlı] ofensivamente

officially [ə’fıʃlı] oficialmente

often [’ɒfn] muitas vezes

ominously [’ɒmınəslı] ominosamente

once [wʌns] uma vez; noutro(s) tempo(s)

only [’əƱnlı] apenas, só, somente

openly [’əƱpənlı] abertamente

optimistically [ɒpı’mıstıklı] com otimismo

ordinarily [’ɔ:dınərılı] ordinariamente

outdoor(s) [’ɑƱ tdɔ:(z)] fora de casa, ao ar livre

outrageously [ɑƱ t’reıʤəslı] escandalosamente

outwardly [’ɑƱ twədlı] exteriormente

outwards [’ɑƱ twədz] para o exterior

overbearingly [əƱv’beərıŋlı] dominantemente

overseas [əƱvəsı:z] no ultramar


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P

painfully [peınfəlı] dolorosamente

painlessly [peınlıslı] de forma indolor

paradoxically [’pӕrədɒksıklı] paradoxalmente

partially [’pɑ:ʃəlı] parcialmente

particularly [pə’tıkjƱləlı] em especial, particularmente

passionately [’pӕʃnətlı] apaixonadamente

patiently [’peıʃntlı] pacientemente

perfectly [’pɜ:fıktlı] perfeitamente

periodically [pıərı’ɒdıklı] periodicamente

perpetually [pə’peʧƱəlı] perpetuamente

persistently [pə’sıstntlı] persistentemente

personally [’pɜ:sənlı] pessoalmente

persuasively [pə’sweısıvlı] persuasivamente

physically [’fızıklı] fisicamente

plainly [pleınlı] claramente; francamente

playfully [’pleıfəlı] divertidamente

poetically [pəƱetk] poeticamente

poignantly [’pɔınjəntlı] pungentemente

politely [pe’lɑıtlı] educadamente

poorly [pƱəlı] mal

positively [’pɒzətıvlı] positivamente, completamente

possibly [’pɒsıblı] possivelmente, talvez

potentially [pə’tenʃəlı] potencialmente

powerfully [’pɑƱəfəlı] poderosamente

presently [’prezntlı] presentemente; atualmente

presumably [prı’zju:məblı] provavelmente, presumivelmente

prettily [’prıtılı] bastante; lindamente

previously [’prı:vıəslı] antes, anteriormente

primly [prımlı] afetadamente; melindrosamente

principally [’prınsəplı] principalmente

probably [’prɒbəblı] provavelmente

promptly [prɒmptlı] prontamente, pontualmente

properly [’prɒpəlı] corretamente; com razão, acertadamente; propriamente

proudly [prɑƱdlı] orgulhosamente


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punctually [’pʌnkʧƱəlı] pontualmente

puzzlingly [’pʌzlıŋlı] como em um quebra-cabeça

Q

quaintly [kweıntlı] caprichosamente

queasily [’kwı:zılı] nauseabundamente

questionably [’kwesʧənəblı] questionavelmente

questioningly [’kwesʧənıŋlı] interrogativamente

quicker [kwıkə] depressa

quickly [kwıklı] rapidamente, depressa

quietly [’kwɑıətlı] sossegadamente, silenciosamente

quirkily [kwɜ:kılı] singularmente

quite [kwɑıt] completamente, absolutamente; bastante

quizzically [’kwızıklı] zombeteiramente

R

randomly [’rӕndəmlı] aleatoriamente

rapidly [’rӕpıdlı] rapidamente

rarely [reəlı] raramente, raras vezes

readily [’redılı] de boa vontade, prontamente; facilmente

really [’rılı] realmente, na verdade

reasonably [’rı:znəblı] razoavelmente

reassuringly [rı:ə’ʃƱərıŋlı] de maneira tranquilizadora

recently [’rı:sntlı] recentemente

recklessly [’reklıslı] imprudentemente

regularly [’regjƱləlı] regularmente

reliably [rı’lɑıəblı] confiantemente

reluctantly [rı’lʌktəntlı] contragosto, relutantemente

remarkably [rı’mɑ:kəblı] notavelmente; consideravelmente

repeatedly [rı’pı:tıdlı] reptidas vezes, repetidamente

reproachfully [rı’prəƱʧfəlı] reprovadoramente

responsibly [rı’spɒnsəblı] responsavelmente

resentfully [rı’zentfəlı] ressentidamente

respectably [rı’spektəblı] respeitavelmente

respectfully [rı’spektə] respeitosamente

respectively [rı’spektıvlı] respectivamente

restfully [’restfəlı] tranqüilamente


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richly [rıʧlı] ricamente

ridiculously [rı’dıkjƱləslı] ridiculamente

righteously [’rɑıʧəslı] merecidamente

rightfully [rɑıtfəlı] legitimamente, por direito

rightly [rɑıtlı] devidamente, corretamente; justificadamente

rigidly [’rıʤıdlı] rigidamente

roughly [rʌflı] asperamente, rudemente; aproximadamente

routinely [ru:’tı:nlı] rotineiramente

rudely [ru:dlı] rudemente

ruthlessly [’ru:Өlıslı] impiedosamente, desapiedadamente

S

sadly [sӕdlı] tristemente; infelizmente

safely [’seıflı] em segurança

scarcely [skeəslı] mal, apenas

scarily [skeərılı] assustadoramente

scientifically [’sɑıən’tıfıklı] cientificamente

searchingly [sɜ:ʧıŋlı] perscrutadoramente

secretively [’sı:krətıvlı] secretamente

securely [sı’kjƱəlı] solidamente, em segurança

sedately [sı’deıtlı] descansadamente, serenamente

seemingly [sı:mıŋlı] aparentemente, ao que parece

seldom [’seldəm] raras vezes, raramente, raro

seldomly [’seldəmlı] raramente

selfishly [’selfıʃlı] egoisticamente

selflessly [’selflıslı] desinteressadamente

separately [’seprətlı] separadamente, em separado

seriously [’sıərıəslı] seriamente, gravemente

shakily [’ʃeıkılı] tremulamente

shamelessly [ʃeımlıslı] desavergonhadamente, descaradamente

sharply [ʃɑ:plı] rispidamente; de respente

sheepishly [’ʃı:pıʃlı] timidamente

shoddily [’ʃɒdılı] mal

shortly [ʃɔ:tlı] em breve, dentro em pouco

shrilly [ʃrılı] estridentemente

shyly [ʃɑılı] timidamente


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significantly [sıg’nıfıkəntlı] significativamente

silently [’sɑıləntlı] silenciosamente

simply [’sımplı] simplesmente

sincerely [sınsıəlı] sinceramente

singularly [’sıŋgjƱləlı] singularmente

skilfully [’skılfəlı] habilmente

sleepily [’slı:pılı] sonhadoramente

slightly [slɑıtlı] ligeiramente, um pouco

slowly [sləƱlı] devagar, lentamente, vagarosamente

slyly [slɑılı] intencionalmente, maliciosamente

smoothly [smu:∂lı] lisamente

so [səƱ] tão, de tal modo; assim, deste modo

softly [sɒftlı] suavemente; quietamente

solely [səƱlı] unicamente

solemnly [’sɒləmlı] solenemente

solicitously [sə’lısıtəslı] solicitamente

solidly [’sɒlıdlı] solidamente

somehow [’sʌmhɑƱ] de algum modo, de alguma maneira; por alguma razão

sometime [’sʌmtɑım] a certa altura, um dia

sometimes [’sʌmtɑımz] às vezes, de vez em quando

somewhat [’sʌmwɒt] um pouco, um tanto (ou quanto)

somewhere [’sʌmweə] em algum lugar; para algum lugar

soon [su:n] em breve, dentro em pouco, daqui a pouco; cedo

spasmodically [spӕz’mɒdıklı] espasmodicamente

specially [speʃlı] especialmente

specifically [spə’sıfıklı] especificamente, explicitamente

spectacularly [spek’tӕkjƱləlı] espetacularmente

speedily [spı:dılı] rapidamente, velozmente

spiritually [’spırıʧƱəlı] espiritualmente

splendidly [’splendıdlı] esplendidamente

sporadically [spə’rӕdıklı] esporadicamente

startlingly [’stɑ:tlıŋlı] alarmantemente, surpreendentemente

steadily [’stedılı] firmemente; regularmente, de modo constante

stealthily [stelӨılı] furtivamente, secretamente

sternly [stɜ:nlı] severamente


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still [stıl] ainda; apesar disso, apesar de tudo

strenuously [’strenjƱəslı] tenazmente

stressfully [strefəlı] estressantemente

strictly [strıktlı] estritamente

stridently [’strɑıdntlı] estridentemente

structurally [’strʌkʧəlı] estruturalmente

studiously [’stju:dıəslı] estudiosamente

stupidly [’stju:pıdlı] estupidamente

stylishly [stɑılıʃlı] elegantemente

subsequently [’sʌbsıkwəntlı]

substantially [səb’stӕnʃəlı] substancialmente

subtly [’sʌtlı] sutilmente

successfully [sək’sesfəlı] com sucesso

suddenly [’sʌdnlı] subitamente, repentinamente

sufficiently [sə’fıʃnt] suficientemente

suitably [su:təblı] convenientemente

superficially [su:pə’fıʃəlı] superficialmente

supremely [su:’prı:mlı] supremamente

surely [ʃƱəlı] com certeza, certamente

surprisingly [sə’prɑızıŋlı] surpreendentemente

suspiciously [səs’pıʃəslı] suspeitosamente

sweetly [swı:tlı] docemente

swiftly [swıftlı] rapidamente, prontamente

sympathetically [’sımpəӨətıklı] simpaticamente

systematically [’sıstəmӕtıklı] sistematicamente

T

temporarily [’tempərəlı] temporariamente

tenderly [’tendəlı] ternamente, meigamente

tensely [tenslı] tensamente, retesadamente

tepidly [’tepıdlı] mornamente, tepidamente

terribly [’terıblı] terrivelmente; extremamente, espantosamente

terrifically [te’rıfıklı] tremendamente; lindamente, maravilhosamente

thankfully [’Өӕnkfəlı] com gratidão; felizmente

then [∂en] então, nessa altura; depois, em seguida; nesse caso; portanto, por


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conseguinte

there [∂eə] aí, ali, lá; acolá

thereby [’∂eəbɑı] desse modo

therefore [’∂eəfɔ:] por isso, portanto, por conseguinte

thoroughly [’Өʌrəlı] completo, a fundo; perfeitamente, muito bem

thoughtfully [’Өɔ:tfəlı] pensativamente; com consideração, atenciosamente

thus [∂ʌs] assim, desta maneira; (_far) até aqui

tightly [tɑıtlı] bem; com força

today [tə’deı] hoje

together [tə’ge∂ə] junto, juntamente, juntos; ao mesmo tempo

tomorrow [tə’mɒrəƱ] amanhã

too [tu:] demasiado, demais; também, igualmente; muito

totally [’təƱtəlı] totalmente

touchingly [’tʌʧıŋlı] comovedoramente

tremendously [trı’mendəslı] tremendamente

truly [’tru:lı] verdadeiramente; fielmente; sinceramente

truthfully [tru:Өfəlı] sinceramente; para dizer a verdade

twice [twɑıs] duas vezes

U

ultimately [’ʌltımətlı] finalmente

unabashedly [ʌnəbӕʃədlı] indisfarçadamente, descaradamente

unanimously [ju:’nӕnıməslı] unanimemente, por unanimidade

unbearably [ʌn’beərəblı] insuportavelmente

unbelievably [ʌnbı’lı:vəblı] inacreditavelmente

uneasily [ʌn’ı:zılı] inquietamente

unemotionally [ʌn’ıməƱʃnlı] impassivelmente

unethically [ʌn’eӨıklı] antiéticamente

unexpectedly [ʌnık’spektıdlı] inesperadamente

unfailingly [ʌn’feılıŋlı] infalivelmente

unfavourably [ʌn’feıvərəblı] desfavoravelmente

unfortunately [ʌn’fɔ:ʧənətlı] infelizmente

uniformly [’ju:nı fɔ:mlı] uniformemente

unilaterally [ju:nılӕtrəlı] unilateralmente

universally [ju:nı’vɜ:səlı] universalmente

unkindly [ʌn’kɑındlı] indelicadamente


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unnaturally [ʌn’nӕʧrəlı] desnaturalmente

unnecessarily [ʌn’nesəserılı] desnecessariamente

unquestionably [ʌn’kwesʧənəblı] inquestionavelmente

unselfishly [ʌn’selfıʃlı] desinteressadamente, generosamente

unskilfully [ʌn’skılfəlı] desajeitadamente

unwillingly [ʌn’wılıŋlı] de má vontade

up [ʌp] cima, para cima, para o alto; em cimas, no alto: acordado, de pé;

acabado

upside-down [ʌpsɑıd’dɑƱn] ao contrário; de pernas para o ar

upwardly [ʌpwədlı] para cima

upwards [ʌpwədz] para cima

urgently [’ɜ:ʤəntlı] urgentemente

usefully [’ju:sfəlı] utilmente

uselessly [’ju:slıslı] inutilmente

usually [’ju:ӡəƱlı] habitualmente, normalmente

utterly [’ʌtəlı] completamente

V

vacantly [’veıkəntlı] vagamente, sem expressão

vaguely [veıglı] vagamente

vainly [veınlı] em vão

valiantly [’vӕlıəntlı] valentemente

vastly [vɑ:stlı] imensamente, infinitamente

verbally [’vɜ:bəlı] verbalmente

vertically [’vɜ:tıklı] verticalmente

very [’verı] muito

viciously [’vıʃəslı] maldosamente; brutalmente, ferozmente

victoriously [vık’tɔ:rıəslı] vitoriosamente

vigilantly [’vıʤıləntlı] vigilantemente

vigorously [’vıgərəslı] vigorosamente

violently [’vɑıələntlı] violentamente, com violência

visibly [’vızəblı] visivelmente

visually [’vıӡəƱlı] visualmente

vivaciously [vı’veıʃlı] vivazmente, animadamente

voluntarily [’vɒləntrəlı] voluntariamente


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W

warily [’weərılı] cautelosamente

warmly [wɔ:mlı] calorosamente

weakly [wı:klı] fracamente

wearily [wıərılı] cansadamente

weekly [ı:klı] semenal

well [wel] bem

wetly [wetlı] molhadamente

when [wen] quando

where [weə] onde, aonde; em que

whole-heartedly [həƱl’h:tədlı] sem reservas, sinceramente

wholly [həƱlı] inteiramente, completamente

why [wɑı] porque, por que motivo, por que razão, porquê

wickedly [’wıkıdlı] maldosamente, malvadamente

wide [wɑıd] longe; completamente

widely [wɑıdlı] largamente; muito; generalmente; extremamente

wildly [wɑıldlı] violentamente; loucamente

wilfully [’wılfəlı] deliberadamente, intencionalmente

willingly [’wılıŋlı] de boa vontade, de bom grado; voluntariamente

wisely [wɑızlı] sabiamente

woefully [wəƱfəlı] lamentavelmente

wonderfully [’wʌndəflı] maravilhosamente

worriedly [’wʌrıdlı] preocupadamente

worthily [’wɜ:∂ılı] dignamente, meritoriamente

wrongly [rɒŋlı] mal, sem razão, injustamente

Y

yearly [jıəlı] anualmente

yearningly [jɜ:∂nıŋlı] nostalgicamente

yesterday [’jestədeı]/[ ’jestədı] ontem

yet [jet] ainda; já

youthfully [ju:Өfəlı] juvenilmente

Z

zanily [’zeınılı] loucamente

zealously [’zeləslı] zelosamente

zestfully [zestfəlı] gostosamente


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For help with the phonetic pronunciations, click here. Para obter ajuda com as pronúncias fonéticas, clique aqui .

EXERCISE:

Practise using these ADVERBS by adding them to descriptions of people or

places you know well. Be creative, not truthful. Exaggerate and use your

imagination. 026

The next section explains the use of PREPOSITIONS. 027

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Adverbs and prepositions

Education

Transcript of Adverbs and prepositions