ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – CONJUNCTIONS & 086/01 …...ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 1...

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 1

086/01

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1. I have started to doubt that it is just coincidence that I come across that man ---- I get out for shopping.

A) so that B) whenever C) inasmuch as D) no sooner E) meanwhile

2. This downloading utility is a small ---- very

efficient programme that everyone should have.

A) but B) or C) for D) so that E) nor

3. From the way he was lying on the ground,

the police deduced that the old man must have hit his head on the curb ---- trying to pick up something.

A) as soon as B) once C) as a result D) while E) since

4. The guests were driving as fast as they

could to make it to the church ---- the wedding ceremony started.

A) up to B) prior to C) before D) long after E) so long as

5. With a small gadget that kept sending signals of location, they were able to trace the lion ---- it went.

A) as long as B) in order that C) during D) afterwards E) wherever

6. Plants and animals can’t survive in the

absence of the other ---- they depend on each other biologically.

A) in the meantime B) in that C) every time D) in case E) lest

7. It seems the century-old foundation will

have to close its doors ---- insufficient funds.

A) during B) so that C) inasmuch as D) because of E) since

8. I was not invited to that party, ---- would I go

if I had been.

A) but also B) not only C) nor D) or E) not until

1. – 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

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086/01

9. She has had quite a few bad experiences trying to learn to drive; ----, she is reluctant to try it again.

A) for fear that B) henceforth C) seeing as D) meanwhile E) that’s why

10. ---- I came back home and checked the

receipt did I realize there was a mistake in it.

A) Hardly B) No sooner C) Not only D) Not until E) Scarcely

11. Make sure you wrap the water pipes with

some cloth, ---- they may burst when the water in them freezes up.

A) yet B) or C) so D) and E) but

12. Ferry crossings across the strait have

temporarily been cancelled ---- the heavy storm in the region.

A) inasmuch as B) owing to C) for D) as a consequence E) because

13. It’s only ---- you have connections with people in important government offices that he has become acquainted with you.

A) in order that B) as soon as C) because D) since E) after

14. ---- a big impact did the crisis make on the

economy of the small country that it took years to relieve its effects.

A) Such B) As much C) So D) Once E) As

15. Specially trained police dogs are able to

spot drugs in minutes ---- smugglers hide them.

A) before B) lest C) scarcely D) by the time E) wherever

16. ---- the project has been approved, you will

be given the funds on a monthly basis.

A) Once B) As far as C) So D) For E) Ever since


087/02

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1. They were making ---- noise giving a party at home ---- they did not hear the angry neighbours knock on their door.

A) such a lot of / when B) so much / that C) as much / then D) such a / when E) so / that

2. The model plane flew ---- those trees over

there ---- it got out of control and crashed.

A) as far as / before B) by / after C) until / as soon as D) up to / soon E) wherever / afterwards

3. ---- was the blackout over ---- the electricity

went off again.

A) Not only / when B) Immediately / soon C) No sooner / than D) Hardly / than E) As soon as / that

4. We are still waiting for Allen’s reply to our

offer as has ---- accepted ---- refused it yet.

A) firstly / finally B) neither / nor C) not only / but D) both / and E) either / or

5. ---- an avalanche is triggered, there is no way of stopping it from destroying whatever is in its way, ---- it will gain momentum in the process.

A) In that / for B) When / so C) Now that / yet D) In case / but E) Once / for

6. ---- there is nothing better to do here, I have

been reading whatever I could find ---- this morning.

A) Inasmuch as / before B) As / since C) As a result / during D) For / meanwhile E) Since / afterwards

7. A change to the current production system

will cost ---- precious time ---- a substantial amount of money.

A) not only / but also B) either / nor C) both / but also D) neither / or E) so / that

8. We had a hard time trying not to burst into

laughter ---- the manager belched ---- he was making the opening speech.

A) in the meantime / the moment B) by the time / as soon as C) during / while D) when / just as E) soon / as


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087/02

9. You had better be quick if you want to make a bid ---- you won’t be able to do it ---- the session has been closed.

A) so / as soon as B) because / so that C) for / later on D) consequently / afterwards E) as / once

10. The robbers had left ---- I arrived here, ---- I

couldn’t see anyone.

A) so long as / as B) by the time / for C) long before / so D) until / in that E) as soon as / so that

11. I would be so grateful if you ---- an eye on

my luggage here while I ---- my son to the lavatory.

A) were keeping / was taking B) could have kept / take C) could keep / am taking D) had kept / have taken E) kept / had taken

12. This rooster of yours is so punctual that it

---- just as the day ----.

A) was crowing / was broken B) crowed / has broken C) was crowing / had broken D) crowed / has been breaking E) crows / breaks

13. I have heard that Simon is being treated for an electric shock he ---- as he ---- a bulb.

A) has got / is changing B) gets / has changed C) had got / was changing D) was getting / changed E) got / was changing

14. Since he was late for ten minutes, Greg ----

no idea what we ---- about until then.

A) was having / talked B) had had / were talking C) will have / had talked D) had / had been talking E) has had / have been talking

15. Since he finds it very inspiring, he ---- to

classical music when he ---- anything creative.

A) listens / is doing B) is listening / did C) listens / was doing D) is listening / does E) will listen / has done

16. As we ---- a fifteen-minute break every two

hours, the journey ---- an hour longer than it should.

A) give / was taking B) gave / took C) have given / would take D) had given / was taking E) were giving / had taken


088/03

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1. Luckily, I noticed that the gas was on ---- I left the flat, ---- prevented a possible catastrophe.

A) long after / yet B) right before / and C) as soon as / or D) immediately / so E) so that / therefore

2. It used to be believed that one’s heart would

stop beating briefly ---- one sneezed, ---- the expression ‘God bless you!’

A) while / that’s why B) as / in that C) just as / in order that D) since / thus E) when / hence

3. ---- had I got off the bus ---- a passing car

splashed some mud on my dress.

A) Once / then B) As soon as / when C) No sooner / and D) Scarcely / when E) Hardly / than

4. There is nothing wrong about making

mistakes ---- you take lessons from them ---- don’t repeat them.

A) in that / but B) as long as / and C) so that / or D) so long as / yet E) for / lest

5. Grandpa ---- with us on and off since grandma ---- three years ago.

A) stayed / died B) stays / had died C) has been staying / died D) has stayed / was dying E) is staying / has died

6. ---- do forest fires mean the loss of valuable

sources of oxygen, ---- they are a threat to the ecology in general as well.

A) Either / or B) Both / and C) No sooner / than D) Not only / but E) Barely / when

7. ---- she had returned home ---- her parents

were back, they thought she was home all day.

A) Since / until B) Because of / till C) As a result of / when D) Since / by the time E) For / before

8. ---- its rarity, caviar is by far the most

expensive seafood, ---- you won’t find it in every restaurant.

A) Owing to / so B) As / henceforth C) Since / that’s why D) Inasmuch as / hence E) In case / therefore


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088/03

9. Sabrina never uses the elevators in the block ---- she gets stuck in them ---- a power failure.

A) so / during B) in order to / for C) for fear that / because of D) in order that / as a result E) lest / while

10. The DSL router should be accessible to any

device ---- you place it in the flat ---- there is nothing else to interfere with its frequency.

A) now that / once B) when / in order that C) each time / since D) as far as / so that E) wherever / as long as

11. The bridge collapsed ---- the torrential rain

last night, fortunately ---- there were no vehicles on it.

A) once / during B) when / while C) during / when D) while / since E) since / as

12. It was so embarrassing to be at the cinema

with him as he kept falling asleep ---- waking up with a loud snore ---- the movie.

A) but / meanwhile B) and / throughout C) so / during D) yet / in that E) and / just as

13. It took the firemen two hours to put out the burning vehicles ---- a huge chain collision; ----, the motorway remained closed during that time.

A) afterwards / thus B) up to / hence C) after / as a result D) prior to / therefore E) during / meanwhile

14. The kids were trying to appear not to be

scared of the thunders, ---- their silence ---- one struck gave them away.

A) so / once B) and / every time C) but also / when D) but / each time E) nor / while

15. You may claim what you want, but it was ----

I talked to her ---- Sally agreed to help us, so you owe me a lot.

A) not until / that B) long after / and C) neither / nor D) once / as E) the moment / now that

16. Just try this sauce on your spaghetti once

---- you will never be able to eat any without it.

A) or B) yet C) that D) for E) and


089/04

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1. It was ---- hot that he went straight for the swimming pool ---- he checked in at the hotel.

A) such a / the moment B) so / as soon as C) as / once D) such / immediately E) so that / just as

2. I’m fed up with the excuses of my husband, who is ---- too tired ---- too busy to spend time with me.

A) both / but also B) neither / nor C) not only / and D) either / or E) so / that

3. I couldn’t make any sense of his facial expression as he was ---- smiling ---- crying.

A) not only / and B) either / nor C) neither / or D) so / that E) both / and

4. ---- the huge demand for our product, we will not be able to make you delivery ---- October.

A) Owing to / since B) Since / after C) Due to / until D) Because / by E) Once / till

5. There were some questions to be answered ---- before and ---- reading the passages.

A) both / after B) neither / nor C) either / during D) not only / after E) both / finally

6. Jack dashed out during the interval ---- he was ---- bored by the movie but was also craving for a cigarette.

A) as / either B) since / both C) owing to / neither D) because / not only E) inasmuch as / both

7. Mites are ---- tiny creatures that they can only be seen through a microscope, ---- they still have a great impact on our health.

A) as / or B) such a / but C) so / so D) as much / and E) such / yet

8. ---- we have made all the arrangements that need to be made, we expect to leave ---- daybreak.

A) Ever since / until B) As / by C) Due to / up to D) As a result of / after E) For / before


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089/04

9. They hadn’t completed even half of the work ---- I left them, ---- they must still be busy working on it.

A) once / henceforth B) now that / for C) as soon as / as D) when / therefore E) right after / so

10. ---- this new recording system, we will be

able to have detailed recordings ---- we wish to.

A) Thanks to / now that B) With / whenever C) As / once D) Since / as E) Owing to / for

11. ---- the time limit to answer each question,

Hilda gave two wrong anwers, which she could have got right.

A) As a consequence B) On account C) Because D) Seeing that E) As a result of

12. The two have been best friends ---- they

were children, ---- there is no secret they haven’t shared with one another.

A) after / now that B) ever since / for C) for / therefore D) since / so E) in view of / as

13. You need to have ---- your ID card ---- your driving license with you so that you can prove your identity.

A) either / or B) not only / and C) neither / but D) both / or E) either / and

14. I had better save some money while I still

can ---- have enough ---- I need some.

A) lest / as soon as B) in order that / during C) in order to / when D) to / so long as E) so as to / afterwards

15. She locked the door of the balcony ---- her

child should go out unnoticed ---- she was working in the kitchen.

A) so that / during B) in order that / as C) lest / while D) for fear that / as soon as E) in case / once

16. Rick bought a single ticket instead of a

return ---- he would have to stay longer than planned.

A) once B) in order to C) so that D) so E) in case


Sentence Completion

090/05

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1. I am thinking of installing a special security

system at home ----.

A) to fear that it might well be burgled again as it was last time

B) nor do I want to leave it unattended for more than a day

C) once it had been burgled with all of us sleeping

D) in that it is actually too late as it has already been burgled

E) so that I can monitor it online whenever I want to

2. ---- due to the rising demand for it in China

and India.

A) American goods are in demand throughout the Far East

B) Producing enough wheat for the whole world is

C) The latest increase in the price of the fuel is partly

D) Rice and millet are the staples of Malian cuisine

E) Luxury items are being produced in larger amounts than ever before

3. The city council was anxious to finish the

arrangements ----.

A) after the delegation has arrived in their small town

B) since they have already been completed by the committee

C) before the prime minister arrived in the afternoon

D) once the foreign representatives have arrived

E) who had been busy with them for days already

4. ---- when she knocked a glass off the table and broke it.

A) Not only was she clearing the table and

talking B) As she had not been paying much attention

to her work C) Since Melinda was actually quite careful

with the dishes D) Hardly had I warned her to take care while

setting the table E) No sooner had we joked about breaking

something 5. The water in the bathtub was so comfortably

warm ----.

A) as you would like to have it when you have a bath

B) that I fell asleep while I was having a bath C) therefore I should have heated it up a bit

more D) that I feel like getting into it having a nice

bath E) I had actually been thinking of taking a bath

before that 6. ---- ever since he started to work for that

company.

A) The accountant has been embezzling money

B) The new manager is expected to boost the sales

C) It wouldn’t be wrong to say that I know Quentin

D) Richard frequently takes sick leaves although he is all right

E) He was looking desperately for a job

1. – 12. sorularda cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

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090/05

7. Eggs and meat have comparable nutritional values ----.

A) all of it had better be included in the daily

diet B) but in principal they are made up of similar

proteins C) so there is no way they can ever replace

each other D) for their role in a healthy diet is usually

ignored E) in that both basically contain animal

proteins 8. ---- but it also reshaped the cultures of the

people there.

A) English should be considered both as a universal language

B) When the Western World invaded Africa to exploit its resources

C) Not only did Rome build roads and facilities wherever it went

D) As the Church ruled over the whole Europe for centuries

E) Technology does not only make our lives easier

9. Working overtime was not a big deal for me

in those days, ----.

A) while I was commuting from home to work in my car

B) for I was young and wanted to make as much money as I could

C) because of the fact that I did not need any money

D) I was in urgent need of money and would work in any job

E) which was why I always refused to do it

10. ---- that she can complete a whole page in less than five minutes.

A) Fast reading is different from normal

reading in B) Having worked as a typist for years, Sylvia

claimed C) So fast is she at typing with all ten fingers D) Clara has been working as a secretary for

many years E) Unlike any other typist, Elisa is too

experienced 11. You won’t have any problems driving in the

traffic ----.

A) wherever you were going in the middle of the night

B) as long as you avoid it during the rush hours

C) as soon as you had acquired your driving licence

D) when you preferred the underground railway system

E) inasmuch as there are too many cars on too few lanes

12. ---- every time I tried to bring up the topic of

his dismissal.

A) As we all wondered what the reason for it was

B) I did not want to let him play it down and avoid talking about it

C) For some reason, Jim refuses to say anything about it

D) I don’t know why, but Mathew insistently changed the subject

E) Thinking that he wouldn’t mind my asking about it


Cloze Test

091/06

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(1)---- the world's growing and more affluent population, global agriculture will have to double its food production by 2050, (2)---- more farming usually means more environmental harm (3)---- clearing land, burning fossil fuels, consuming water for irrigation and spreading fertilizer. Agriculture already imposes a greater burden on Earth than almost any other human activity, (4)---- simply doubling current practices would ruin large areas of land (5)---- poison rivers and oceans. 1. A) Being fed B) To be fed C) To feed D) Feeding E) Fed

2. A) as B) for C) or D) but E) so

3. A) therefore B) so C) because D) since E) as a result of

4. A) as B) when C) so D) since E) owing to

5. A) in that B) and C) yet D) nor E) once

Injuries (6)---- traffic collisions, drowning, poisoning, burns and violence (7)---- kill more than five million people throughout the world every year (8)---- cause harm to millions more. They account for 9% of overall mortality, and are a threat to health in every country of the world. (9)---- there is a case of death due to such injuries, there are dozens of hospitalizations and thousands of doctors’ appointments involved. (10)----, a large proportion of people surviving their injuries end up with temporary or permanent disabilities. 6. A) because of B) by the time C) throughout D) as a consequence E) henceforth

7. A) both B) either C) not only D) neither E) inasmuch as

8. A) yet B) or C) so that D) but also E) nor

9. A) Whenever B) Long before C) Not until D) As long as E) Thanks to

10. A) As long as B) In order that C) What’s more D) Just as E) Because

1. – 20. sorularda, parçalarda numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

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091/06

Basically, virtual reality is an illusory environment which has been engineered (11)---- it gives the impression of being away from (12)---- they are. (13)---- you sit safely in your home, virtual reality can take you instantly to a football game, a rock concert, a submarine, (14)---- a space station orbiting Jupiter. True virtual reality (15)---- depicts scenes of activities and creates an illusion of actually being there. Piloting a Boeing 777 with a laptop flight simulator, after all, does not really convey a sense of zooming across the continent 5 miles above the surface of a planet. 11. A) when B) so that C) whenever D) in order to E) as a result of 12. A) wherever B) in that C) each time D) owing to E) inasmuch as 13. A) So as to B) For C) As D) Just as E) Due to 14. A) nor B) or C) to D) yet E) for 15. A) so that B) neither C) not only D) either E) both

American schools were considered to be unquestionably the best in the world (16)---- data showed this to be false. Research from the Organisation for OECD has shown that American student achievement is stagnant, (17)---- Asian countries are on the rise. This is odd, (18)---- American investment in education is more than any other in the world, and its innovative approaches are used by school systems throughout the world. (19)---- policymakers and the public have been engaged in educational reform practices (20)---- it started in the 1990s. 16. A) until B) by the time C) when D) for E) since 17. A) so B) in order to C) so that D) but E) or 18. A) just as B) for C) the moment D) due to E) in view of 19. A) Either B) Not only C) Neither D) As E) Both 20. A) when B) as C) since D) while E) as soon as

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES –CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 1 Paraphrasing

092/07

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1. Apparently they started working on their project no less than two months before.

A) It appears that they began to work on their

project exactly two months ago. B) It must have been two months ago that they

worked on their project. C) It is highly likely that two months passed

before they started working on their project. D) They must have been working on their

project for at least two months now. E) It seems that they began working on their

two-month project some time ago.

2. It is partly because of a misunderstanding that they haven’t come to an agreement yet.

A) Because of the misunderstanding, they

have been able to come to only a partial agreement yet.

B) They haven’t come to an agreement on whether it is because of a misunderstanding or not yet.

C) If it weren’t for the partial misunderstanding, they would long have come to an agreement by now.

D) It is the misunderstanding that has prevented them from coming to at least a partial agreement.

E) One of the reasons why they haven’t come to an agreement yet is a misunderstanding.

3. It was only natural for ancient people to relate every disaster to a nature event when they coincided.

A) Whenever a nature phenomenon occurred

at the same time with a disaster, ancient people thought they were related.

B) Naturally, ancient people related whatever disaster there was with phenomena they witnessed in the nature.

C) It was only natural phenomena that ancient people related every disaster as soon as they coincided.

D) Every natural phenomenon was explained with a disaster in the ancient world as nature was central for them.

E) Ancient people related disasters and nature phenomena if they happened at the same time, which was quite normal.

4. No sooner had the concert started than the power was cut, causing a 15-minute delay.

A) It was only fifteen minutes after the concert

started that the power was cut. B) The power cut that lasted for fifteen

minutes happened right after the concert started.

C) The power cut that happened as soon as the concert started caused a delay of 15 minutes.

D) Hardly had the concert started when the power was cut again, delaying it for another 15 minutes.

E) As soon as the concert started, it was interrupted by a power cut that caused it to be delayed for more than fifteen minutes.

5. I was sure it wasn’t either Tim or Jack that would be suitable for the job.

A) I had no doubt that neither Tim nor Jack

was suitable for the job. B) Both Tim and Jack were suitable for the

job, but I wasn’t sure which one to choose. C) It was either Tim or Jack that would be

suited for the job, but I wasn’t sure which of the two it was.

D) What I knew for sure was that neither Tim nor Jack was unsuitable for the position.

E) Not only Tim but also Jack was suited for the job, but I wasn’t sure about it.

6. There was so little evidence against them that the police couldn’t arrest any of the suspects.

A) None of the evidence can be used by the

police to arrest any of the suspects. B) The evidence against the suspects was not

enough for the police to be able to arrest them.

C) There wasn’t enough evidence against them for the police to arrest all the suspects.

D) Despite the evidence against them, the police couldn’t arrest any of the suspects.

E) The evidence was not enough for the police to arrest the suspect.

1. – 12. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

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092/07

7. There were road stalls selling local food wherever tourists were known to drive by.

A) Local people sold food setting up their road

stalls when tourists drove by. B) These road stalls are set up to sell local

food whenever tourists are known to drive by.

C) Tourists used to stop wherever road stalls were set up to sell local food.

D) You could see food stalls that sold local food where they knew tourists to drive by.

E) There used to be so many food stalls everywhere that it used to be visited by tourists driving by.

8. Some of the food in the fridge must have

gone bad, for there is a very bad smell in it.

A) Most probably some of the food in the fridge went bad, as the fridge smells awfully.

B) If it weren’t for the bad smell in the fridge, we would never realize that some of the food went bad.

C) There wouldn’t be a bad smell in the fridge if all the food hadn’t gone bad.

D) Probably most of the food in the fridge has gone bad, judging from how awfully it looks.

E) Since some of the food went bad, it must have caused the fridge to smell so awfully.

9. It is expected that the first fusion reactor will

have been built by the end of this decade.

A) We expect that it will be in less than ten years that the first fusion reactor will be built.

B) The first fusion reactor is expected to be built no sooner than in ten years.

C) They expect that the first fusion reactor will have been built in far less than ten years.

D) They expect the first fusion reactor to be built before this decade is out.

E) What they expect is that the first fusion reactor will be used until the end of this decade.

10. Since they lacked the instruments modern ships have, ancient seafarers used to sail close to the coasts.

A) With hardly any of the modern instruments

of navigation, the ancient peoples had no other choice but sail as close to the coast as possible.

B) As they did not have the instruments modern ships have, seafarers in ancient times sailed close to the coasts.

C) They had none of the instruments modern ships have, but ancient seafarers ventured everywhere keeping close to the coasts.

D) Ancient seafarers dared to sail everywhere, but they must have kept close to the coast owing to a lack of the instruments we have now.

E) People have been navigating the seas since ancient times, when there were none of the modern instruments.

11. She didn’t let anyone change the TV channel

so as not to miss the ending of the episode after the commercial break.

A) No one allowed her to change the TV

channel for fear of missing how the episode ended after the commercials.

B) As she did not want to miss the ending of the episode after the commercial break, she didn’t change the TV channel.

C) She didn’t let us change the channel even during the commercials for fear that she would miss the final episode.

D) She didn’t let anyone change the TV channel after the commercials in order to watch the ending of the episode.

E) She didn’t let anyone change the TV channel in case she missed the end of the episode following the commercials.

12. Blue is closer to green than it is to red in

that the first two are cold ones.

A) Of blue, green and red, only the first two are cold colours as the last one is warm.

B) Blue and green are closer to each other than they are to red, which is why they are called cold colours.

C) As blue and green are both cold colours, blue is closer to green than it is to red.

D) Green is not as close to red as it is to blue, which is a cold colour.

E) Blue and green are similar to each other and they are also cold colours, but red isn’t.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES –CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 2

105/01

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1. ---- my repeated warnings, Mike insisted on making the same mistakes over and over again.

A) Much as B) Despite C) Although D) Even so E) Whereas

2. Everyone who took their lunch had to sign

next to their name on the list ---- make sure no one ate more than once.

A) due to B) in order to C) so long as D) in order that E) so that

3. Christie placed some pillows along the edge

of the sofa where her little son was asleep ---- he should fall off.

A) if B) if only C) instead of D) even if E) lest

4. What he said during the meeting is not the

common idea of the whole staff, ---- it is his own view on the issue.

A) but rather B) on the one hand C) all the same D) instead of E) while

5. ---- many times one has acted on the stage, there is still some excitement one feels each time they are there.

A) If so B) No matter how C) For all D) Much as E) Although

6. Planes with a propeller can reach speeds of

up to 400 km per hour ---- with a jet engine they can reach several times of that.

A) unlike B) regardless C) contrary D) whereas E) quite the contrary

7. I ended up getting blamed for things I had

nothing to do with ---- I only meant to solve the matter.

A) even though B) as though C) in spite of D) rather E) even so

8. ---- she hated lift rides, she couldn’t possibly

have gone up all the way to the tenth floor with the heavy parcel.

A) As if B) Provided C) Much as D) Unless E) In case


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9. Daisy always had a spare pencil ---- the other failed to write ---- she needed one.

A) if so / as B) otherwise / while C) even though / if D) in case / when E) as though / unless

10. He was nodding ---- Janet was talking about

her plans ---- he was really listening to her.

A) while / as though B) whereas / even if C) as / only if D) during / supposing E) when / if only

11. ---- a delay on your part, please inform us

about it immediately ---- it will be only for five minutes.

A) Providing that / only if B) Supposing / regardless of C) In case of / even if D) Whether / or not E) In the event of / if so

12. ---- cutting down on public expenditures, the

government is determined to pass the new regulations ---- fierce opposition from trade unions.

A) Likewise / despite B) In case / rather than C) Unless / notwithstanding D) With the aim of / in spite of E) Whether or not / unlike

13. There are certain occasions on which one avoids making any comments ---- being misunderstood ---- they intend to say something different.

A) besides / in spite of B) for fear of / although C) in the event that / if D) with regard to / rather E) as if to / or else

14. ---- strictly she has been following the diet,

---- her friend, Anne has not been able to lose any weight so far.

A) Even if / whereas B) Whether or not / contrary to C) No matter how / on the contrary D) Much as / regardless of E) However / unlike

15. ---- metals, non-metals are poor conductors

of heat and electricity, ---- they are good oxidizing agents.

A) Along with / what’s more B) In most cases / all the same C) As well as / for instance D) Contrary to / yet E) Similar to / indeed

16. Educators advise against letting toddlers

spend long hours in front of the TV. ----, they should interact more with their peers; ----, they can’t develop any social skills.

A) If not / similarly B) Instead / or else C) Provided that / if not D) Nonetheless / unless E) For all / otherwise


106/02

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1. ---- you start drawing this shape, you can’t complete it in a single continuous line.

A) Whatever B) Notwithstanding C) No matter how D) Even so E) All the same

2. ---- they know all too well that they can’t

keep up with mass production, artisans practise their trade ---- they did for decades.

A) Even if / similar to B) Rather than / in case C) As though / supposing D) Despite / so E) Though / as

3. ---- a severe shortage of water throughout

most of the year there is ---- some vegetation in deserts.

A) Instead of / likewise B) As if to / similarly C) In spite of / still D) Much as / but E) Despite / but for

4. I had half the time I usually had to do the

job, ---- I believed I could complete it ----.

A) but / anyway B) yet / however C) but rather / still D) still / for all E) in contrast / though

5. ---- I asked Jim, he gave reluctant short answers ---- there was something that had offended him.

A) Although / nevertheless B) Whatever / as if C) Whenever / whereas D) No matter what / only if E) Even though / lest

6. ---- football, in basketball players mustn’t

touch the ball with their legs or feet ---- their hands.

A) Contrary to / as if to B) Instead of / except for C) Regardless of / but for D) Rather than / in case of E) Unlike / but

7. Planets orbit their star and ---- their satellites

orbit them, ---- they have any.

A) just like / so B) the way / in case C) similarly / if D) just as / if so E) likewise / unless

8. ---- there is irrefutable proof can a theory be

accepted ---- a scientific law.

A) Provided / as B) Unless / for C) As long as / like D) Only if / as E) Until / ----


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9. ----, eating too little alone won’t help you lose any weight; ----, it will cause you to put on even more.

A) Consequently / while B) Rather / although C) Indeed / even though D) If so / otherwise E) In fact / on the contrary

10. ---- you had a scuba tube, you could not dive

deeper than a certain depth; ----, the pressure would kill you.

A) Even if / otherwise B) Lest / or else C) However / if not D) Much as / therefore E) As if / whereas

11. The firemen are trained to leave the fire

station in less than a minute ---- a fire emergency, ---- would be expected of them.

A) as long as / as though B) in case of / as C) as / like D) thus / as if E) in the event that / so that

12. ---- they are identical twins, one of them is

very outgoing ---- the other is not, for they were raised by different families.

A) In spite of / much as B) Despite / however C) Even though / while D) As though / but E) Much like / whereas

13. Playing scrabble is a good way of passing the time. ----, ---- almost all other board games, it is good for brushing up on and broadening one’s vocabulary.

A) Moreover / unlike B) Considering / as C) As though / apart from D) Additionally / so that E) Namely / similar to

14. He is not capable of understanding even an

intermediate Spanish text, ---- write an essay or ---- speak it.

A) rather than / also B) instead of / much like C) likewise / at all D) let alone / even E) instead / too

15. ---- to work for many years ---- taking the bus

or driving his car, Mr Barton now enjoys a much better fit body for his age.

A) To walk / unlike B) Having been walking / rather C) To walking / let alone D) Having walked / instead of E) Walking / but for

16. Our physics teacher is not very experienced,

---- he is ---- much better at lecturing than most.

A) for / also B) though / as C) if not / anyway D) not only / as well E) yet / still


107/03

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1. ---- known for a long time, mushrooms have protective effect against cancer ---- being a good source of proteins and vitamins.

A) Whereas / moreover B) As / besides C) Since / as D) Though / while E) Likewise / despite

2. ---- in doubt about how to deal with their teenage children, which is ---- quite common, parents should not hesitate to seek professional help.

A) If / actually B) In case / in fact C) As / so D) Though / instead E) Like / as

3. Not ---- any sleep for nearly two days, Jane fell asleep ---- she put her head on the pillow.

A) to have / while B) having / just as C) to be having / when D) having had / the moment E) having / as soon as

4. ---- in a wide variety of climates, potato is the main ingredient of many dishes around the world ---- Europe.

A) Growing / what’s more B) Having grown / such as C) To grow / as if D) To be growing / as though E) Being grown / apart from

5. ---- all the genetic information, ---- the DNA enables all kinds of biological functions to be accomplished.

A) Contained / seeing that B) Containing / indeed C) Having contained / as D) To contain / actually E) Containing / with

6. ---- stated ----, all applications must be made in person to one of our agencies.

A) Unless / otherwise B) Despite / similarly C) Thus / likewise D) So / unlike E) However / equally

7. ---- setting out on a journey in your car, you should check all the safety precautions ---- you might have a problem on the way.

A) Until / much as B) After / whereas C) By the time / yet D) Before / in case E) When / even if

8. ---- walking along the coast I found an arm watch that seemed to have considerable value ---- no clue as to whom it belonged to.

A) Whereas / as B) Though / yet C) While / but D) Just as / so E) As though / still


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9. After ---- to dangerous levels of radiation in the nuclear explosion in Nagasaki many victims suffered from various types of cancer ---- the thousands who died.

A) being exposed / in addition to B) to be exposed / furthermore C) having exposed / additionally D) exposing / except for E) exposed / apart from

10. We had to hurry because ----, the best items

at the sales would long have been sold out ---- we arrived there.

A) if not / unless B) or else / whenever C) nevertheless / the moment D) otherwise / by the time E) as though / until

11. ---- the cold weather, the soldiers were

standing motionless at the entrance to the building ---- they were statues.

A) Though / so B) In spite of / even if C) Whereas / even D) But for / as E) Despite / as if

12. ---- visual arts are produced once and

admired forever, music is interpreted by performers ---- it is played.

A) Instead / whenever B) Unlike / in addition C) While / every time D) If not / unless E) Whereas / so that

13. ---- your car gets involved in an accident, your insurance company is obliged to supply you with a temporary car ---- the repair time.

A) Only if / whereas B) In the event that / during C) Even if / as soon as D) As though / when E) In case / while

14. ---- a tooth has started to decay, it will not be

possible to revert the cavity ---- you begin to brush your teeth.

A) When / in case B) Much as / although C) Once / even if D) As if / regardless E) Except for / regardless of

15. ---- a great man once said, we are not

defined by how we fall, ---- we are defined by how quickly we rise up again.

A) The way / still B) If / yet C) Like / anyway D) Rather / though E) As / but

16. Electronic spare parts have become so

cheap that it is much easier to change them ---- trying to repair them.

A) such as B) instead of C) rather D) with respect to E) whether or not


108/04

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1. We don’t have to go home for lunch. ----, we can have it somewhere near the office ---- we can save on commuting costs.

A) Instead / so that B) In spite of / as long as C) However / while D) As though / as if to E) If so / lest

2. Mike had been in financial difficulties for

weeks. ----, he refrained from asking his friends for a loan ---- he always did.

A) For all / as if B) After all / but for C) Notwithstanding / like D) Even so / as E) But / unlike

3. ---- a measure against cheating, a test-taker

is not allowed to leave the exam hall ---- there are only two still taking the exam.

A) As if to / once B) For / lest C) Like / in case D) The way / if E) As / unless

4. ---- many times a microscope can magnify, it

is useless ---- it comes to viewing single atoms.

A) Much as / lest B) No matter how / when C) Whatever / once D) However / just like E) No matter how much / as

5. ---- the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea has very little salinity ---- a lower biodiversity.

A) On the contrary / as well as B) To contrary / likewise C) In contrast to / in addition to D) Regardless of / without E) Unlike / different from

6. ---- he tends to refuse to do things at first, he

is not that hard to persuade in the end.

A) On the contrary B) Unlike C) First of all D) Much though E) Eventually

7. ---- the modern ones, traditional education

systems expose students to the same material with the same methods ---- their individual differences.

A) Unlike / regardless of B) In fact / let alone C) Contrary to / likewise D) In contrast to / no matter E) Similar to / so that

8. The three-day trip to France was a short but

a tiring trip; ----, we visited so many places in such a short time, ---- it was worth it all.

A) indeed / in general B) as a matter of fact / besides C) likewise / eventually D) that is / yet E) all in all / in addition


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9. ---- guilty of committing a series of crimes, the suspect was finally sentenced to twenty years in prison.

A) Finding B) To be found C) Having been found D) Having found E) To have found

10. ---- most of the other items at the auction,

the antique tea set received a huge attention and ---- was sold for a record price.

A) Alike / accordingly B) Similar to / however C) Likewise / as well D) Just like / moreover E) Like / thus

11. ---- it has been prescribed by a physician

should you take this medicine; ----, you risk developing serious complications.

A) Unless / on the other hand B) Even if / just in case C) Supposing / if not D) Only if / or else E) Providing / otherwise

12. ---- it sounds ridiculous now, people used to

believe that they would lose their soul ---- their photo was taken.

A) Although / if B) Nothing like / as long as C) As if / while D) Whether or not / as if E) Much though / rather

13. All the parents wanted their child to be given one of the main parts in the end-of-year play; ----, there were too few to be enough.

A) for fear that B) as though C) for all D) however E) no matter how

14. ---- their resemblance to werewolves, K’naii,

lawful dog-like creatures, will not normally attack humans ---- threatened or alarmed.

A) Whereas / until B) In contrast to / much as C) While / even if D) Much as / although E) Despite / unless

15. ---- the fact that he lived in İstanbul since he

was born, he has hardly been to half of it.

A) Much as B) Although C) In spite of D) For all E) Unlike

16. ---- it was 8 a.m. there was nobody at the bus

stop ---- a few people.

A) Although / just as B) Though / except for C) However / apart from D) Nevertheless / but E) Whereas / only if


Sentence Completion 109/05

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1. Some of the earliest designs of flying

machines ----.

A) has hardly changed over thousands of years

B) had invented as early as the first century BCE

C) made of the lifting force of hot and rising air D) were never able to realize them as they

were not feasible E) actually flapped wings just as a bird does

2. ---- if it lost the coverage signal when you

need it most.

A) As it is a mountainous area, you may have frequent losses of contact with us

B) It would make no sense to have a cell phone with you

C) The boat is drifting to the centre of the pool D) Ships depend on the radio to complete their

voyage safely E) The battery of your phone must be too low

to operate it 3. Despite wearing a full-grown beard and

sunglasses as a disguise, ----.

A) it was impossible to say he was not a local gentleman

B) the twelve-year-old boy who managed to get through the door

C) Oliver couldn’t avoid getting recognized at the bar

D) the plane was boarded by the terrorists without security checks

E) no one would have known it was Steve himself

4. ---- as if you became weightless for a brief period of time.

A) The rough voyage to the islands made me

sick B) Driving fast over the hills along the road

makes you feel C) The 6D cinema experience was so exciting

that I definitely recommend it D) No one can ever make me get on that roller

coaster E) The ropes that will help you float across the

stage 5. Unlike a US President, who is guaranteed to

stay in office for four years, ----.

A) Barrack Obama is the first Afro-American to have been elected president

B) world politics change much faster than it did before

C) it is quite different from other types of government

D) a British Prime Minister cannot afford to act against public opinion

E) in Germany each federal state has its own council

6. ---- whereas viruses and other disease

agents kill millions every year.

A) We tend to fear huge wild animals and find them fierce

B) There are good and bad bacteria which should not be confused

C) Medicine is continually improving, but there are still incurable diseases

D) Tuberculosis used to be one of the causes of death

E) Life expectancies vary a lot from one country to another

1. – 12. sorularda cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

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7. Contrary to three spatial dimensions familiar to us, ----.

A) a location in space can be specified using

three parameters B) we cannot imagine a fourth one, but

actually there are endlessly many C) man is bound to move on land unlike fish or

birds D) we can only move in one direction in the

dimension of time E) they are width, height and depth, and make

up space 8. ----, our father never let any of us notice this.

A) Though we have never had any money problems

B) The fact that our dog had actually been run over by a truck

C) Should he one day lose his job and get in financial difficulties

D) Our family business is going through a hard time these days

E) No matter how miserable his day might have been

9. You can never solve the problems in your

relationship ----.

A) in spite of the fact that you have so many secrets that you don’t share

B) unless you discuss them openly with your partner

C) who has always been by your side throughout that time

D) having grown too complicated in all the years

E) unlike one in which there are always arguments

10. ----; otherwise, they could become rich investing in stocks.

A) If Mathew and Richard had a bit more to

invest B) People working in finance are

advantageous C) I don’t believe psychics can really foretell

the future D) No one is sure about the source of their

sudden wealth E) George has always been known to have

made clever investments 11. I asked the cab driver to wait for me while I

was at the store ----.

A) refusing to do so on grounds that he was too busy

B) in case I could find no others at that late time

C) not to accept it because there was no parking place along the street

D) whenever I would get out of it and travel back

E) even if he agreed to do so as he would get paid for waiting, anyway

12. Only if all other options have been

exhausted ----.

A) should you consider cancelling the project B) the company was closed down and

bankruptcy declared C) you can be absolutely sure there is no

solution D) there is no other choice than seeking

professional help E) had one of them come up with a brilliant

idea


Cloze Test

110/06

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The Persian king Cyrus managed in relatively no time to establish Persian control over the ancient Near East, Egypt, and parts of India, first conquering Babylon. (1)---- Assyrian kings, Cyrus was known for his mercy (2)---- his cruelty. (3)----, he allowed the Hebrews, who had been captives in Babylon for over fifty years to return to the holy city of Jerusalem, (4)---- turning them into slaves. He returned sacred items that were stolen from them and allowed the rebuilding of their capital and the temple. Cyrus (5)---- allowed the Hebrews to continue living and worshiping as they chose. 1.

A) Otherwise B) Unlike C) Whereas D) In spite E) Although

2.

A) nevertheless B) instead C) but for D) if so E) rather than

3.

A) In general B) For example C) Let alone D) So long as E) In addition to

4.

A) if not B) while C) instead of D) on the contrary E) despite

5.

A) also B) in case C) besides D) even if E) too

Steel and concrete are the most dominant building construction materials. (6)---- concrete can provide a solid foundation for the weight of the building, steel can hold taller structures up. Steel can help builders create structures with more complex designs. (7)----, concrete can handle high temperatures for a long time. (8)---- cast-in-place concrete can be very expensive, owners will often save money because (9)---- that this kind of concrete offers greater safety, insurance companies demand lower premiums. (10)----, advances in technology are reducing these differences. 6.

A) Despite B) Providing C) As though D) If so E) Whereas

7.

A) As if B) Like C) On condition D) Besides E) Even though

8.

A) Although B) In case C) As far as D) With regard to E) Supposing

9.

A) to know B) know C) knowing D) to be known E) known

10.

A) As though B) Therefore C) Rather D) However E) Otherwise

1. – 20. sorularda, parçalarda numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

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(11)---- it might seem like an exaggeration to some, two of the most important art forms of the late 20th century are science fiction shows and sitcoms. The former draw us into a world of visual extravaganza in which the characters make a lot of efforts (12)---- protect the civilization and re-establish the natural order. The theme of many of these creations is clearly our longing to use technology to escape the limits to the physical world. Sitcoms, (13)----, draw us into a more modest world, descended not from mythology, and day and night dreams, (14)---- is science fiction, (15)---- from comedy of manners, vaudeville and our tacit perceptions of everyday life. 11.

A) Contrary to B) Notwithstanding C) Though D) In spite of E) As if

12.

A) in addition to B) so that C) as long as D) in order to E) similar to

13.

A) on the other hand B) except for C) for instance D) rather than E) in the event of

14.

A) the way B) as C) likewise D) if E) while

15.

A) if B) otherwise C) but D) unlike E) instead of

Antidepressants have taken North America by storm. (16)----, it’s estimated that around 30 million Americans take them for depression. There’s no doubt about it; we live in a pharmaceutical culture. We take pills to be happy, to be social, to be calm and to live "normally." (17)----, there is a huge downside. (18)---- most type of medication, (19)---- taken wisely, antidepressant drugs can severely disrupt delicate brain chemistry, lead to bizarre changes in mood and behaviour, and may even affect the ability to judge right from wrong. (20)----, these so-called "wonder drugs" cause low libido, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, headaches and insomnia, to name only a few. 16.

A) Whereas B) As though C) Likewise D) In fact E) As

17.

A) In case B) Except for C) Even though D) Unlike E) Nevertheless

18.

A) Except B) But for C) Contrary to D) But still E) Even if

19.

A) unless B) provided C) supposing D) once E) as long as

20.

A) In addition to B) However C) If not D) What’s more E) Much as

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES –CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 2 Paraphrasing

111/07

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1. Contrary to our expectation, the sizes of the genomes of different species turned out to be unrelated to body sizes.

A) No matter how small a species was, its genome could still be very large, which was something we expected.

B) The genome sizes of different species were found to be unrelated to body size, proving our expectation wrong.

C) To prove us wrong, the genomes of every species turned out to be quite similar regardless of their body sizes.

D) Though unrelated to their genomes, every species can have a wide range of body sizes.

E) We expected the genomes of every species to be different from each other, but we found that body size mattered least.

2. Although neither receives more sunshine than the other, the North Pole is inhabited by humans while the South Pole isn’t.

A) Since the South Pole neither receives enough sunshine nor is inhabited by humans, it is different from the North Pole.

B) The fact that the South Pole doesn’t receive as much sunshine leads to its being less populated than the North Pole.

C) Despite being exposed to same amount of sunshine as the North Pole, South Pole is not inhabited by humans.

D) Though they receive some sunshine, neither the North Pole nor the South Pole is densely populated.

E) Unlike the North Pole, South Pole is not inhabited by humans, but it could be too if it received as much sunshine.

3. A helicopter’s low speed in relation to a plane is compensated by its ability to land almost everywhere.

A) However slow a helicopter is, it can be landed everywhere, which almost always makes it a better alternative to a plane.

B) Thanks to its low speed, a helicopter is much easier to control than a plane and is also practical as it can land nearly everywhere.

C) Although a helicopter can be landed everywhere, it flies very slowly compared to a plane.

D) A helicopter is different from a plane in that it can land almost everywhere and can be flown much more slowly.

E) A helicopter does not fly as fast as a plane, but for that, it can land nearly everywhere.

4. What we focus on most while communicating with someone is their gestures rather than their actual words.

A) When we communicate with someone, we

focus more on their gestures than what they say.

B) While communicating with people, most of us focus on their gestures instead of trying to understand what they are saying.

C) Most of the communication we make with others deals with gestures rather than what the content is.

D) The actual words almost never matter while talking with someone as we usually communicate with gestures.

E) There are some people whose gestures attract our attention more than what they say during conversation.

5. However efficiently electricity is conveyed

through a cable, there will always be some loss.

A) The loss that is inevitable when conveying

electricity through a cable results from the inefficiency of the material.

B) No matter how efficient a cable is at conveying electricity, you can’t avoid some loss.

C) Although the only efficient way of conveying electricity is through a cable, there is always some loss involved.

D) Though it causes some loss during the process, the most efficient way of conveying electricity is through a cable.

E) The only efficient of conveying electricity is doing it with a cable despite the loss.

6. While insects are small compared to other

animal groups, they are well adapted to where they live.

A) Insects are smaller than other animal

groups, but they adapt well to their habitat. B) Though insects are among the smallest

groups of animals, they can adapt well to their environment.

C) Despite being able to adapt to the environment well, insects are still the smallest group of animals.

D) What enables insects to be so adaptive to the environment is the fact that they are smaller than other animals.

E) Thanks to the fact that they are quite small in relation to other animals, insects can adapt well to their habitat.

1. – 12. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.

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7. Unlike that of an adult, a toddler’s brain changes with new experiences from one day to another.

A) A toddler’s brain is more flexible than that

of an adult as experiences decrease flexibility every day.

B) Everyday experiences cause adults’ brains to be less flexible than that of toddler’s.

C) A toddler’s brain is not like an adult’s in that the latter changes only with new experiences every day.

D) Contrary to an adult’s brain, a toddler’s changes as he or she has new experiences on daily basis.

E) Though it is exposed to new experiences every day, an adult’s brain is not so flexible as that of a toddler.

8. Despite sharing a lot, there are considerable differences among the cultures of Far Eastern countries.

A) The similarities between the cultures of Far

Eastern countries are more than the differences.

B) Far Eastern cultures are quite different from others although there are a few similarities.

C) Far Eastern cultures are so similar to each other that we never tend to consider their differences.

D) Far Eastern cultures appear to be so similar to each other whereas they are totally different.

E) Although they share many things, Far Eastern countries have quite a few cultural differences among themselves.

9. Only if you visit him after 4 pm will you be able to find the manager in his office on Thursdays.

A) If you visit the manager in his office after 4

pm on Thursdays, you may not be able to see him.

B) On Thursdays, the manager is not in his office after 4 pm, so try to turn up before that.

C) If you had visited the manager after 4 pm on Thursday, you would have been able to meet him in his office.

D) You won’t be able to visit the manager in his office until 4 pm on Thursdays.

E) As the manager does not leave his office until 4 pm on Thursdays, try to get an appointment before that time.

10. Whatever her reason for her taking offence, you need to make it up to her, as you will be working together.

A) Regardless of why she was offended, you

need to atone for it because you will be collaborating.

B) No matter what she says to offend you, you should try to be more patient if you want to work with her.

C) Working with her won’t be easy as she will expect you to tolerate her offences.

D) If you are to work together with her, you should have asked her why she was offended.

E) She was offended for some reason, but it doesn’t matter now as you will be collaborating.

11. I couldn’t have avoided the collision even if I had been driving the car.

A) It was me who was driving the car, but I

was unable to avoid the crash. B) Although it was me behind the wheel, I was

unable to control the car and crashed. C) I wasn’t behind the wheel when the

accident happened, but I wouldn’t have been able to prevent it either.

D) Even though it was me who was driving the car, I couldn’t prevent the accident.

E) If only I had been driving the car when it crashed, because I could have prevented it.

12. Had it not been for the adventurous seamen of the age of explorations, none of the discoveries could have been made.

A) I wonder who it was who made all those

explorations if it wasn’t the brave seamen. B) It was thanks to the adventurous seamen of

the age of explorations that all the discoveries were made.

C) Without the brave seamen on the exploration voyages, the explorations might never have been made.

D) When they made the discoveries, the adventurous seamen had actually other intentions on their mind.

E) Though they made all the discoveries, the seamen of the age of explorations benefited little from this.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – CONJUNCTIONS & 086/01 …...ADVERBIAL CLAUSES – CONJUNCTIONS & TRANSITIONS 1...

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