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ADVERBs

An ADJECTIVE describes noun/pronoun.

The fierce dog barked.

....while an adverb..

An adverb describes a

verb adjective, or

another adverb.

The fierce dog barked loudly.

ADVERBS

Adverbs provide 4 basic types of information:

HOW an action is/was done

WHEN something happens

WHERE something happens

INTENSITY of an action

ADVERBS OF MANNER

HOW an action is/was done

Adverbs describe

VERBS (actions)

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adverbs describing HOW are usually easy to find…

many end in –ly

1 She is singing beautifully.

Here the action being performed is that of singing and there is a word that tells us how the action is being performed--that is-beautifully. So beautifully is an adverb here.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

How did he walk?

Slowly.

How did it move?

Quickly.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

How will he proceed?

Cautiously

How did it shine?

Brightly

ADVERBS OF MANNER

In most cases, ly is simply added to the positive form of the adjective. For example:

Adjective   badcompletenormal surprising

Adverb of Manner

badlycompletelynormallysurprisingly

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adjectivedramatic    scientific    specificbasic

Adverb of Mannerdramatically scientifically specificallybasically

Adjectives ending in icHowever, when the adjective ends in ic, the syllable al is usually

added before the ly ending. For example:

Adjectives ending in le When the adjective ends in le preceded by a consonant, the final e is usually changed to y, to form the ly ending. For example:

Adjectivefavorablehumblesimple

Adverb of Mannerfavorablyhumblysimply

Adjectives ending in ll

Adjectives ending in ue

When the adjective ends in ue, the final e is usually omitted before the ending ly is added. For example:

Adjectiveduetrue

Adverb of Mannerdulytruly

When the adjective ends in ll, only y is added. For example:

Adjective dullfullshrill

Adverb of Mannerdullyfullyshrilly

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adjectives ending in yWhen the adjective ends in y preceded by a consonant, the y is usually changed to i before the ending ly is added. For example:

busyeasyhappy

busilyeasilyhappily

However, in the case of the adjective gay, y is changed to i before the ending ly is added:

gay gaily

ADVERBS OF MANNER

The following tables give examples of adverbs of manner, location, time and frequency which do not end in -ly.

Adjective Adverb of Manner

goodfasthardlittleloudmuch

wellfasthardlittleloud or loudlymuch

It should also be noted that there are several adjectives ending in ly which have no corresponding adverbs:

friendlylikelylivelylonelysillyugly

When it is desired to use one of these words to modify a verb, an adverb phrase of manner may be used.

In the following examples, the adverb phrases are underlined.

e.g.

He behaved in a friendly manner.

They acted in a silly way.

 ‘-le’ changes to ‘-ly’:‘-y’ changes to ‘-ily’:‘-ic’ changes to ‘-ically’:‘-ue’ changes to ‘-uly’:‘-ll’ changes to ‘-lly’:

Adjectivesgentleeasyautomatictruefull

Adverbsgentlyeasilyautomaticallytrulyfully

ADVERBS OF MANNER

Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens. They are usually placed after the main verb or after the object.

Examples:•He swims well. (after the main verb)•He ran... rapidly, slowly, quickly.. •She spoke... softly, loudly, aggressively..•James coughed loudly to attract her attention.•He plays the flute beautifully. (after the object)•He ate the chocolate cake greedily.

ADVERBS OF MANNER

BE CAREFUL! The adverb should not be put between the verb and the object:

•He ate greedily the chocolate cake. [incorrect]•He ate the chocolate cake greedily. [correct]

The position of the adverb is important when there is more than one verb in a sentence.

Notice the difference in meaning between the following pairs of sentences:

•She quickly agreed to re-type the letter ( her agreement was quick)•She agreed to re-type the letter quickly ( the re-typing was quick)

•He quietly asked me to leave the house ( his request was quiet)•He asked me to leave the house quietly ( the leaving was quiet)

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

There are three forms:- positive - comparative

- superlative

A - Comparison with -er/-esthard - harder - (the) hardestWe use -er/-est with the following adverbs:1) all adverbs with one syllablefast faster fastest High higher highest

B - Comparison with more - mostcarefully - more carefully - (the) most carefullyadverbs ending on -ly (not: early)

ADVERBS OF MANNER

C - Irregular adverbswell better best badly worse worst much more most little less least late later last far farther furthest

further farthest

ADVERBS OF MANNER

DRILL TIME!

Adverbs of Manner 1Encircle the letter of the best answer for each sentence.

1. Do you think men drive ____________ women in your country?  a. more dangerously  b.  more dangerously than  c. dangerously2. I want my children to behave ____________ to every person that they meet.  a.  nicely  b.  nicily  c. nice3. My teacher said that Warren works ____________ in our class.  a. the hardest  b. hardly  c. harder than

4. Barbara swims ____________ than Anna because she has stronger arms.

  a. faster  b. fastlier  c. fast5. Angelina is a ____________ student. She is kind and pleasant.  a.  lovely  b. love6. The girls had to finish their work ____________ because the teacher told them to stop.  a.  quick  b.  quickly

7. Do you think you speak English ____________? Yes, of course!  a. well  b. good  c.  Goodly

8. When they heard the bad news, they were very ____________.  a. sadder  b. sad   c. sadly9. When he was a child, Tony spoke very ____________ and his friends couldn't understand him.  a. quietly  b. quieter  c. quiet10. Megan is a very ____________ athlete. She loves sports.  a.  serious  b. seriously

Supply the paragraph with suitable adverbs of manner.

Owen entered the classroom. The class had come back from lunch and it was time to take the math test. He sat down at his desk and took out a pencil. The teacher told the class to settle down and began to pass out the test papers. Owen watched as he worked his way down the aisle towards his desk. The paper slid on to his desk and he looked at the first problem

ADVERBS OF TIME

Adverbs of time tell us when an action happened, also for how

long, and how often.

ADVERBS OF TIME

Examples:

•When: today, yesterday, later, now, last year•For how long: all day, not long, for a while, since last year

"When" adverbs are usually placed at the end of the sentence:

•Goldilocks went to the Bears' house yesterday.•I'm going to tidy my room tomorrow.

1. We use adverbials of time to say when something happens. We often use noun groups called time

expressions as adverbials

yesterdaytodaytomorrow

last yearnext Saturdaynext week

the day after tomorrowlast nightthe other day

We can use prepositional phrases as adverbials of time:

clock times: at eight o'clock, at three fifteenreligious festivals: at Christmas, at Eastermealtimes: at breakfast, at lunchtimesspecific periods: at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at half-term

seasons: in autumn, in the springyears and centuries: in 1985, in the year 2000, in the nineteenth centurymonths: in July, in Decemberparts of the day: in the morning, in the evenings

The plane leaves tomorrow morning.They're coming next week.I'm going to the shop soon.She tries to get back before dark.It's starting to get dark now.She finished her tea first.She left early.

DRILL TIME!

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs of time.1. I shall go to Manila ____________ .2. We have ________________ booked the tickets.3. The flight was ________________ .4. She had been there ________________ .5. Bok will go to school ________________ .6. Miss Kitty arrived ________________ . She missed the bus.7. Pety arrived ________________ . The doctor had not come to the clinic.8. Go ________________ or the others will go away.9. Mrs. Cow feeds the poor ________________ .10. We went to the post-office _____

Adverbs of TimeArrange the words to make sentences. Place time expressions at the end of the sentence.

1. haven't / recently / seen / I / him - 2. I'll / you / see / soon - 3. afterwards / met / at the pub / him / we - 4. help / immediately / I / need - 5. was / arrogant / he / then / very - 6. / now / are / where / you - 7. / to go / where / you / do / want / today - 8. / do / yesterday / did / you / what - 9. as soon as possible / you / him / the truth / tell / should - 10. hasn't won / lately / my team - 

1. I haven't seen him recently. 2. I'll see you soon.3. We met him at the pub afterwards. 4. I need help immediately. 5. He was very arrogant then.6. Where are you now? 7. Where do you want to go today? 8. What did you do yesterday?9. You should tell him the truth as soon as possible.10.  My team hasn't won lately.

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