Adverb Phrases & Reasons€¦ · Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases •Time clauses...
Transcript of Adverb Phrases & Reasons€¦ · Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases •Time clauses...
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Adverb Phrases & Reasons Week 7, Wed 10/14/15
Todd Windisch, Fall 2015
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Final Draft WRITING PACKET #2
• You have 35 minutes to finish your final draft and turn it in to me • It is due at 2:50! • If it is late, I will take off 5 points!
• Remember to edit your paper carefully for grammatical errors – I will be grading based on more grammar that we practiced in class
• Please staple all parts of the writing packet together in this order: • PAGE 1: Pre-writing First draft Self-edit Peer-edit • LAST PAGE: Final draft
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Today’s Agenda
• REMINDERS: • Quiz on Mon (10/19) • No more extra credit for Writing Packet #1 • Extra credit for Reading Response #1 due by 10/26 • Reading Response #1 rewrites due by 10/19
• Check homework • Chapter 16: ex 6, 13, & 20
• Grammar: adverbial phrases
• Introduce writing chapter 4: ‘Analyzing Reasons’
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Clause vs. Phrase
• Which sentence includes a clause? Which includes a phrase? • After he sped away, he heard a shot. • After speeding away, he heard a shot.
• We had a flat tire while we were touring. • We had a flat tire while touring.
• Being late, I told my friend to wait around for a while. • Because I was late, I told my friend to wait around for a while.
• After we hadn’t eaten all day, we were all very hungry. • After not eating all day, we were all very hungry.
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Where is the adverb clause?
1. Upon opening the door, he saw blood oozing from Nicolas’ head.
2. Nicholas lay in a coma for two days after being rushed to a hospital.
3. On returning to the United States, Nicolas’ parents received requests to tell their son’s story.
4. The criminals were placed on trial after being turned over to police.
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Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases • An adverb clause can be reduced when there is a form of “be”
• While they were driving, they were attacked by bandits.
• Remove the form of “be” and the subject pronoun
• While driving, they were attacked by bandits.
• The pronouns need to match in both clauses! • While they were driving, my friend was attacked by bandits.
• This cannot be reduced
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PRACTICE: REDUCE THESE CLAUSES
• When he was in Rome, he bought a lot of cologne • When in Rome, he bought a lot of cologne.
• She always listens to music while she is vacuuming. • She always listens to music while vacuuming.
• The teacher was walking around the room while we were working. • N/A
• Jillian will have the time of her life when she is in Japan. • Jillian will have the time of her life when in Japan.
• While they love going to Disneyland, they hate Knott’s Berry Farm. • N/A
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Reducing Adverb Time Clauses to Adverb Phrases • Time clauses with after, before, since and while can be changed
without the verb “be”! • Remove the subject pronoun
• Change the verb to –ing
• After they visited Vegas, the Greens drove to the Grand Canyon.
• After visiting Vegas, the Greens drove to the Grand Canyon. • Remember, the subjects need to match!
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Simple Past and Past Perfect
• The simple past and past perfect have two options: • -ing form
• having + past participle
• After they had opened the door, they saw the blood. • After opening the door, they saw the blood.
• After having opened the door, they saw the blood.
• Since I started yoga, I have lost 10 lbs. • Since starting yoga, I have lost 10 lbs.
• Since having started yoga, I have lost 10 lbs.
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PRACTICE: REDUCE THESE CLAUSES
• Since I got a PS4, I haven’t stopped playing. • Since getting a PS4, I haven’t stopped playing.
• I always brush my teeth before I leave the house. • I always brush my teeth before leaving the house.
• Jonathon and Pam went to the mall before I did. • N/A
• After I had gotten my wisdom teeth pulled, I could only eat soft foods. • After having gotten my wisdom teeth pulled, …
• After getting my wisdom teeth pulled, …
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“Upon” or “on” + -ing
• “Upon” or “on” usually have the same meaning as “when”
• When I realized what had happened, I quickly stopped the car. • Upon/On realizing what had happened, …
• When realizing what had happened, …
• My mom went to Starbucks when she took me to the mall. • … upon/on taking me to the mall.
• My mom goes to Starbucks when she is at the mall. • …when at the mall.
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Omitting the Subordinating Conjunction
• What is a subordinating conjunction? • Connects independent and dependent clauses • Words like: because, even though, when, while, as, since, etc.
• The subordinating conjunction is sometimes omitted in a phrase • A phrase without a subordination conjunction is called an adverbial phrase • We generally only omit while, because, since, or as
• While I was sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • While sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • Sitting on the porch, I thought about my future. • While can only be omitted with the progressive form. It means “at the same time”
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Reducing Adverb Reason Clauses
• Adverb clauses of reason can be changed to adverbial phrases • Because, since, or as
• Because the children were sleeping in the car, they were not aware of what was happening.
• Sleeping in the car, the children were not aware of what was happening.
• Because sleeping in the car, the children were not aware of what was happening.
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Adverbial Phrases of Reason
• Because / Since / As + Be • We can reduce this to “being”
• Because they were not satisfied they decided to do something about the problem.
• Not being satisfied, they decided to do something about the problem.
• As he was unhappy with the service, he decided to leave a very small tip.
• Being unhappy with the service, he decided to leave a very small tip.
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Adverbial Phrases in the Perfect
• The present or past perfect changes to “having”
• Because they had been moved by the situation, people became organ donors.
• Having been moved by the situation, people became organ donors.
• Since the family has been eager to go on a vacation, they went to San Diego.
• Having been eager to go on a vacation, they went to San Diego.
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PRACTICE
• While I was waiting for Tommy, I was reading a magazine. • Waiting for Tommy, I was reading a magazine.
• Because we were knocking loudly, they came to the door. • N/A
• As she was sitting alone, she was a bit sad. • Sitting alone, she was a bit sad.
• Since he had studied really hard, he got an A. • Having studied really hard, he got an A.
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PRACTICE
• Because Jenn was drinking too much, she got sick. • Drinking too much, Jenn got sick.
• As Veronica had received a raise, she treated her family to dinner. • Having received a raise, Veronica treated her family to dinner.
• While Catherine was at work, she made a lot of calls. • While at work, Catherine made a lot of calls.
• Since I am not a big reader, I haven’t read the Harry Potter books. • Not being a big reader, I haven’t read the Harry Potter books.
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YOUR TURN
• Complete these sentences with your own information, then reduce to an adverbial phrase!
1. Since I am…, I am…
2. Because I have been studying English, I have…
3. As I…, I…
• Now, write some other sentences about these topics: • Your family
• Your friends
• Your classmates
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DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?
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DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?
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DO YOU ADMIRE THESE PEOPLE? WHY/WHY NOT?
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HOMEWORK
• When I assign homework from English Grammar, there is a specific way I would like you to do your homework: • Complete the homework on a separate sheet of paper (not in your book)
• Correct your own homework using the answer key in the back of the book
• Try to understand why you got the answer wrong; if you cannot find out why, make a note and ask me during class
• Tonight’s homework: • Chapter 18: Ex 8, 11, 13, 14