Advancing the Last Frontier: Reduction of commercial plug loads
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Transcript of Advancing the Last Frontier: Reduction of commercial plug loads
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ADVANCING THE LAST FRONTIER- REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL
PLUG LOADS
Scott Hackel, SeventhwaveChris Plum, Center for Energy and the Environment
Rick Carter, LHB, Inc.
2016 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
OUR PROJECT APPROACH
Characterize: 35 officesIndividually measure: 8 offices, 700+ pointsTest strategies: 5 strategiesGauge satisfaction: 290+ users
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
WORKSTATION MONITORING
Workstation logger
CPU logger
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
PLUG LOAD INVENTORIES
Self-reported(N=34 offices)
Field observations(N=8)
Average Range Average Range
Area per person (ft2) 280 170 - 600 230 198 - 273
Desktop/workstation 0.65 0 - 1.4 0.49 0 - 1.20
Laptop/workstation 0.43 0 - 1 0.56 0 - 1.00
Monitor/workstation 1.32 0.2 - 2.4 1.58 1 - 2.60
Task Light/workstation 0.80 0 - 2.6 0.68 0 - 1.40
All other 1.40 0 - 4.8 0.97 0 - 4.00
Total Plug Devices 4.6 1-10.4 4.3 1-11Phone/workstation 1.00 0.6 - 1.8 0.98 0.80 - 1.03
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5
OFFICE INVENTORY (COMMON SPACES)Equipment Type Total Number
ObservedSites with 1 or more
(out of 8)Desktop Printer 27 6Multi-functional Device/copier 22 8Microwave 21 7Flatscreen tv/digital display 18 6Coffeemaker 16 7Refrigerator 14 7Voice conferencing equipment 10 4Mini-fridge 7 4Electric stapler 7 4Floor based printer 6 3Toaster 6 5Shredder 6 3Projector 6 3
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
PLUG LOAD REDUCTION STRATEGIES
CRED
IT: T
rickl
esta
r
APS – Occupancy sensorAPS – Foot pedalBasic timerComputer power managementBehavior campaign
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
BEHAVIOR CHANGE CAMPAIGN
CREDIT: LHB Architects
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
ENERGY IMPACTS
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
ENERGY IMPACTS
Annual energy savings
kWh per station
% (with 95% conf. int.) N
Occupancy sensor 67 21.7% ± 14% 95Computer power management 106 29.1% ± 18% 116Foot pedal 42 19.0% ± 13% 74Foot pedal + behavior campaign 70 22.4% ± 13% 48
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
ENERGY IMPACTS
Telev
isions
Desktop prin
ters
Medium-siz
ed M
FDs
Coffeemak
ers
Water c
oolers
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140An
nual
Sav
ings
(kW
h)
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
IMPACT OF BEHAVIORAL ELEMENTS
City public works APS savings alone:
…. with behavior campaign:
Engineering APS savings alone:
… with behavior campaign:34 kWh
49 kWh 57 kWh
84 kWh
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
PARTICIPANT FEEDBACK
Advanced power strips, by site• No major productivity issues• Lowest “acceptance” rate 69%
Computer power mgmt., by site• Technology disrupted
productivity for some specific user types
• Sites without technical issues had high acceptance rates: >77%
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
LESSONS FROM THE FIELDComputer power management was initially resisted at most sites.
• Upside: an energy champion• Downside: incompatible software
Even “foolproof” equipment can be misused• Upside: 90% of users had no issues• Downside: some users inadvertently caused
malfunction
Users don’t always plug equipment back in the same outlet• Upside: majority of plugs were never touched• Downside: issue primarily occurred with laptops
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• We see evidence of loads moving away from the workstation, but significant load remains.
• Tier 2 APS work well.
• Computer power management works even better, but…
• There’s value in discussing behavior.
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REDUCTION OF COMMERCIAL PLUG LOADS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project was supported in part by a grant from the Minnesota Department of Commerce through the Conservation Applied Research and Development (CARD) program.