ADVANCES IN TURBULENCE V

FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Volume 24

Series Editor: R. MOREAU MADYLAM Ecole Nationale Superieure d' Hydrau/ique de Grenoble Bolte Postale 95 38402 Saint Martin d' Heres Cedex, France

Aims and Scope of the Series

The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a fundamental role.

As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a state of rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modelling techniques.

It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advance­ment. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particulary open to cross fertilisation with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecological engineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains.

The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of a field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.

For a list of related mechanics titles, see final pages.

Advances in Turbulence V Proceedings of the Fifth European Turbulence Conference, Siena, Italy, 5-8 July 1994

Edited by

ROBERTO BENZI Department of Physics, University of Rome 'TorvergattJ'. Rome,Italy

•• SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

European Turbulence Conference (5th : 1994 : Siena, Italy) Advances in turbulence V : procedlngs of the fifth European

Turbulence Conference, Siena, Italy, 5-8 July 1994 I edited by Roberto Benz i,

p. cm. -- (Fluid mechanics and its appl ications ; v. 24) ISBN 978-94-010-4205-5 ISBN 978-94-011-0457-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0457-9 1. Turbulence--Mathematical models--Congresses. I, Benzi, R.

II. Tit 1 e . III. Se r les. TA357.5.T87E95 1994 620.1 '064--dc20 95-10903

ISBN 978-94-010-4205-5

Printed an acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1995 No part ot the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

Relaminarization of a Turbulent Boundary Layer by Suction through a Short Porous Wall Strip R.A. Antonia, Y. Zhu and M. Sokolov

An Estimate of the Pressure-Strain Rate Tensor in a Plane Cylinder Wake

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D. Aronson and L. La/dahl 6

Statistical Properties of Decaying Two-Dimensional Turbulence P. Arroyo, G. Pedrizzetti, C. Vasco and J. Jimenez 11

Modelling of Boundary Layer Flows over Rough Surfaces B. Aupoix 16

Large-Eddy Simulation of Buoyant Plane Plumes R.l.M. Bastiaans, E.M. van Doorn, C. C.M. Rindt, A.A. van Steenhoven and F. T.M. Nieuwstadt 21

Extended Self Similarity and Convective Turbulence R. Benzi, F. Massaioli, S. Succi and R. Tripiccione 26

Spatial Simulations of Oblique Transition in a Boundary Layer S. Berlin, A. Lundbladh, P.l. Schmid and D.S. Henningson 31

Transitional Flow as a Nonlinear Dynamical System M.A. Bon ifo rti, R. Magini and G. Sciortino 36

The Spatio-Temporal Intermittency of the Velocity Field in Low-Resolution Large-Eddy Simulations of Homogeneous Turbulence M. Briscolini and P. Santangelo 41

An Analytical Solution of the Pure Rotation Problem: Rapid Distortion Theory of an Initially Axisymmetric Turbulence A. Cadiou and J. Piquet 47

Experimental Elements for the Characterisation of the Low Pressure Filaments in a 3D Turbulent Shear Flow O. Cadot, S. Douady and Y. Couder 52

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On the Initial Region of Inhomogeneous Coaxial Jets E. Camano and M. Favre-Marinet

Experimental Analysis of Scaling Laws in Low and Moderate Re Grid Generated Turbulence

58

R. Camussi and G. Guj 63

The Effect of a Micellar Friction Reducing Additive on Turbulent Structure in a Pipe Z. Chara, l.L. Zakin, l. My§ka and M. Severa 68

A Transition Toward Developed Turbulence F. Chi/lti, B. Chabaud, A. Naert, l. Peinke, B. Castaing and B. Hebral 73

Boundary Layer Properties in Turbulent Thermal Convection F. ChUla, S. Ciliberto, C. Innocenti and C. Laroche 78

A Physical Model for Merging in 2D Decaying Turbulence G. Cosimelli, G. Riccardi and R. Piva 83

Experiments in a Turbulent Boundary Layer Under an A verse Pressure Gradient l.R. Debisschop and F. T.M. Nieuwstadt 89

Chaotic Behaviour and Mass Transfer Measurement at an Electromagnetically Excited Liquid-liquid Interface F. Deb ray, Y. Fautrelle and F. Dalard 95

Stochastic Theory of Turbulent Boundary Layer H. Dekker, G. de Leeuw and A. Maassen van den Brink 100

Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow for Non-Newtonian Fluids AA Draad and M.A Hulsen 105

Compressible Turbulence and Cosmology B. Dubrulle 111

Large-Eddy Simulation of a Spatially-Developing Boundary Layer F. Ducros and P. Comte 117

Solitary Wave-Turbulence Interaction in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer N. Edwards and S. Mobbs 122

Turbulence Energy Transport in the Presence of Organized Vorticity l. W. Elsner, S. Drobniak and R. Klajny 127

Universal Statistical Behavior of Wiener-Szego Polynomials Associated to Gaussian and Non Gaussian Stochastic Signals

VB

I.-D. Fournier, G. Mantica, D. Mezincescu and D. Bessis 133

Large-Scale Dynamics of the Kolmogorov Flow on the Beta-Plane U. Frisch, B. Legras and B. Villone 138

Mixing Process in Reacting and Non-Reacting Supersonic-Flows W. Gabler, M. Haibel and F. Mayinger 141

Two-Dimensional Isotropic Negative Eddy Viscosity: A Common Phenomenon S. Gama, M. Vergassola and U. Frisch 151

The Effect of an External Cross-Wind on the Turbulent Air-Flow in Sprays S. Ghosh and J.C.R. Hunt 156

Statistical Mechanical Renormalisation Group Calculations for Inhomogeneous Turbulence M.J. Giles 161

Instability of Ring Vortices in Supersonic Impulse Jet V. V. Golub, A.M. Shulmeister and T.A. Bormotova 166

The Mixing Layer Behind a Slanted Trailing Edge H Grundel, R. Spieweg and HE. Fiedler 171

Numerical Simulation of the Velocity Fluctuation and the Interfacial Deformation of Liquid-liquid Dispersed Two-Phase Flow y. Hagiwara 179

Reynolds-Number Effects in Separated Flow P.E. Hancock 184

Bypass Transition and Linear Growth Mechanisms D. Henningson

Identification of Vortices in Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows V. Herbert, M. Larcheveque and C. Staquet

Transverse Structure Functions of Turbulence I.A. Herweijer and W. van de Water

Turbulence Modelling for Aeronautical Applications E.H Hirschel, W. Haase and E. Elsholz

190

205

210

217

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Approximate Wall Boundary Conditions for Large Eddy Simulations G. Hoffmann and C Benocci 222

Effects of Body Forces on Turbulence J. CR. Hunt 229

On the Structure of the Mixing Layer of a Heated Supersonic Transversal Jet L. Jacquin, P. Geffroy, R. Gaillard and G. Losfeld 236

Mixing of a Heated Supersonic Jet with a Supersonic Parallel Stream L. Jacquin, S. Mistral, P. Geffroy and F. Cruaud 241

Experimental Study of the Rotating Disk Flow Instability S. Jarre, P. Le Gal and M.P. Chauve 246

The Hierarchy of One-Point Closures and the Modelling of Rotational Effects A. V. Johansson 251

Coherent Structures in Two-Dimensional Turbulent Jets B. Jilttner, A. Thess and J. Sommeria 256

The Influence of Free-Stream Turbulence on an Axisymmetric Turbulent Boundary Layer in, and Relaxing from, an Adverse Pressure Gradient M. Kalter and HH Fernholz 261

Turbulence Structure of a Stably Stratified Grid-Generated Flow T. Kanzaki and Y. Ichikawa 266

The Turbulent, Radial Wall Jet - Effect of Impinging Jet Conditions K. Knowles and M. Myszko 271

Some Experimental Results from a Decelerated Mixing Layer O. Konig and HE. Friedler 276

Boundary Layer Transition Induced by a Von Karman Vortex Street Wake N.K. Kyriakides, K. Fotea, E.G. Kastrinakis, A. Goulas aild S.G. Nychas 281

A Model for Inhomogeneous Turbulence Based on Two-Point Correlations A. Laporta and J.P. Bertoglio 286

Direct Numerical Simulation of Rotating Mixing Layer T.H Le, P. Sagaut, K. Dang-Tran and C Cam bon 298

Three Dimensional Hot Wire Measurements Behind a Swept Backward Facing Step E. Le Huu Nho and C Beguier 303

ix

Velocity Gradients Depending Quantities in Turbulent Grid Flow G. Lemon is, T. Dracos and A. Tsinober 308

Two-Point Closure Approach to Rotating Turbulence Subjected to Axisymmetric Distortions O. Leuchter and J.P. Bertoglio 314

The First Steps of the Transition to Turbulence in the Wake of a Ring and Their Modelling by the Ginzburg-Landau Equation T. Leweke and M. Provansal 319

Large-Eddy Simulation of Counter-Rotating Vortices in a Boundary Layer J. Liu, U. Piomelli and P.R. Spalart 324

Measurement of the Enstrophy and the Vorticy Vector in a Plane Cylinder Wake Using a Spectral Method L. La/dahl, B. Johansson and J. Bergh 330

Small Silicon Pressure Transducers for the Determination of the Longitudinal Space-Time Correlation of Wall Pressure Fluctuations L. La/dahl, E. Kiilvesten and G. Stemme 335

Direct Simulation of Scalar Mixing in a Compressible Mixing Layer K.H. Luo and N.D. Sandham 340

Reynolds Stress Distribution Around a Large-Scale Coherent Vortex in a Turbulent Boundary Layer H. Makita and K. Sassa 346

Direct Numerical Simulations of a Turbulent Jet Interacting with a Free Surface N. Mangiavacchi, R. Gundlapalli and R. Akhavan 351

Coherent Structures in Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow over a Hemisphere M. Manhart, H. Wengle 357

Conditional Velocity pdf: New Results M. Marchand, Y. Gagne and B. Castaing 362

Longitudinal Vortices in the Rotating Channel Flow Due to Coriolis Force G. Marliani, M. Matzkeit and V. Vasanta Ram 367

Turbulent Mixing Investigated by Laser Induced Fluorescence G.J. Merkel, T. Dracos, P. Rys and F.S. Rys 372

Numerical Simulation of Coherent Structures Inclined Two-Phase Pipe Flows S.D. Mobbs and P. Seguin 377

x

Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flows Over a Swept Backward-Facing Step P. Moinat and M. Lesieur 382

Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulence Structure at a Wavy-Sheared Air-Water Interface R. Nagaosa and S. Komori 387

Local Isotropy of the Vorticity Field in a Boundary Layer at High Reynolds Number L. Ong and J. Wallace 392

Dynamic Behavior of Hot-Wire Probes in Turbulent Boundary Layers J.M. Osterlund and A. V. Johansson 398

Mixing of a Turbulent Round Buoyant Jet in Cross Flow J.N.E. Papaspyros, P.N. Papanicolaou, E.G. Kastrinakis and s.G. Nychas 403

Vortex Tubes in Homogeneous Turbulence T. Passot, H. Politano, P.L. Sulem, J.R. Angilella and M. Meneguzzi 408

Wavelet Analysis of the Turbulent Near-Field of a Coaxial Jet P. Petagna, J. Lewalle and G. Buresti 413

Correction to Taylor's Hypothesis in Swirling Flows J.-F. Pinton and R. Labbe 418

Turbulent Mixing of a Scalar in Three-Dimensions A. Pumir 423

Convective and Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities in Stratified Fluids J.M. Redondo, M.A. Sanchez, J. Garriga and R. Castilla 428

Properties of Dynamical Systems Describing the Evolution of Coherent Structures in a Transitional Boundary Layer D.Rempfer 435

Particle-Flow Interactions in the Near Wall Region of a Turbulent Open Channel Flow M. Righetti and G.P. Romano

On Fractal Features of Diffusion Field in a Turbulent Jet y. Sakai, 1. Nakamura, S. Liu and K. Nakata

Nonlinear Energy Density Transfer in Plane Poiseuille Flow P.J. Schmid and D.S. Henningson

440

445

450

xi

Turbulent Free and Impinging Heated Jets with Swirl S. Seitanis, H. Stapountzis and A. Goulas 455

Characterization of Turbulent Properties in Relation with BubblelDrop Breakup Process R. Senhaji, A. Abdelqari and J.M Rosant 460

Large Eddy Simulations of Shear Flows: Mixing Layers M Si Ameur and J.P. Chollet 465

Three-Dimensional Transition of the Vorticity Created by an Impacting Water Drop L. Sigurdson and B. Peck 470

Revisiting Compressible Homogeneous Shear Flow at Finite Mach Number by Means of Rapid Distortion Theory A. Simone and C. Cambon 476

Measurement and Modelling of the Anisotropic Dissipation and Slow Pressure-Strain in Homogeneous Turbulence T. Sjogren and A. V. Johansson 486

The Spatial Structure of Intense Foci in a Time-Developing Three-Dimensional Plane Wake J. Soria, MS. Chong and A. Ooi 491

The Development of Three-Dimensionality in the Wake of a Circular Cylinder M. Thompson, K. Hourigan and J. Sheridan 496

Structures in Turbulent Plane Couette Flow Obtained from Correlation Measurements N. Tillmark and P.H. Alfredsson 502

Strongly Localized Events in Laboratory Turbulent Flows A. Tsinober and H. Vaisburd 508

Statistics of Temperature Increments in Fully Developed Turbulence S. Vaienti, M Ould-Rouis, F. Anselmet, P. Le Gal and J. Dusek 514

A Preliminary Study on the Formation of Elongated Vortices in Turbulence R. Verzicco, J. Jimenez and P. Orlandi 519

On the Taylor Hypothesis in Unsteady Wall Layers P. Vezin, S. Tardu, P. Da Costa and G. Binder 524

xu

Fast Bimolecular Reactions in High Reynolds Number Turbulence: Structure of the Reactive Interface and Surface of Reaction E. Villermaux 529

Large Deviations and a Quantitative Theory of the Small Scales in Fully Developed Turbulence C. Voigt 534

Comparison of Subgrid-Models in LES of the Compressible Mixing Layer B. Vreman, H. Kuerten and B. Geurts 539

Turbulent Flow in a Sudden Pipe Expansion C. Wagner and R. Friedrich 544

Bursts and Low-Reynolds-Number Effects in Turbulent Boundary Layers P.S. Westbury and 1.F. Morrison 549

Statistics of Turbulence Between Two Counter-Rotating Disks in Low Temperature Helium Gas H. Willaime, F. Belin, I. Maurer, P. Tabeling and G. Zocchi 554

Oblique Wave Resonance in the Far Wake c.H.K. Williamson and A. Prasad 559

Eddy-Viscosity of Three-Dimensional Flow A. Wirth, S. Gama and U. Frisch 565

DNS of Transitional Flow around a Square Cylinder I. G. Wissink 569

Bypass Transition under Turbulence: From Simulation to Modelling Z. Yang, P.R. Voke and A.M. Savill 574

Experimental Study of a Shearless Turbulent Mixing Layer Subjected to Solid Body Rotation I. Yvon, M. Michard and l.-P. Bertoglio 580

LES of High Intensity Electric Arcs S. Zahrai, C. Delalondre, 0. Simonin and D. Andersson 586

Acoustically Driven Chaotic Oscillations of Gas Bubbles in Liquids D. Zardi and G. Seminara 591

PREFACE

Under the auspices of the Euromech Committee, the Fifth European Turbulence Conference was held in Siena on 5-8 July 1994. Following the previous ETC meeting in Lyon (1986), Berlin (1988), Stockholm (1990) and Delft (1992), the Fifth ETC was aimed at providing a review of the fundamental aspects of turbulence from a theoretical, numerical and experimental point of view.

In the magnificent town of Siena, more than 250 scientists from all over the world, spent four days discussing new ideas on turbulence. As a research worker in the field of turbulence, I must say that the works presented at the Conference, on which this book is based, covered almost all areas in this field. I also think that this book provides a major opportunity to have a complete overview of the most recent research works.

I am extremely grateful to Prof. C. Cercignani, Dr. M. Loffredo, and Prof. R. Piva who, as members of the local organizing committee, share the success of the Conference. I also want to thank Mrs. Liu' Catena, for her invaluable contribution to the work done by the local organizing committee and the European Turbulence Committee in the scientific organization of the meeting. The "Servizio Congressi" of the University of Siena provided perfect organization in Siena and wonderful hospitality. The Conference has been supported by CNR, Cira, Alenia, the Universities of Rome "Tor Vergata" and "La Sapienza".

Roberto Benzi

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