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Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap

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Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

2 .2 . Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic InstrumentationUsed widely in the O & G IndustryUsed widely in the O & G Industry No ignition sourceNo ignition source

Types :Types : Pressure transmitterPressure transmitter measures pressure, flow,measures pressure, flow,level and temperaturelevel and temperatureBasic Math'sBasic Math's Add , subtract, Sq. Root extraction Add , subtract, Sq. Root extractionChart RecordersChart Recorders

PID controllersPID controllers

3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap

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Typical Pneumatic Transmitter

Moving PartsRequires Clean airBulky TubingSignal Delay & LeaksZero/Span interaction

Only Linear applicationsRequires Signal processing

Springloaded valve

Diaphragmassembly

Relay Unit

Baffle

20 ± 100kPa

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Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation

3 .3 . Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Advances in Sensor, Op Advances in Sensor, Op- -Amps ,Transistor & IS circuits Amps ,Transistor & IS circuitsOutput SignalOutput Signal De facto standard 4 to 20 mADe facto standard 4 to 20 mA

4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation5.5. Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the Future6.6. RecapRecap

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Z ero/Span interaction

Linear applications

Limited Non±Linear use

Requires Signal processing

One-way communication

Analogue Electronic Transmitter

4 ± 20 mA

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Advancement of Instrumentation Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 YearsTechnology over the last 50 Years

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation

4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital InstrumentationMass production IC Technology i.e. VVLSIMass production IC Technology i.e. VVLSI

Analogue sensor & Amplifier, A/D Convertor Analogue sensor & Amplifier, A/D ConvertorScaling factor, Linearization, Real world data etcScaling factor, Linearization, Real world data etcHART protocolHART protocol

5.5. Future InstrumentationFuture Instrumentation6.6. RecapRecap

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Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation

No Z ero/Span interaction

Non ±Linear applications

No Signal processing required (if digital output signal is used)

Multi-Drop Networking Capability(This concept is fully exploited in FieldbusInstrumentation)

Two-way digital communication

Interface with Asset ManagementSoftware (AMS )

Multi-variable instruments

4-20mA & H A RT

Microprocessor

Configuration

Units

Ranging (zero/Span)

Filtering

Diagnostics

Communications

HartCommunicator

HA RT Signal

ProcessControlSystem

4-20 mA

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Advancement of Instrumentation Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 YearsTechnology over the last 50 Years

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. Pneumatic InstrumentationPneumatic Instrumentation3.3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation Analogue Electronic Instrumentation4.4. Digital InstrumentationDigital Instrumentation

5 .5 . Instrumentation of the FutureInstrumentation of the FutureWireless Instrumentation Technically MatureWireless Instrumentation Technically Mature

Resolved almost all negative factors of its predecessorsResolved almost all negative factors of its predecessorsWireless Hart protocolWireless Hart protocol

Limitations of wireless instrumentationLimitations of wireless instrumentation

6.6. RecapRecap

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W ireless Instrumentation Network

Battery power capacity is a major setback that is

the limiting the use of Wireless technology.

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Energy Scavenging (aka Energy Harvesting)

RF signal towireless gateway

Hot Oil flowing in Pipeline

PowerManagementunit

Sensor/Lowpoweramplifier

Digitalelectronics

RFmodule

E nergyScavengingWirelessPressureTrans m itter

Heat Dissipationto cooler Am bientTe m perature

Processim pulseline

Peltierpowerchip

Connecting leads

Thermoelectric Generation (TEG)Temperature Gradients are used togenerate electricity.

Seebeck effect Peltier effect

Mechano-Electric Generation (MEG)Vibrations from running equipment is usedto generate electricity.

Piezoelectric effectT ypical Futuristic Instrumentation with Energy Scavenging

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Advancement of InstrumentationTechnology over the last 50 Years

8 0 to 9 0¶ s

A dvances in A nalogueE lectronics viz. Op -

Am ps

Intrinsically safeCircuitry

A nalogue Instru m entsCoils & Magnets ±(Force Balance Principle)

0 - 10 V0 ± 5 V4 ± 20 mA

9 0 to 2000¶ s

A dvances in Digital;Technology viz.

LSI , VLSI , VVLSI

Microprocessor/ SOCtechnologies

S m art, solid state,User configurableInstru m ents.

4-20 mA withFSK H A RT Protocol

Foundation Fieldbus

2000 and beyond

Wireless data

trans m ission,

E nergy Scavenging

WirelessInstru m entation

Multivariable

Wireless signalTrans m ission

Intelligent nodes tosupport m eshnetworks.

Ti m e Fra m es

Pre - Cursors

Instru m entTechnology

SignalTrans m ission

7 0 to 8 0¶ s

Ex cellence in m assproduction of pneu m atic co m ponents.

Pneu m atic Instru m entsPneu m atic Relays(Force Balance Principle)

20 ± 100 KPaor

3 -1 5 psi

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Q uestionsQ uestions ??