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2012 VIBES Corp Page
Learn About Vibration
Volume 2: Advanced Vibration Analysis
As a licensed BC distributor for DLI Engineering Inc. for several years in the past VIBES Corp is pleased to share
some of the knowledge that was part of our upgrading courses.
VIBES Corp uses DLI Engineering vibration data collectors and software to solve vibration problems in our
everyday service work.
This article contains sections of the Training Manual titled:
VIBRATION and the SPECTRUMand also a
VIBRATION Reference Guide
The following information is meant for sharing knowledge in the science and technology to help the reader
understand advanced vibration analysis technology and the reports submitted by any vibration specialists.
Presented by: Garrett Sandwell, MET, CVA
VIBES Corp President / GM
January 2011
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Introduction to VIBES Corp
Why work with us?VIBES Corp's reputation was built and established on thousands of promises fulfilled over 30 years in businessacross Canada. Superior quality service, sales and training courses provided on the intelligent specialist levelhas been the standard and always will be since our vibration and balancing business was formed in Calgary, AB,in 1982. In the final real-time analysis VIBES Corp will deliver more value and peace of mind.
What do we do?Factory trained and specialists on HVAC, fans, blowers, cooling towers, compressors, pumps, motors, industrial
rotors.
FlaktWoods Varofoils and Aerofoils, Sheldons Axico, Aerovent, Novenco, New York Blower, Chicago Blower,Canadian/Buffalo Blower, CML Northern Blower, Joy Axivane, Twin City, Alphair, Allied Blower, MarkhotVarivane, Loren Cook, BAC, Evapco, Marley, Hudson, Hoffman, Spencer, Baldor, Reliance, Trane, Carrier,Eng.Air, Haakon, Tri-Metal, Pace, WEG, Leeson, GEC, GE, Emerson, Westinghouse, Toshiba, Siemens, Delhi,Penn, Acme, Armstrong Pumps, Bell & Gossett Pumps, Misc. Pumps and most other types of rotating machinery
What do we sell?(Note: We can not produce a catalogue large enough to show all products so please see our home page atwww.vibescorp.cafor info on specific items)
magnetic adjustable speed drives and soft starts FLUXDRIVE Magnetic ASD couplings and sheaves
factory or OEM replacementfans,motors,custom rotor parts - new and re-manufacture
vibration measurement, monitoring, electronic stethoscope meters and protection instruments-Balmacvibration transmitters and sensors,Balmac meters,Balmac switches,Murphy switches,SPM
machinery vibration isolation products -Lo-Rez,misc.
magnetic adjustable speed drives, sheaves, soft starts & couplings
specialty lubrication and synthetic bearing grease -MetalonandKluber
hand held measurement instruments and tools- Flir, TES, Easy-Laser, Accutrak, Hedland, Shimpo,
NovaStrobe, Raytek, Dwyer, Extech, Reed, Airboxx, Bacharach, Check-line, Leica, Phase 2, Prova, Beta,misc.
specialty seals -Inpro-Seal
The machinery under our professional PdM programs = ACCU-GUARD PdM Programs (TM) are treated as if ourown. We use proven technologies and methodologies along with our multi-technical and electro-mechanical(VIV, VPM, CPM, VFD, EIBD, etc.) training, skills, and experiences for total overall analysis and evaluations.When the total analyzed facts about a machine, motor or engine are known we formulate a true condition reportand recommend the best possible solutions. We work with clients to organize necessary actions in order of
urgency or budgets.
http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/inpro-seal/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/kluber/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lubrication-and-grease/metalon/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lo-rez/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/murphy/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-switches/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-meters/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/vibration-transmitters-and-sensors/balmac/http://www.vibescorp.ca/testing-instruments-and-tools/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ac-dc-industrial-motors/baldor-reliance/http://www.vibescorp.ca/industrial-fans/http://www.vibescorp.ca/fluxdrive/http://www.vibescorp.ca/ -
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Where do we work?Our service area is mainly Southern BC mainland and the Vancouver Island. As requested we can service otherareas in Western Canada. Sales territories are Canada and USA depending on the products.
Who have we worked with?VIBES Corp service capabilities have been used and accepted by high-ranking officials in:
other servicecompanies
manufacturing andprocessing
engineering firms
universities colleges
hospitals
governmentagencies
oil and gas
transportation and
construction commercial towers
agricultural
mining
ski hills
marine
aircraft
lumber
pulp and paper
research anddevelopment
test equipment and
military from
Ontario to BritishColumbia
We take due diligence to the highest level on all projects regardless of size or budget.
Do we offer training?Yes. In the sales department VIBES Corp represents and offers training courses in technologies and qualityproducts that we use, are industry-trusted and relate to improved machinery, engine, electric motors health andperformance, energy savings and preventative maintenance. Examples:
Vibration Monitoring & Trending
Laser Shaft Alignment
Fan & Motor Maintenance Training
Bearing Maintenance & Precision Installation
Accu-Guard PdM Program (TM)
Dynamic Balancing Agricultural Machinery ON-SITE
Learn moreYou can download all catalogues and educational articles from our home page atwww.vibescorp.ca.Here arethree recent articles:
Learn About Vibration, Volume 1: Basic Understanding of Machinery Vibrationatwww.vibescorp.ca/lav1
Electrically Induced Bearing Damage ("EIBD") / Shaft Currentsatwww.vibescorp.ca/eibd
Failure Prevention of Variable Pitch in Motion Axial Fansathttp://www.vibescorp.ca/af
Please review our full range of services, sales and training courses information on our website atwww.vibescorp.ca.Wed be please to provide additional detailed project references and user lists on request.
Contact usWe look forward to your calls or emails at all times and offer 24/7 emergency service.
Yours in Serious Service,
Garrett Sandwell, MET, CVA
http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/http://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/afhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibdhttp://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1http://www.vibescorp.ca/ -
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Vibration Sources Identification Guide
NOTE: There are several additional detailed articles that identify more complicated vibration sources at the Vibes Corp website titled:
1)LEARN ABOUT VIBRATION VOLUME 1: BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF MACHINERY VIBRATION athttp://www.vibescorp.ca/lav1
2)LEARN ABOUT ELECTRICALLY INDUCED BEARING DAMAGE & SHAFT CURRENTSathttp://www.vibescorp.ca/eibd
CAUSE FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE PHASE COMMENTS
Unbalance 1 x RPMHighest in RadialDirection-Proportionalto Unbalance
Single Mark(Steady)
A common cause of vibration.
Defective Anti-Friction Bearings
Very High-Often From10 to 100 x RPM
Use Velocity Unstable
Velocity readings are highest at defective bearing.
As failure approaches, the amplitude of the velocity signal wilincrease and its f requency will decrease. Cage frequency is
approximately 0.6 x RPM x number elements.
Misalignment of
Coupling or Bearing1, 2 or 3 x RPM
High Axial
Axial 50% or more ofRadial
Often 2, Sometimes
1 or 3
Use phase analysis to determine relative movement ofmachine or bearings. Use a dial indicator if possible. Often
diagnosed as a bent shaft.Can be caused by misalignment of V belts.
Sleeve Bearing 1 x RPM
Not Large
Use DisplacementMode Up to 6000 CPM
Single ReferenceMark
May appear to be unbalanced. Shaft and bearing amplitude
should be taken. If shaft vibration is larger than the bearing,vibration amplitude indicates clearance.
Bent Shaft 1 or 2 x RPM High Axial 1 or 2 Similar to misalignment. Use phase analysis.
Defective GearsHigh No. Gear Teeth xRPM
Radial Unsteady
Use velocity measurement. Often affected by misalignment.Generally accompanied by side band frequency. Pitting,
scuffing and fractures are often caused by torsionalvibrations. Frequency sometimes as high as 1 million CPM or
more.
Mechanical Looseness2 x RPMSometimes1 x RPM
Proportional toLooseness
1 or 2Check movement of mounting bolts in relation to the machinebase. Difference between base and machine indicates amounof looseness.
Defective Drive Belts 1 or 2 x Belt Speed ErraticUse Strobe to Freeze
Belt in OSC Mode
Calculate the belt RPM using:
Look for cracks, hard spots, soft spots or lumps. Loose belt.
Changes with belt tension.
Electrical
1 or 2 x LineFrequency (3600 or7200 CPM for 60Hz
Power) May appear at1 x RPM
Usually Low1 or 2 Marks
Sometimes Slipping
Looks like mechanical unbalance until power is removed.
Then drops dramatically.
Oil Whip 45 - 55% RPM Radial Unsteady Unstable
Caused by excessive clearance in sleeve bearings or by
underloaded bearings. Will change with viscosity of oil(temperature).
Hydraulic-
Aerodynamic
No. Blades or Vanes x
RPMErratic Unsteady May excite resonance problems.
Beat Frequency Near 1 x RPM Variable at Beat RateRotates at BeatFrequency
Caused by two machines, mounted on same base, running atclose to same RPM.
Resonance Specific Criticals HighSingle ReferenceMark
Phase will shift 180 going through resonance (90 atresonance). Amplitude will peak at resonance. Resonance inframe can be removed by changing rotor operating speed orby changing the stiffness of the structure.
Pulley Diameter x 3.141
Belt Lengthx Pulley RPMBelt RPM =
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