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Advanced Systems Tester 900AST Series Calibration Verification Procedure

Instructions

February 2006 78-8135-6236-6-A

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Table of Contents

Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................3

Test Instruments Required ........................................................................................................................................3

Test Components Required .......................................................................................................................................3

Test Procedure ...........................................................................................................................................................3 Self-Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................3 DC Volts .............................................................................................................................................................3 AC Volts ..............................................................................................................................................................4 Ohms ..................................................................................................................................................................4 Capitance ............................................................................................................................................................5 ID Tone ...............................................................................................................................................................5 TDR ....................................................................................................................................................................6 Precision Resistance Measurements ...................................................................................................................7 Special Resistance / Resistive Balance ..........................................................................................................9 Contact Resistance .........................................................................................................................................9

Appendix A .............................................................................................................................................................10

Appendix B .............................................................................................................................................................11

Appendix C .............................................................................................................................................................15

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IntroductionThis document is a procedure to verify the calibration of the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST.An internal software calibration function is provided in the 900AST tester for self-calibration of internal circuits and test leads. This should be run on a periodic basis, or after lead replacement. To ensure the maximum accuracy this internal self calibration should be run using the same adapters at the ends of the test leads as those that will be used during measurements. The procedure contained in this document is provided only as an assurance to the customer that the 900AST tester is functioning within its specified precision limits. If any of the results of these tests fail to fall within the limits given, the instrument should be returned to 3M for service. Before equipment is sent in for repair, upgrade, and/or calibration, you must first get a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from the 3M Repair & Service Center. Please contact your 3M Repair & Service Center Customer Service Representative, toll-free, by dialing (800) 426-8688 and pressing option #2, for test equipment upgrades, calibration, or warranty service.

Test Instruments RequiredThe following test instruments or their equivalent are required to run the 900AST tester functional verification procedure.

• Agilent 34401A 6-1/2 Digit Multimeter (DMM) or equivalent

• Agilent 11059A Kelvin Probe Set or equivalent

• Agilent 33220A 20 MHz Function Generator / Arbitrary Waveform Generator or equivalent

• Tektronix 1502C Metallic TDR Cable Tester or equivalent

• Tektronix TDS 220 two channel oscilloscope or equivalent

• RFL Industries Model 828 AC/DC V-A Source or equivalent

Test Components RequiredThe following components are required for this 900AST tester Calibration Verification Procedure.

• Resistor Network for Verifying RFL/Contact Resistance/Special Resistance, see Appendix A.

• Capacitor film Mkt 1.0 μF 250VDC 1% radial lead

• Capacitor Panasonic –ECG 0.01 μF (10 nF) 100V PPS film ECHS radial lead (Digikey P/N PS1103J-ND)

• Precision Metal Film 1% tolerance +/-50ppm/˚C 0.6W axial lead Resistors, one each: 135, 10.0K and 1.00M Ohm.

• Optional: Precision Metal Film 1% tolerance +/-50ppm/˚C 0.6W axial lead Resistors, one each: 1.00K, 100K, 10.0M and 115M Ohm.

• 20 feet RG62A/U 93 Ohm coax with Male BNC on one end. Other end is open.

• One double female BNC coupler.

Test ProcedureSelf CalibrationRun the internal self-calibration.

Note: To ensure the maximum accuracy of the 900AST tester the internal self calibration must be run using the same adapters at the ends of the test leads as those that will be used during measurements.

• With the unit on, press the “tool” key (4).• Cursor up as necessary to highlight “Self

Calibrate” and press the “Enter” key.• Short all 5 leads together. • Press “Enter”.• Wait for Calibration to complete

(Approximately 2 minutes).

Complete?

Self Calibration

DC VoltsVerify two DC voltage measurements:

• Select Volts function (blue key 1)• Ensure DC Volts is selected.• Set the RFL Model 828 source for 2.0 VDC.• With the source de-energized, connect the red

and black leads of the 900AST tester and the DMM (in parallel) to the source.

• Select OPERATE on the source and verify the DC voltage on the 900AST tester with that measured with the DMM

• De-energize the source• Change the source to 48 VDC.• Select OPERATE on the source and verify the

DC voltage on the 900AST test set with that measured with the DMM

• De-energize the source.• Change the source to 120 VDC (1K Volts,

scale factor 0.120).• Select OPERATE on the source and verify

the DC voltage on the 900AST unit with that measured with the DMM

• De-energize the source.• Change the source to 250 VDC (1K Volts,

scale factor 0.250).• Select OPERATE on the source and verify

the DC voltage on the 900AST unit with that measured with the DMM

• De-energize the source.

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Input[VDC]

Lower Limit[VDC]

Measured Value

Upper Limit[VDC]

�.0 1.5 �.5

�8.0 �7.0 �9.0

1�0.0 116.� 1�3.6

�50.0 ���.5 �57.5

AC VoltsVerify two AC voltage measurements:

• Select Volts function (blue key 1)• Ensure AC volts is selected.• Set the RFL Model 828 source for 20.0 Vrms 60 Hz VDC.• With the source de-energized, connect the red and black leads of the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester

900AST and the DMM (in parallel) to the source.• Select OPERATE on the source and verify the AC voltage on the 900AST tester with that measured

with the DMM.• Repeat measurement for 400 Hz.• Set the source to 200.0 Vrms 60 Hz.• Select OPERATE on the source and verify the AC voltage on the 900AST tester with that measured

with the DMM.• Repeat measurement for 400 Hz.• De-energize the source.

InputLower Limit

[Vrms]Measured

ValueUpper Limit

[Vrms]

�0.0 Vrms 60 Hz +/- 6 Hz 19.3 �0.7

�00 Vrms 60 Hz +/- 6 Hz 19� �06

�0.0 Vrms �00 Hz +/- �0 Hz 19.3 �0.7

�00 Vrms �00 Hz +/- �0 Hz 19� �06

OhmsFor resistance verification, the readings of the 900AST test set for three resistors are compared with those measured with the DMM.

• Using the DMM measure and record the actual value of a 135, 10K and 1M ohm metal film resistor.• Calculate the 900AST unit's tolerance on these resistors using the table below:

Approximate Resistance

[Ohms]

DMM Value, R [Ohms]

Calculate Lower Limit

[Ohms]

Lower Limit [Ohms]

DMM Value, R [Ohms]

Calculate Upper Limit

[Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

135 x 0.99 - 5 = x 1.01 + 5 =

10K x 0.99 = x 1.01 =

1M x 0.97 = x 1.03 =

• Select Ohms (Blue key 3) on the 900AST tester.• Verify that the 900AST test set's measured value of each resistor is within the calculated range

determined from the value measured with the DMM.

Approximate Resistance

[Ohms]

Lower Limit [Ohms]

Measured Value

[Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

135

10K

1M

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Additional accuracy ranges can be verified, but are not necessary as the same hardware is used for all resistance measurements.

OPTIONAL:• Using the DMM measure and record the actual value of a 1K, 100K, 10M and 150M ohm metal film

resistor.• Calculate the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST's tolerance on these resistors using the table below:

Optional

Approximate Resistance

[Ohms]

DMM Value, R [Ohms]

Calculate Lower Limit

[Ohms]

Lower Limit [Ohms]

DMM Value, R [Ohms]

Calculate Upper Limit

[Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

1K x 0.99 - 5 = x 1.01 + 5 =

100K x 0.97 = x 1.03 =

10M x 0.95 = x 1.05 =

150M x 0.90 = x 1.10 =

• Select Ohms (Blue key 3) on the 900AST tester.• Verify that the 900AST tester measured value of each resistor is within 1% +/- 5 ohms of that measured

with the DMM.

Optional

Approximate Resistance

[Ohms]

Lower Limit [Ohms]

DMM Value, R [Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

1K

100K

10M

150M

CapacitanceFor capacitance verification two precision (2% or better) capacitors are used to verify the readings of the 900AST tester.

• Select Capacitance function (blue key 5) on the 900AST tester.• Verify that the measured value of each capacitor is within 10% of its value.

Capacitance Low LimitMeasured

ValueHigh Limit

10 nF 9 nF 11 nF

1 μF 0.9 μF 1.1 μF

ID ToneFor ID Tone the 900AST tester ID outputs a nominal 8 Vp-p square wave under no load with approximately 50% duty cycle, at the selected frequency in two bursts, each nominal 80 ms long, spaced about 80 ms apart. This dual burst is repeated approximately every 560 ms.

Note: Because the ID tone is not continuous, a frequency counter cannot be used.

• On the oscilloscope set horizontal scale to 250 μs/div. sweep. On the CH1 menu select Coupling DC, BW Limit Off, Volts/Div Coarse. Select 2.00 V/div. On the MEASURE menu select CH1 Freq. On the Trigger menu select Edge Video, slope Rising, Source CH1, Mode Single, Coupling DC.

• Connect the red and black leads of the 900AST tester to Channel 1. Note that since the 900AST tester is isolated either lead can be connected to ground. Reversing the leads will affect the DC offset, but not the frequency reading.

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• Select the ID Tone function (blue key 6) and verify that the selected frequency is 577 Hz. Press “Enter” to start the ID tone.

• Verify that the square wave frequency is 577 Hz +/- 1 Hz. In order to obtain a good frequency measurement several samples may need to be taken by pressing the RUN/STOP button until a square wave is captured.

ID Tone Low Limit[Hz]

MeasuredFrequency

[Hz]

High Limit[Hz]

577 Hz 576 578

TDRIn order to measure the distance to a fault by locating the cursor at the start of the reflected pulse, the start of the rising edge of the start pulse must be at 0.0 inches. If it is not, then the procedure in Appendix B should be used to re-calibrate the TDR start pulse.

• Plug the supplied six foot coaxial test lead in the red/black jacks. Leave the BNC end disconnected.• Select the TDR function (blue key 9) and enter TDR setup. Select the wire type as coaxial. Select the

Gauge as RG-8. Select ‘First Length’ as ‘Minimum’.• Start the TDR. If the base of the open circuit is at 0.0” (left edge of the display), no adjustment is

required. The image below shows a TDR that requires no adjustment since the base of the pulse is a 0.0”.

• If the base of the open circuit is not at 0.0” then re-calibrate its location using the procedure in Appendix B.

Since the Vp of a wire in a cable bundle is specific to that cable, the verification of TDR is done with a twenty foot long 93 Ohm coaxial cable whose Vp has been determined by the Tektronix 1502C Metallic TDR Cable Tester.

Determine Vp of 20 foot coaxial cable:• Turn on the Tektronix 1502C Metallic TDR Cable Tester, set the dist/div to 5.0 feet. As a preliminary

value, set the Vp to 0.84.• Adjust the <> position control until the cursor is at the start of the rising portion of the start pulse.• Zero the meter by selecting “horiz” and pressing the “store” button.• Connect the 20 foot coaxial cable to the Tektronix 1502C Metallic TDR Cable Tester.• Move the cursor to exactly 20 feet and adjust the Vp until the cursor is at the start of the rising portion

of the reflected TDR pulse.• Remove the cable and verify that the start of the rising portion of the start pulse is still at 0.0 feet.• If not, repeat the above.• Record the Vp.

Measure the length of the cable with the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST with 3ns Pulse:• Plug the supplied six foot coaxial cable into the 900AST red-black input. Plug the BNC of the 20’

coaxial cable into the six foot coaxial cable.

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• Turn on the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST, select the TDR (blue key 9) and go into setup.• Select coaxial cable, and set the Vp to that previously measured by the 1502C and press “Enter”.• Select “Single Trace” and press “Enter”.• Select the 384” range. This will automatically use a 3ns pulse.• Move the cursor to the start of the rising portion of the reflected pulse. Record this distance reading.

3ns TDR Low Limit [inches]

Measured Value

High Limit [inches]

Vp of �0’ cable (~0.8�)

Test lead + �0’ cable �35 ��5

Measure the length of the cable with the 900AST test set using a 5ns Pulse:

• Continuing from the previous, 3ns measurement, press the left-right arrow key until “Pulse” is displayed at the bottom of the screen.

• Using the up-arrow key change the pulse width to 5ns.• Move the cursor to the start of the rising portion of the reflected pulse. Record this distance reading.• Move the curser to 0.0 in.• Verify that this is the start of the rising edge of the pulse.

5ns TDRLow Limit [inches]

Measured Value

High Limit [inches]

Vp of �0’ cable (~0.8�)

Test lead + �0’ cable, 5ns Pulse �35 ��5

Passed

With test lead only, start of risingedge of 5ns pulse is at 0.0 inches

Precision Resistance MeasurementsThe same 900AST tester internal circuits are used for Resistive Fault Locate (RFL), Special Resistance (also called Resistive Balance), and Contact Resistance, therefore it is not necessary to verify both RFL and Resistive Balance.

Note: To achieve the accuracy specification, the lead adapters used during 900AST tester internal self calibration must be the same as used during these tests.

• Using the Agilent 34401A 6-1/2 Digit Multimeter in 4 wire resistance mode, with Agilent 11059A Kelvin Probe Set measure and record the values of the resistances in the table below of the Resistor Network for Verifying RFL/Contact Resistance/Special Resistance (See appendix A).

1K Ohm

C

A

BD

Ten 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.100 Ohms

Two 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.500 Ohms

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

ooo

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ParameterMeasurement

Points

Approximate Value

[Ohms]

DMM Measured

Value[Ohms]

RTS (Resistance to Strap) B to C 0.600

RTF (Resistance to Fault) B to D 0.100

Rf (Fault Resistance) A to D 1K

Resistive Fault Locate (RFL)Verify that the RFL values of the Resistor Network for Verifying RFL/Contact Resistance/Special Resistance fall within the specified limits.

• From the resistance values above use the table below to determine the acceptable RFL lower and upper limits.

ParameterApproximate

Value [Ohms]

DMM Measured

Value [Ohms]

Lower Limit Tolerance:

[Ohms]

Lower Limit

[Ohms]

DMM Measured

Value[Ohms]

Upper Limit Tolerance:

[Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

RTS (B-C) 0.600 - 0.010 = - 0.010 =

RTF (B-D) 0.100 - 0.010 = - 0.010 =

Rf (A-D) 1.00K - 15 = - 15 =

Make the RFL measurement and compare the results with these limits.• Connect the black lead to the open end (point A) of the 1K ohm resistor.• Connect the red and blue test leads to the open end (point B) of the 0.100 ohm resistor.• Connect the green and yellow test leads to the open end (point C) of the 0.500 ohm resistor.• Select RFL (blue key 7) on the 900AST tester and press Enter.• Wait for the measurement to complete.• Ensure that ohms (not distance) is selected.• Verify that the Resistance to Strap (RTS) value (upper reading) is that of the DMM measured B to C

value +/- 0.010 ohms.• Verify that the Resistance to Fault (RTF) value (left center reading) is that of the DMM measured B to

D value +/- 0.010 ohms.• Verify that the Fault Resistance (Rf) value (lower left reading) is that of the DMM measured A to D

value +/- 15 ohms.

C

A

B

Red & BlueLeads

Green & YellowLeads

Black Lead

RFLVERIFICATION

1K Ohm

D

Ten 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.100 Ohms

Two 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.500 Ohms

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

ooo

Measurement Point

Lower Limit [Ohms]

Measured Value

[Ohms]

Upper Limit

[Ohms]

RTS (B-C)

RTF (B-D)

Rf (A-D)

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Special Resistance / Resistive BalanceThis function is verified using the previous RFL test.

Contact ResistanceMeasure the precise value of the 0.500 ohm resistor in the resistor network for verifying RFL/Contact Resistance/Special Resistance.

• Using the values previously measured with the DMM, calculate the acceptable lower and upper limits. The table below is provided to assist in this calculation.

MeasurementPoint

Approximate Value

[Ohms]

DMM Measured

Value [Ohms]

Lower Limit Tolerance:

[Ohms]

Lower Limit

[Ohms]

DMM Measured

Value[Ohms]

Upper Limit Tolerance:

[Ohms]

Upper Limit [Ohms]

B to D 0.100 - 0.010 = - 0.010 =

C to D 0.500 - 0.010 = - 0.010 =

• Turn on the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST, select the ohms function (blue key 3). Press the left arrow to select Contact Resistance.

• Connect the red and the blue leads to the open end of the 0.100 ohm resistor (point B) on the resistor network.

• Connect the green and the yellow leads to the common center (point D) on the resistor network.• Press “Enter” and wait for the measurement to complete.• Connect the red and the blue leads to the open end of the 0.500 ohm resistor (point C) on the resistor

network.• Press “Enter” and wait for the measurement to complete.

Measurement Point

Lower Limit [Ohms]

Measured Value

[Ohms]

Upper Limit

[Ohms]

B to D

C to D

A

B

Red & BlueLeadsB to D

Green & YellowLeads Red & Blue

LeadsC to D

CONTACTRESISTANCE

VERIFICATION

1K Ohm

CD

Ten 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.100 Ohms

Two 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.500 Ohms

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

ooo

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APPENDIXAppendix A:

Resistor Network for Verifying RFL/Contact Resistance/Special Resistance

This resistor network consists of three sets of resistors wired and soldered together in a “T” network.

Parts required:• Twelve 1.00 ohm 1% 0.6W +/-50ppm/oC axial leaded metallic film resistors (Digikey P/N MRS25F-1-ND)• One 1.00K ohm 1% +/-50ppm/oC axial leaded metallic film resistor (Digikey P/N PPC-1.00K-ND)

Assembly Instructions:Parallel ten 1.00 ohm 1% metallic film resistors to create the precision resistance left side of the top of the “T”. This resistance is approximately 0.1 ohms.

Parallel another two 1.00 ohm metallic film resistors to create the precision resistance right side of the top of the “T”. This resistance is approximately 0.5 ohms.

The stem of the “T” consists of a single 1K 1% metallic film resistor.

1K Ohm

C

A

BD

Ten 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.100 Ohms

Two 1.00 Ohm resistorsin parallel to make

~ 0.500 Ohms

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

1.000 Ohm

ooo

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Appendix B:

Zeroing the 3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST TDR 900AST units manufactured with Version 2.0 software and later have the capability of adjusting the TDR launch timing so that the start of the launch pulse is at 0.0 inches. This process is performed during the manufacturing of the unit. If necessary it can be performed in the field as no external test equipment is required.

Please use the following procedure to verify that the TDR is correctly ‘zeroed’ to the end of the coaxial test leads.

1. Insert a coaxial test lead in the Red/Black jacks. Leave the BNC end disconnected.

2. Go to TOOLBOX -> MAINTENANCE, enter the sequence 9844185 using the keypad, and then press the [Enter] key. The unit will display ‘Clear All’ for a few seconds and then reboot. This is necessary to reformat the system memory to provide a location for the new TDR Launch Delay variable.

Note: Unit may require self-calibration after performing this step.

3. Go to TOOLBOX -> MAINTENANCE, enter the sequence 5594 using the keypad, and then press the [Enter] key. You will see a screen like this:

If you do NOT see a ‘5’ next to the lower box, use the blue ‘5’ key to enter a ‘5’ in the lower box and press the [Enter] key. This ensures that you are starting from the neutral (non-shifted) position initially.

Note: ‘5’ is the ‘zero shift’ value. Values less than 5 shift to the right and values greater than 5 shift to the left. You can always return to ‘5’ to get the initial ‘zero shift’ trace.

Press the [Return} key to exit MAINTENANCE and again to exit the TOOLBOX.

4. Start the TDR function and enter TDR setup. Select the wire type as Coaxial. Select the Gauge as RG-8. Select ‘First Length’ as ‘Minimum’.

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5. Start the TDR. Put the cursor at the base of the open. If the base of the open is not visible, skip to step 9 below. If the base of the open circuit is at approximately 0”, no adjustment is required. The image below shows a TDR that requires no adjustment since the base of the pulse is a 0”.

6. If the base of the open circuit is shifted left or right from 0”, you can use a Maintenance code to shift the trace into position. First, determine the approximate amount that the trace is shifted.

7. If the trace is shifted right on the screen, put the cursor on base of the open as shown.

In this case, the base is at 14”. The trace must be shifted by 14” to the left to get the base at 0”.

8. Go to TOOLBOX -> MAINTENANCE, enter the sequence 5594 using the keypad, and then press the [Enter] key. You will see a screen like this:

9. Refer to the Table below for the delay factor to use to shift the trace. In this case, select delay factor ‘8’ to shift the pulse left by 13.2”. Enter ‘8’ using the blue key ‘8’ and then press [Enter] to accept. Press the [Return] key to exit. The adjustment factor is saved in system memory. Run the TDR function again to verify that the base of the pulse is located at or near 0”.

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10. If the trace is not visible on the screen because the pulse is shifted too far left (as in the image below), the pulse must first be shifted as far right as possible to make the pulse base viewable.

11. First, go to TOOLBOX -> MAINTENANCE, enter the sequence 5594 using the keypad, and then press the [Enter] key. You will see a screen like this:

12. Enter ‘0’ using the ‘0’ blue key. Press [Enter] to accept and then the [Return] key to exit. Press the TDR blue key to restart the TDR. The pulse will have shifted as far right (22”) as possible. Position the cursor on the base of the pulse.

In this case the cursor is at 14” on the right-shifted pulse.

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13. At this point you can determine that the pulse needed to shift 22” – 14” = 8” to the right. Use the Table below to determine the delay factor for an 8” right shift. Go to TOOLBOX -> MAINTENANCE, enter the sequence 5594 using the keypad, and then press the [Enter] key. Use the blue ‘3’ key to enter a ‘3’ and press the [Enter] key to accept. Press [Return] to exit MAINTENANCE. The shift value is now saved in memory.

Shift Direction Shift Amount Delay Factor

Right ��” 0

Right 17.6” 1

Right 13.�” �

Right 8.8” 3

Right �.�” �

None 0 5

Left �.�” 6

Left 8.8” 7

Left 13.�” 8

Left 17.6” 9

Left ��” 10

14. Enter TDR mode and verify that the pulse is similar to the image below to verify that the procedure has been successfully completed.

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Appendix C:

3M™ Advanced Systems Tester 900AST Electrical Specifications

Functions Range Resolution Accuracy

Voltage (DC) 0 to 99.9 V 0.1 V 1% of reading ± 0.5 V

100 to 300 V 1 V 3% of reading

Voltage (AC) 0 to 99.9 V 0.1 V 1% of reading ± 0.5 V

100 to �50 V 1 V 3% of reading

Ohms (resistance) No foreign voltage * 0 to 9999 ohms 1 ohm 1% of reading ± 5 ohm

With foreign voltage present 0 to 9999 ohms 1 ohm 1% of reading ± 50 ohms

10 k to 99.9 k ohms 0.1 k ohm 1% of reading

100 k to 999 k ohms 1 k ohm 3% of reading

1 M to 9.9 M ohms 10 k ohm 3% of reading

10 M to 99 M ohms 0.1 M ohm 5% of reading

100 M to 990 M ohms 1 M ohm 10% of reading

Contact Resistance * 0 to 5 ohms 0.001 ohm 0.1% of reading +/- 0.01 ohm

Special Resistance * 0 to �5 ohms 0.01 ohm 1% of loop resistance ± 0.01 ohm

Capacitance) 10nF to 9.9uF 1nF 10% of reading

ID Tone�00 to 1000 Hz, fixed level, interrupted

1Hz +1Hz

RFL *

Fault range 0 to 500 K ohms

Resistance to Fault 0 to 15 ohm 0.001 ohm 0.1% of RTS +/- 0.01 ohm

TDR **

Pulse width 3ns, 5ns, 3�ns Fixed values —

Ranges (nominal, specified for twisted pair with Vp of 0.68)

19�”, 38�”, 6��”, 13�0”, �6�0”, 38�0”, 5760”, 15360”

�% of range

Velocity of Propagation 0.10 to 0.99 0.01 —

Modes Single, Dual, Differential, Crosstalk, Memory, Peak

— —

* Measurement applies current-limited (<1mA) 80V stimulus** Measurement applies pulse amplitude of approximately 60Vpeak

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