Subcritical and Supercritical CO2 Adsorption Capacity of ...
Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a Supercritical CO2 Turbine Cycle
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Transcript of Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a Supercritical CO2 Turbine Cycle
Hiba NaffaaUnder the direction of Prof. Michael Driscoll
and Doctor Koroush ShirvanMIT, Department of Nuclear Engineering
Advanced Solar Power Tower Coupled to a
SupercriticalCO₂ Turbine Cycle
Objectives
• Evaluate the use of the supercritical CO₂ cycle (S-CO₂) in solar power tower plant designs• Generate 100 MW of solar power• Generate electricity for Lebanon• Heat-to-electricity efficiency on the order of 50%• Improved compatibility with the use of dry cooling tower• More compact and cheaper equipment
Power Tower Flow Diagram
Types of the heliostats New receiver
Name Country Peakelectric power
Operated Characteristics
Ivanpah UnitedStates
392MW
On February 13,2014
Three solar thermal power plants. 347,000 heliostats. Boilers are on centralized solar power towers. Uses steam turbines
Solar One UnitedStates
10 MW From 1982 to 1988
Water/steam as the heat-transfer fluid in the receiver
Solar Two UnitedStates
10 MW From 1996 to 1999
Molten salt storage and a tur-bine/generator
Fort Irwin SolarProject
UnitedStates
500MW
By 2022 Occupies 14,000 acres. Will produce 1,250 gigawatt hours of renewable energy per year at Fort Irwin facilities
DhirubhaiAmbaniSolar Park
India 40 MW Commissionedon March 31, 2012
Covers an area of 350 acres (140ha)
PlantaSolar 10(PS10)
Spain 11 MW In 2007 624 heliostats. The receiver and a steam turbine are on top of a 115 meter high tower. The turbine drives a generator, producing electricity
PlantaSolar 20(PS20)
Spain 20 MW In 2009 1,255 heliostats. Receiver is on the top of a 165 m high tower and a turbine generator
Current State
Name Country Peak electric power
Operated Characteristics
Palen UnitedStates
500 MW Expected to be complete and producing electricity in 2016
Two-unit power system 250-MW each. Will cover approx. 3,800 acres. 170,000 heliostats. Receiver is on a top a 750-foot tall power tower
BrightSourcePPA5,6,7
UnitedStates
200 MWeach
AFC Not YetFiled
solar power tower
Rice SolarEnergyProject
UnitedStates
150 MW Approved in January 2013 Molten salt thermal storage system. About 17,000 heliostats. Central receiver tower with a height of 199 m
Suntower UnitedStates
92 MW In 2010, it was under construc-tion
456,960 heliostats and wet cooling towers
eSolar 1,2 UnitedStates
84 MW,66 MW re-spectively
AFC Not YetFiled
solar power tower
Alcazar Spain 50 MW Construction began in 2010 Molten salt and a dry-cooled design
AlmadenPlant
Spain 20 MW Announced inSpain in 2007
1,255 heliostats. A 155 meter tower
Ordos China 2GW=2000MW
Began in 1 June 2010 to be completed by 2020
Includes 4 phases: Phase 1 (30 MW), Phases 2, 3 and 4 (100 MW, 870 MW and 1000 MW)respectively
MashaveiSadde
Israel 60 MW Announced Solar thermal power station
Name Country Peak electric power Operated Characteristics
Cerro Dominador Chile 110 MW Expected to start in the second half of 2014
Heliostats, molten salt receiver, tower salt storage
Crossroads UnitedStates
150 MW Expected to operate in 2016 Heliostats, a central receiver, liquid salt to collect the energy, a storage tank, to heat exchangers and a conventional steam turbine cycle
Ashalim 1 Israel 121MW
Under construction. Expected completion:2017
Combine 3 kinds of energy. Solar thermal energy composes 220 MW. 121 MW by this CSP and another will be built
CrescentDunes
UnitedStates
110MW
Construction finished at the end of 2013
17,500 heliostats and molten salt flowing through a 160m tall solar power tower and a storage tank
Khi Solar One(KSO)
SouthAfrica
50 MW Under construction. Expected completion:2014
Covers 140 hectares (346 acres). More than 4,000 heliostats. Boiler is on top a centralized 205 m high tower, a superheated steam cycle, a saturated accumulator steam and a dry cooling system
Gemasolar Spain 19.9MW
Since May2011. Its official launch was held in October 2011
Molten salt heat storage system. A 140m high tower receiver, a power island and 2650 heliostats
Efficiency Plot: Comparison Chart
Flow Chart
Power Cycle Efficiency
Theoretical maximum: Carnot Cycle
The real efficient is given by: npc = nL.n
Where• W is the work done by the system, • QH is the heat put into the system,• TC is the absolute temperature of the cold reservoir,• TH is the absolute temperature of the hot reservoir, and• n is the maximum efficiency.
Power Cycle Efficiency
In our plant:
• Tcold = 30◦C = 303◦K where ◦K = ◦C + 273
• Thot = 700◦C = 973◦K
then n = 0.688
An actual cycle is less efficient eg Engineering experience suggests nL = 0.7Thus npc = 0.7 (0.688) = 0.48 = 48%
Installed Capacity in the Middle East
Conclusion
• An advanced form of power tower conversion using S-CO2 has advantages • Move on to tests of physical systems• Julich, the best option to test
Acknowledgement
• Professor Michael Driscoll• Doctor Koroush Shirvan • Marie Herring• Jessica Shi and Raj Vatsa• The entire staff of RSI• Research Science Institute• Center for Excellence in Education• Massachusetts Institute of Technology• Mr. Rafic A. Bizri• Mrs. Bahia Hariri• David Thompson