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Advanced PlacementUnited States History

Chapter Three/FourChapter Three/Four

Kennedy/Cohen/Bailey Kennedy/Cohen/Bailey

The American PageantThe American Pageant

Lecture OutlineLecture Outline

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Topics:

• Settling the Northern Colonies• New England: Massachusetts,

Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

• Era of “Salutary Neglect”

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Topics:• Dominion of New England• Puritan Lifestyles• The Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey,

Delaware, Pennsylvania

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New England Colonies

• Massachusetts (including Maine, Plymouth Plantation)

• Connecticut• Rhode Island• New Hampshire

Colonial Flag sometimes called the Flag of New England

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John Calvin

Calvinism/Puritanism

• John Calvin• Presbyterians• Huguenots• Dutch Reform Church• Puritans

Martin Luther

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Puritanism

• Predestination• Religious Schism

between Anglicans and Puritans

• English Puritans• Church of England

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Puritanism

• Henry VIII• Elizabeth I• Separatists• Non-Conformists

Henry VIII

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Puritan Churches

Meeting House, Rhode Island,

1789

Family Pews

Pulpit

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Puritan Churches

PuritanMeeting Houses

Rhode Island

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Notes:

• James I (James IV)• Stuart Dynasty• Plymouth Plantation (Pilgrims) • Separatists• Mayflower Compact

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Notes:• William Bradford• Capt. Miles Standish• Massachusetts Bay Colony,

1629• Charles I • Mass. Charter• John Winthrop

J. Winthrop

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Notes:• Boston, Massachusetts• Great Migration• 75,000 Puritan Refugees• 18,000 Flee to New England• 57,000 Flee to British West Indies

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Image of Puritans:

1845 Portrait of Pilgrims

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Image of Puritans:1640s Portrait of John Winthrop by van Dyke

Details of head and hands from earlier version

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Image of Puritans:Mason children of New England, 1670

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Image of Puritans:Elizabeth Wensley of Boston, 1670

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Image of Puritans:Elizabeth Freake & Mary, 1671/74

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Image of Puritans:Lithograph of Arrest of a Salem Witch

1883

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Image of Puritans:19th Century Images of Salem Witches

1869

1876

1884

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Religion Among the Puritans

• Bay Colony – Theocracy or Oligarch?

• Election Day Sermons

• Visible “Elect” • aka: “Saints”• Testimonials• Conversions

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Notes:

• Massachusetts General Court• Quakers• Congregationalists

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Notes:

• Rhode Island – Roger Williams• Providence, RI• Baptist Church• R.Williams Introduces Religious Tolerance to Rhode Island…

Roger Williams

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The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution, 1644.

God requireth not an uniformity of Religion to be inacted and inforced in any civil state… true civility and Christianity may both flourish in a state or Kingdome, notwithstanding the permission of divers and contrary consciences, either of Jew or Gentile. Roger Williams

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Notes:• 1644 – Rhode Island receives Charter from Parliament

• Connecticut River Colony• Hartford, 1635• Rev. Thomas Hooker, 1636• New Haven, 1638• Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut, 1639

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Notes:

• 1623, Sir Ferdinando Gorges founds Maine• 1677, Massachusetts Bay Colony

purchases Maine• 1679, Charles II grants New

Hampshire separate charter as royal colony

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New England Confederation, 1643

• Bay Colony, Plymouth Plantation, Connecticut Valley, New Haven

• Maine and Rhode Island refused admission as heretic colonies

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Dominion of New England, 1686-1689

• Governor Sir Edmund Andros• Glorious Revolution, 1688-89• William and Mary, House of

Orange

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Lifestyles of Puritan New England

• Puritan Oligarchy• “blue laws”• Townships• Covenants• Town Meetings• The “elect,” or “visible elect”• Testimonials• Half-way Covenants, “jeremiads”

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Roots of Democracy in Puritanism

• Congregationalist form of church government

• Town Meetings

Norman Rockwell’sThe Four Freedoms,

1943

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Three-Prong Attack upon Puritanism

1. Social – limited land & overpopulation leads to division of families, and migration

2. Religious – decline of fervor & piety within church membership

3. Political – lost of charters and self-government

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Salem Witchcraft Trials, 1692

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Holland & Sweden in North America

• 1609 – Dutch East India Company• Henry Hudson• 1623 – Dutch West India Company

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• New Holland - New Amsterdam• Dutch Reform Church

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1638

New Sweden

Delaware Bay

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Credits:• Martin Luther - http://www.luther.de/ • John Calvin - http://www.gettysburg.edu/~s481585/JOHNCALVINANDCALVINISM.HTML • Stained Glass - http://www.sgm.abelgratis.com/subfram.htm • Henry VII - http://tudorhistory.org/henry8/henryholbein.jpg • Rhode Island Meeting House - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=hhphoto&fileName

=me/me0000/me0077/photos/browse.db&action=browse&recNum=0&title2=Alna%20Meetinghouse,%20State%20Rt.%20218,%20Alna,%20Lincoln%20County,%20ME&displayType=1&itemLink=D?hh:1:./temp/~ammem_L38d::

• Rhode Island Meeting Houses - http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/displayPhoto.pl?path=/pnp/habshaer/ri/ri0300/ri0314/photos&topImages=146718pr.jpg&topLinks=146718pv.jpg,146718pu.tif&title=HABS,+RI,5-WICK,1-2&displayProfile=0

• James I - http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon46.html • Mayflower - http://meltingpot.fortunecity.com/eritrea/117/plpl/pl2/miimypage.html • John Winthrop - http://loki.stockton.edu/~gilmorew/0colhis/neng09.jpg • John Winthrop - http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/winthrop.htm• http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap1/winthrop.html • Mason children - http://www.thinker.org/fam/education/publications/guide-american/01.html • Elizabeth Wensley - http://www.ocmayflower.org/pilgrim2.htm • Elizabeth Freake & Mary - http://www.worcesterart.org/Collection/Early_American/Artists/unidentified_17th/elizabeth_f/

catalog.html • Witches - http://www.iath.virginia.edu/salem/generic.html • Preaching - http://www.4america.com/archives/great_awakening/ • Rockwell – Town Meeting - http://phoenix.about.com/library/blrockwell1.htm • Henry Hudson - http://www.ianchadwick.com/hudson/hudson1.html • New Amsterdam - http://www.nnp.org/documents/index.html • New Sweden - http://www.colonialswedes.org/History/History.html