Advanced Physiology of AnimalsANSC 3405

Dr. John McGlone

and others

Lectures: Tue-Thur 12:30-1:50 pm Labs: Mon 3:00-5:50 pm

Welcome to

Today’s Outline

I. IntroductionsA. Instructors, students and pictures

II. SyllabusA. Class format (lectures and lab)B. Advice on preparing for class

III. LectureA. Principles of physiologyB. HomeostasisC. Body size

Introductions

• Dr. John McGlone• Dr. Mhairi Sutherland• Lindsey Hulbert, graduate student• Students

– Name– Where you are from– Major– Career Goals– Student pictures

Syllabus

• Objectives– Overview of animal physiology

• history, complexity and integration of animal physiology research

• Pre requirements– Ansc 2202 (Anatomy) or equivalent– > 3.0 GPA

• Lecture format and materials– Lectures, reading and research

assignments, handouts, homework, quizzes and exams

Class Website:

http://www.depts.ttu.edu/porkindustryinstitute/Advanced%20Physiology/Advanced_Physiology.htm

Print lectures prior to class for note taking

Syllabus

Syllabus• Textbook

– Most of the book will be covered

• Lab notebook– With duplicate carbon

pages to turn in

Syllabus

• Grading Procedures:• Normal grading scale (90% = A, etc.)• Source of pointsHour exams (3) 300 (37.5%)Quizzes, homework, projects100 (12.5%)Final exam (comprehensive) 200 (25%)Laboratory 200 (25%)

-----------------Total 800 (100%)

Syllabus• Exams and quizzes/assignments

– 3 Exams on previous material– Final exam comprehensive– Assignments must be turn in on time

• 25% loss of points per late day

– Missed quizzes can only be made up with excused absences

• Attendance– Mandatory for laboratory– Lecture: 2 excused absences, 20 point loss for

each class missed unexcused– If you will be missing more than 3 lectures, then

you may need to reconsider taking this course

Syllabus

• Laboratory– Physiology/surgery laboratories – Animal care and experiments outside of

class– Laboratory write-ups and research

• Assignment (Towards the end of the year) of a topic to present

• All laboratories will need to be written up (instructions and questions will be provided)

Advanced Physiology of Animals

ANSC 3405Lecture 1

Major Branches of Physiology and Medicine

• Cardiovascular • Renal • Respiratory • Gastrointestinal • Neuroscience • Endocrinology • Reproductive • Orthopedic (Bone and Muscle)

Major Branches of Physiology

• Comparative Physiology

• Environmental Physiology

• Evolutionary Physiology

• Developmental Physiology

• Cell Physiology/Biology

(See Figure 1.1 page 6 in text)

Organism level

Organ system level

Organ and Tissue levels

Cellular level

Macromolecular level

Molecular level

0.2 mm 20 µm 2 µm 200 nm 20 nm 2 nm 0.2 nm

Atoms

Molecules

Organelles

Cells

Biological function at each level of organization

Physiology is an Integrating Science

• How did a system evolve?

• What were the survival advantages for this feature?

• How does ontogeny reflect evolution?

““Ontogeny Ontogeny recapitulates recapitulates phylogeny”phylogeny”

Brief History of Physiology

• Socrates• Aristotle

• Galileo (1568-1657)• Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) • Microscopic biology/physiology

– Antoine Lavoiser (1578-1657) – Chemistry & metabolism: oxygen

consumption

• William Harvey (1578-1657)

470 B.C.

384 B.C.

1500

A.D.

1600

1700

• The rapid expansion of our modern knowledge in physiology began in the late 1800s

• 1920-1950s Phase of classic physiology research

• 1950-1980 Phase of biochemical discoveries: DNA, Enzymes, Receptors, Hormones, etc.

• 1980-present Transgenics, cloning, knock-outs, xenotransplantation, and much more.

1800

1900

2000

Brief History of Physiology

• Claude Bernard (1872)– The milieu interieur – “Constancy of the internal

environment is the condition of life”

• Walter B. Cannon (1871-1945)– Sympathetic “flight or fight”

response

“Homeostasis”

•The tendency of organisms to regulate and maintain relative internal stability

Homeostasis

Feedback and Control• Negative feedback systems and loops • Positive feedback systems and loops • Conformers and regulators

Negative Feedback

Inverting Amplifier

Negative Feedback

Disturbance

Controlled System

SensorOutput Error

Signal

-

(Read page 11 in text)

Positive Feedback

Disturbance

Amplifier

Positive Feedback

Controlled System

SensorOutput Error

Signal

+

Units of Measure• Metric System in Science

– Liquid- Liter, L – Solid- Grams, g – Length- Meters, m – Molecule concentration-

moles

1012 Tera T

109 Giga G

106 Mega M

103 Kilo k

10 Hecto h

10 Deka da

10-1 Deci D

10-2 Centi c

10-3 Milli m

10-6 Micro µ

10-9 Nano n

10-12 Pico p

10-15 Femto f

10-18 atto a

Converting Units• Conversion of units is very important in any field

1 cc = 1mL 5 mL = 1 tsp 1 kg = 2.2 lb=35.3 oz 1 m = 39.37 in=3.28 ft 1m2 = 10.76 ft2 2.24cm = 1in 3.28 ft = 1m

http://www.onlineconversion.com/

Size, volume and mass

• Smaller ‘bodies’ have more mass per unit of surface area

•Smaller ‘bodies’ exchange heat more with the environment than larger ones

•This concept works for cells as well as animals and objects

Size, volume and mass

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Body wt, kg

BM

R

Surface Area Calculations

• Area, m2 = 0.1 wt0.667 (wt, in kg)

• Calculate surface area for:

• 1000, 30 g mice = ?

• 1, 30 kg pig = ?