Advanced design of permanent raised bed machinery in Pakistan
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Advanced Design of Permanent Raised Bed Machinery in Pakistan
• Dr. Zahid Hussain• Muhammad Irfan • Ghani Akbar
Pakistan Agriculture Research Council
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Presentation Outline
• Introduction • Material & Method• Results• Conclusions
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• Mechanical power use in Pak. Agric. commences in 1950s
• Tractor & tillage was introduced in 1960s
• Currently available tractors 593334 nos.
• 77% tractors (46-55hp) are available to farmers
• 23.8 million hectares cultivatedWith 6.62 million total farms
• 47.6 hectares/tractor • 0.14 ha/capita agricultural
land
Introduction
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Permanent Raised Beds in Pakistan
• 1998 Permanent Raised Bed system/machinery was introduced under a collaborative research project of ACIAR and PARC.
• Research findings were very encouraging:– Saving water, operating time and
labour– Improving grain yield and WUP– Achieving uniform distribution seed
and fertilizer – Improving soil health
Introduction
Maize crop on PRB
Wheat crop on PRB
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Cont…
However,• Large scale adoption of the system was
limited due to:– Two separate heavy machines (Bed
former and seeders) – Imported machinery cost was very
high– Obstacles in local manufacturing of
these machines
• Thus, GOP supported PRB system through a national project where ACIAR was again a partner:– Machines were subsidised and locally
manufactured– Farmer and manufacturer trainings
were conducted– Research component was further
strengthenedIntroduction
Bed former cum renovator
Seed drill
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• To develop an Advanced Design of Permanent Raised Bed Machine (ADPRB) suitable for local socio economic, available tractor power, cropping and environmental conditions of Pakistan.
Objective
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Material and Methods
• After completion of three years of national project on PRB a survey was conducted to check:– Farmers Satisfaction with the available technology– To evaluate the performance of current PRB machinery
distributed & to identify issues
• Survey revealed:– Farmers satisfied with the system as compared to
traditional farming system
• However, two key issues identified– 1: Capital cost (RS 320,000/set) and heavy machinery
weight– 2:Operating cost of twice machinery operation
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• Advanced design of PRB (ADPRB) machinery was developed with features of:– Bed forming and sowing in a single
operation– Adjustable bed size from 90cm
(single bed) to 25cm (double bed)– Maximum capacity of six rows
(wheat, rice etc) per 90cm bed and 2 rows (maize, cotton etc) per 25cm bed
– Light weight (175 kg) and low cost (RS 120,000 per set)
– Precision planting and inter row hoeing
Advanced Design of Permanent Raised Bed Machinery
Material and method
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ADPRB Machinery details
• ADPRB machine comprises of four parts
– i) The front bar with three furrow openers, two blades and one shaft with four cutters (Cutters are used for hoeing on beds between rows of cotton and maize)
– ii) Fertilizer and seed boxes, a shaft with five cutters and one roller
– iii) six tines with double disk furrow openers for wheat and rice seed
– iv) A precision seed metering system for maize and cotton to maintain plant to plant distance
3rd Par
t
4th Par
t
2nd Par
t
1st Par
t
Material and method
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Machinery Testing
Material and method
• Testing of machinery was performed at Gujjar farm, Haripur, KPK Province
• Six rows of wheat was sown on 90cm wide raised beds in comparison with traditional flat basin under a replicated trial on 25th Dec. 2010
• Machinery operation was closely observed and grain yield data was collected at harvest
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Machinery testing and operation
• 55 hp tractor satisfactorily operated the machine due to light weight and better performance
• Low tractor fuel consumption was observed as compared to early machines
• Bed making and sowing was smoothly performed in a single operation
• Seed germination was satisfactory
• Up to 33% increased grain yield was observed under PRB than flat basin
Farmers interest in adoption
• Farmers interest in purchasing this machine can be evidenced by 20 applications so far received throughout the country which includes– 10 from KPK– 5 from Balochistan– 5 from Sindh
• However, due to financial constraints the project could hardly meet any more demands
• The machines needs to be further tested for its impact on soil health
Results
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• Adoption of conservation agriculture techniques in developing world depends on availability of suitable technology according to their specific socio economic and environmental conditions
• Preliminary results of ADPRB is encouraging. However, more research is needed to identify its impact on soil hydro-physical, chemical and biological health
Conclusions
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PRB machine for different crops
Wheat & Rice
Maize & Cotton
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Seed OutletFertilizer Outlet
4th Part
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Six Rows for Wheat & Rice
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Two Rows for Maize and Cotton
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Furrow Opener
Blades
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Cutters for Hoeing and Renovation
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Machinery Parts
Cutter Shafts
Roler
Seed metering driving Wheel
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Cutters
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Seed Dropping Double Disk System
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Adjustable Furrow Opener
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Seed metering System for Cotton and Maize
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AdilIrfan
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Crop Sown with ADPRB Machine
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THANKS ALL OF YOU FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTION