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ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL Viraj Dhimmar

1, Hiren A.Rathod

2

M.E.Student, Civil Eng. Dept., SNPIT &RC, Umrakh(GTU), Bardoli, Gujarat, India1

Ass. Professor, Civil Eng. Dept., SNPIT &RC, Umrakh(GTU), Bardoli, Gujarat, India2

Abstract: Many advanced composite materials have been proposed for smart structures.

Beside the aramid, glass and carbon fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) used to replace steel

bars, strands, wires or tendons in the structures, FRP panels, membranes and textiles are

more and more used in all type of structures.

In the last few years, research has been conducted in the area of advanced composites to be

used as smart materials for smart structures. Smart structures and materials are defined as

systems which have two basic functions: the first is to sense any external stimuli and the

second to respond to that stimuli in some appropriate ways in real or near real time. This

intelligent health monitoring is very beneficial to aerospace, mechanical or civil structures.

The use of advanced composites for reinforcement as well as for sensing and actuating

purposes combined with sophisticated data acquisition and monitoring apparatus has been

proposed. In this review examines the sensing and actuating functions as an added value to

advanced composites to be used in smart structures and evaluates their potential

implications in improving the performance of the structure.

Keywords: Smart materials, Adaptive structures, Sensors, Actuators, FRP, Fibre Optics,

sandwich material.

INTRODUCTION

A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that

results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. In

contrast to metallic alloys, each material retains its separate chemical, physical, and

mechanical properties. The two constituents are a reinforcement and a matrix. The

main advantages of composite materials are their high strength and stiffness, combined

with low density, when compared with bulk materials, allowing for a weight reduction

in the finished part.

Smart structures trace their origin to a field of research which envisioned devices and

materials that could mimic human muscular and nervous systems. The idea is to

produce non biological structures that will achieve the optimum functionality observed

in biological systems through emulation of their adaptive capabilities and integrated

design. Smart structures and materials consist of sensors and actuators that are either

embedded in, or attached to a structure, to form an integral part of the structure. The

structure or material and its related components form a system that will react in a

predicted manner and in a pattern that emulates a biological function. One of the first

attempts to use the smart materials technology involved materials.

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REVIEW

2.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL

Reinforced Concrete

Bamboo, concrete and steel

Composite Building Structures:- Wood, Steel, Concrete

Sandwich Puff Panels

Sandwich Panel: Gypsum Plasterboards And Carton or saw

Insulation Sandwich Panel In Wood And PVC Foam

Fiber Reinforced Polymer(FRP)

2.1.1 REINFORCED CONCRETE

This are the composite two materials Steel and concrete. They make very good composites

and are essential for the construction of large structures like high-rise buildings, bridges.

Reinforced concrete is also relatively cheap and can be moulded into any shape.

Fig.1 Reinforced Concrete structure

2.1.2 BAMBOO,CONCRETE AND STEEL

Bamboo is a strong, renewable and environment friendly material. Bamboo has high tensile

strength, very good strength to weight ratio. It can resist forces created by high velocity wind

and earthquake. Bamboo and components made of bamboo are energy efficient and cost

effective. Transportation should be economic. A building system in which bamboo comprises

of various elements and fulfils the main structural role. Round bamboo columns and trussed

rafters act as the main load bearing element.

Fig.2 Bamboo structure

Composite bamboo cement mortar infill panels act as shear walls to resist wind and

seismic forces. The system comprises of –

FOUNDATION: individual column footings.

COLUMNS: bamboo culms set on concrete footing.

WALL INFILL: a grid of split bamboo covered in wire mesh and cement mortar.

ROOF STRUCTURE: bamboo rafters or trusses supporting bamboo purlins.

Corrugated bamboo mat board for roof covering.

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DOORS AND WINDOWS: bamboo mat board shutters.

Fig.3 Bamboo,concrete and steel

2.1.3 COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES:- WOOD, STEEL, CONCRETE

It has to composite to the wood , steel and concrete. It is use for the wall construction.

Fig.4 Light-weight Panels

2.1.4 SANDWICH PUFF PANELS

These panels consists of two facings of relatively thin metal sheet profiled of high strength

enclosing a core, which is relatively thick and light with required stiffness. The facings are of

ALUMINUM or STEEL.

Thicknesses -30 to 120 mm

Width -1000 mm to 1200 mm

Maximum Length -15 meter

Fig.5 Sandwich Puff Panels

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2.1.5 SANDWICH PANEL: GYPSUM PLASTERBOARDS AND CARTON OR SAW

This are the composite two materials gypsum plasterboard and carton or saw. Its

Applications: partition wall , ceiling and furniture also.

Fig.6 sandwich panel: gypsum plasterboards and carton or saw

2.1.6 INSULATION SANDWICH PANEL IN WOOD AND PVC FOAM

Resistant to hydrocarbons, alkalis, diluted acids, sea water, petrol and diesel fuel. Reduce

weight up to 80% compare to plywood. Application for the wood shutter near at water area

and balcony railing.

2.1.7 FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER(FRP)

In many structural applications of civil, mechanical, or other engineering, more and more

components are designed and produced with composites. There has been an increasing

popularity of glass and carbon reinforced polymer (FRP) to replace steel bars, strands, wires

or tendons used in reinforcing and prestressing techniques for the construction, rehabilitation

and upgrading of civil engineering works, such as retaining walls, beams and bridges. FRP is

used, for the entire project or for an autonomous component of the structure, as the initial

reinforcement or to strengthen the existing structure. In recent years, a myriad of FRP

composite products has been proposed and each has its particularities, advantages and

disadvantages.

Beside the use of FRP as bars, filaments, fibres or tendons, FRP panels, membranes or

textiles are used more and more in all types of constructions. Despite the significant advances

in the latest manufacturing processes, including automated or hand fabric layups, fibre

placement, resin molding, pultrusion, thermoplastic or/and thermoforming, their cost is still

high. Their selection as alternative to other materials is only possible because the tradeoffs

between the cost on one hand and the weight, handling, transportation and flexibility of

various design configurations prior to concept selection are very attractive and economic. In

the last decades, this subject has been widely studied and the number of conferences and

meetings dealing with this issue, including this meeting, is growing rapidly.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The advantages of composites are many, including lighter weight, the ability to tailor the

layup for optimum strength and stiffness, improved fatigue life, corrosion resistance, and,

with good design practice, reduced assembly costs due to fewer detail parts and fasteners.

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APPLICATIONS

Applications include aerospace, transportation, construction, marine goods, sporting goods,

and more recently infrastructure, with construction and transportation being the largest. In

general, high-performance but more costly continuous-carbon-fiber composites are used

where high strength and stiffness along with light weight are required, and much lower-cost

fiber glass composites are used in less demanding applications where weight is not as critical.

CONCLUSION

Components must be designed with composites in mind from the onset of the design process.

For this reason, the designer must have a good understanding of the candidate materials and

must be well versed in the manufacturing techniques that may be employed. Day by day,

Increased No. of developments in the area of fabrication science in tune with the requirement

of dimensions, strength application.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author thankfully acknowledge to Mr. J.N.Patel, Chairman Vidyabharti Trust, Mr.

K.N.Patel, Hon. Secretary, Vidyabharti Trust, Dr. H.R.Patel, Director, Dr.J.A.Shah,

Principal, Dr. Neeraj Sharma, Head of Civil Engineering Department, Our Guide, MR. Hiren

A. Rathod S.N.P.I.T.&R.C.,Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India for their motivational &

infrastructural supports to carry out this research.

REFERENCES

[01] CBS Enterprise Companies “COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES” Composite

Research & Manufacturing, LLC, & Composite Investment Group, LLC

[02] Chris J. Burgoyne “ADVANCED COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING IN

EUROPE” University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

[03] F.C. Campbell “INTRODUCTION TO COMPOSITE MATERIALS” ASM

International-2010

[04] Georges Akhras “ADVANCED COMPOSITES FOR SMART STRUCTURES”

Department of Civil Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario,

Canada, K7K 5L0

[05] Monika Smriti “SANDWICH PANELS” seminar on

[06] Praveen,Anudeep Raviteja “BAMBOO AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL”

National Mission on Bamboo Application, Delhi

[07] Sethu Sai Krishna,Nithin Shenoy , Karan Shiyal ,harath Chandra,Sai