Advanced Academic Writing · 2019-10-02 · Presentation practice coached by native speakers in...

Advanced Academic Writing

13:00-14:45, Wednesday, Oct 2nd , 2019 Eng. 2nd bldg. Room 211

Instructors: Kumiko Morimura, Ph.D.Asako Uchibori, Ph.D.

Center for Global EducationInstitute for International Innovation in Engineering Education (IIIEE)

The University of [email protected]

Autumn Semester, 2019

3799-027

mailto:[email protected]

2019 Autumn Semester

10/2/19 Advanced Academic Writing 2

Advanced Academic Writing 3799-027(Graduate school), 1 credit

Advanced Academic Presentation 3799-028(Graduate school),1 credit

• Lecturer: Kumiko Morimura, Ph.D.Asako Uchibori, Ph.D.

Center for Global EducationWednesdays, 3rd period, 13:00-14:45

• Duration AAW: 9/25 - 11/06 (Proficiency Test on Oct. 9)AAP : 11/20 - 1/15

• Evaluation AAW: Reports 70%, Participation 30%AAP: Practice 60%, Participation 40%

Course schedule

9/25 Course guidance10/02 What’s academic writing?10/09 Proficiency test10/16 Science and communication10/23 Essentials of a scientific manuscript10/30 Introduction and abstract, title11/06 Style and composition, Ethics


Academic Presentation


Presentation practice coached by native speakers in groups of 10 people.Requirements:1. Must have passed Advanced Academic Writing (submitted all assignments)2. Must take Proficiency test on October 09

11/20 Orientation for Presentation practice11/27 Presentation practice 112/04 Presentation practice 212/11 Presentation practice 312/18 Presentation practice 41/08 Presentation practice 51/15 Presentation practice 6

To get credits you must:• Make your presentation two times• Attend all classes, ask questions and

give comments• Modify and improve your second

presentation based on feedback

Answer this survey:


https://www.liveslides.com/download

What you need

• Your computer with internet access• Word processor (Office Word, LaTeX, etc.)• Journal papers in your area• Reference manager software (recommended)

Requirements for getting credits

1. Attendance and participation (30%)2. Take a proficiency test on October 9（must）3. Submit 3 assignments（70%）


Our website


All the required readings will be in our websitehttps://ericseut.wordpress.com/advanced-academic-writing/

https://ericseut.wordpress.com/

https://ericseut.wordpress.com/advanced-academic-writing/

What will be graded in your paper


• Structure• Completeness• Cohesion• Coherence• Style• Use of the template provided

AssignmentsYou will choose a topic of your preference to start writing a paper. The length will be a minimum of 2 pages. The assignments will be sent to [email protected]


Assignment

Content Deadline Grade (%)

1A Provide the topic of your paper and tentative title

October 4, 11:59 pm 5

1B Draft of the structure of your paper October 11, 11:59 pm 10

2A Write methodology, results, discussion in draft

October 18, 11:59 pm 5

2B Submit first draft of the paper with methodology, results, discussion

October 25, 11:59 pm 15

3A Write title, abstract, introduction and conclusion

November 1, 11:59 pm 5

3B Submit the final version of your paper November 12, 11:59 pm 30


Participation

To get the final 30% of your grade, you need to attend and participate in class:• Do the required reading on the website before coming to the

class• Ask questions during the class, either to the instructor or the

TAs• Submit the exercises after each class• Work on your paper during the assigned time on each class


Proficiency test next week

• Required for everyone taking Advanced Academic Writing Class• The results will be used for Advanced Academic Presentation • No need to prepare for the test• Similar to TOEICGrammar/structureAural

• Bring your pencil and eraser• If you will be absent on that day, send an email in advance to

[email protected] so that we can set up the make-up date




In the libraly

Getting publishedWhy:• Contribute to your field• Share new knowledge you found with the community of your academic

field• Many other personal reasons (get a Ph.D., get funding, conferences, etc.)How:• Full articles / Original articles. Significant and completed pieces of

research• Review papers / Perspectives. Summary of recent developments on a

specific topic• Letters / Rapid communication. Quick and early communication of

advances of your research• Clinical case study10/2/19 Advanced Academic Writing 13


How to get a good publication?

What you writeContent must be original, new, and valid.

How you writeWriting is clear, logical and understandable.

PREPARATION


Idea generation


Idea for a paperProblem/need

What?

How?

What have others done?

Results?Possible problems

Ideas related

Brainstorming

• Write down everything that comes to your mind about your research topic

• Group the ideas related• Draw a conclusion• Write an outline

10/2/19 Advanced Academic Writing

18

Grouping

Build a logic

Conclusion

Conclusion

Logics to support

Ideas in groups

thinkingW

riting

Tree structure• Now that you have a

clear idea about your topics and sub-topics, organize them to create sections/chapters and sub-sections/chapters of your paper/thesis

• Use the same process to write paragraphs and ideas for each section


Section

sub-sectionsentence

sub-section

sentence

sentence

sentence

sentence

sentence

Section

sentence

sentence

sentence

sentence

sentence

sentence

sub-section

sub-section

sub-section

sub-section

Type of paper• Original Research. These are used to publish full reports of data from research. They

include introduction, methods, results and discussions. They can be called Original Article, Research Article, Research, or just Article

• Literature review. Provide a comprehensive summary or review of existing research on a certain topic . These reviews cite a large amount (e.g. 100) of research articles. They identify specific problems or issues and analyze information with a balanced perspective.

• Clinical case. These articles are reports of interesting phenomena, for instance the occurrence of previously unknown or emerging pathologies. The study is expected to discuss the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of a disease.

• Letter or short reports. These papers are used to make brief reports of the advancement of research projects. The length is limited and sometimes are also called Brief Communications.


Activity

•Use the steps for developing and organizing ideas for your paper in this class

•Choose the type of paper and think of the tentative title


CONSTRUCTION


Outline of your paper


Introduction

Conclusion

• Story• Logic• Easy to “scan”

Title

Abstract

Introduction

MethodsResults,Analysis

andDiscussion

Conclusion

I

MRAD

Structure of a research paper


Part Order Content Verb Tenses

Title 7 Simplified, yet concise description of your paper

Abstract 6 Summary of what problem you tried to solve, what you did and what were your results (mostimportant part)

Past and present

Introduction 4 What is the problem you are trying to solve, what has been done before, what is your contribution and roadmap of your work

Past,present and present perfect

Methodology 3 Details of the procedure that you carried out Past

Results 1 What did you obtain (data, graphs, tables) Past

Discussion 2 Why did you obtain those results and what is the relevance in your field

Past, present

Conclusion 5 Summary of what you achieved, implications and future work

Past,present, future


In what order is writtenProcess depends on your own research

4. Paper description

3. Technical and scientific

support

2. Procedures and essential information

1. Results and discussion

1. Data organization (figures and

tables)

2. Methodology, results and discussion

3. Conclusion and

introduction (literature review)

4. Title and abstract

Usually in engineering… In general

Structure of a review paperPart Writing order Content

Title 6 Simplified, yet concise description of your paper

Abstract 5 Summary of the topic, major achievements in the field and conclusions of the critical review.

Introduction 1 General background of the topic, relevance and context

Body 2 Description of the major achievements, the main methodologies or procedures, outstanding research questions and areas of debate.

Discussion 3 Critical discussion of the collected information and identification of research gaps for future research.

Conclusion 4 Recapitulation of the main points covered and the findings from the discussion.

10/2/19 Advanced Academic Writing 26要約

How to write a review paper

Identify your desired topic and look for research studies,

other reviews, case studies or

theoretical articles.

Define the scope of your paper and

areas you want to focus on

Identify the trends and conflicts in

theory, methodology, evidence and conclusions

Define a criteria to analyze and

compare the review

Organize the content into

Introduction, Body and Conclusion


Logic writing• Logic is a formal system of analysis that helps writers invent, demonstrate, and

prove arguments. It works by testing propositions against one another to determine their accuracy.

• To be logical, a proposition must be tested within a logical sequence.• The most famous logical sequence, called the syllogism, was developed by the

Greek philosopher Aristotle. His most famous syllogism is:

Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

• Premise 2 is tested against premise 1 to reach the logical conclusion. Within this system, if both premises are considered valid, there is no other logical conclusion than determining that Socrates is mortal.


Propositions=thesis=命題

syllogism=三段論法

premise=前提、根拠

Logic writingBe careful!• It is important that the premises can be accepted as true by the

audience for the conclusion to be accepted too• Logical conclusions depend on the factors that are

acknowledged and ignored by the premises• To use logic as an organized and powerful tool to prove your

arguments, you should be aware of the limitations of your premises

• Avoid fallacies (errors in reasoning) by checking the evidence for all your claims


fallacy=誤った推論、誤謬

Argumentative writingEssential parts• Introduction. State your claim• Background. Relevance of the topic and information necessary to

understand how to prove your argument• Supporting paragraphs. Provide the evidence to prove your claim• Counterargument and rebuttal. Possible ideas opposing your claim and

evidence to disprove them.• Conclusion. Summary and significance of your claimHow to organize your argument• Aristotelian of Classical• Toulmin argument• Rogerian argument


relevance=妥当性、適切さ

Organizing your argumentAristotelian or Classical argument

Goal: convince your audience of the strong position you are taking on a topic• Introduction of the claim• Explanation of the current situation

and the relevance of your claim. This is the key part of this argument

• Address the opposition• Provide your proof or data• Conclusion. Why your claim is right

Rogerian argumentGoal: finding a middle ground between the author and the audience• Introduction of the problem• First acknowledge the other side • Present your side• Bring the two sides together. This

is the key part of this argument• Conclusion. Benefits of a

balanced perspective


議論を二極化するのではなく共通の根拠を探そうとする手

Toulmin method


Thesis or claim Warrant or bridgeConclusion

DataEvidence that supports the

claim

Backing or foundation

The general thesis that the writer will argue for

Confirmation of the thesis or claim

Why or how the data supports the claim, what is the underlying assumption

Additional reasoning or logic to support the bridge

Counterclaim: A claim that negates or disagrees with the claimRebuttal: evidence that negates or disagrees with the counterclaim

Used for analyzing arguments

Example• Claim: Congress should ban animal research• Data: 1 million animals are tortured and killed in cosmetic research• Warrant or bridge: Unless there is a law against it, cosmetic

companies will continue testing on animals to save money• Backing or foundation: Only congress has authority to make those

laws• Counterclaim: A law to ban all animal research would go too far• Rebuttal: This ban should not apply to medical research• Conclusion: Congress should ban animal research not used for

lifesaving medical treatment


Go tokahoot.it


https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=dd62592b-7d2d-4508-8027-9a34f8973bab


Coherence and cohesion• Coherence: developing and supporting

your argument, connection of ideas• Cohesion: grammatically connecting ideas

Read this examples and identify coherence and cohesion• Climate change is a critical issue these days. Precipitation and temperature are

measured in many cities. There are methods that use data of precipitation and temperature to calculate indexes of climate change. Indexes of climate change are helpful to propose mitigation policies.

• Nowadays, climate change is one of the major issues of our society. Overpopulation is also one of the biggest issues of the modern world. It is caused by a number of reasons such as reduced mortality rate and better medical facilities. In this regard, the medical field has shown significant progress.

Coherence=可干渉性＝論理的一貫性

Cohesion=結合、凝集

降雨量

Style

• Wordiness• Length of sentences• Preciseness• Level of sophistication• Watch out for misused words• Adverbs and adjectives


Readings for next week

• Organization of a research paper• Organization of a literature review paper• Software to manage references• Word choice• Redundancies and jargon


Assignment 1A•Send your assignment by email to [email protected] by 11:59 on Friday Oct. 4th

•Include the following information: Tentative title of your paper Topic of your paper Type of paper



Advanced Academic Writing · 2019-10-02 · Presentation practice coached by native speakers in...

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