Adoption and diffusion of cloud computing in the … and diffusion of cloud computing in the public...
Transcript of Adoption and diffusion of cloud computing in the … and diffusion of cloud computing in the public...
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Adoptionanddiffusionofcloudcomputinginthepublicsector
– AcasestudyofZambia
ShullerHabeenzuITMC/RIAFocalPoint-Lusaka
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Zambia:AbriefOverview
• Rapidandyouthfulpopulationgrowth• Povertylevelsdeepeninginruralareas– highGinicoefficient• Increasingbudgetaryconstraintstomeetsocialneeds• Lackoffiscaldiscipline– unknownexternaldebtexposure• Significantfiscaldeficits• Governmentintroducesexcisedutyondatabundlessept2017(sameasairtime)
• Increasingly,governmentrequiredtodelivermoreforless
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SmartZambiaInitiative(launchedDec2015)
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SmartZambiaInitiativeADigitalTransformationAgenda
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SmartZambiaInstitute– tocoordinateSZ
OfficeofthePresident
MinistryofCommunicationsandTransport
ICTSectorPolicy
TelecommunicationsIndustry
ZICTA(Regulator)
ZambiaICTCollege ZambiaNationalDataCentre(SVP)
IndustrialDevelopmentCorporation
SmartZambiaInstitute
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CloudComputingPlatform
• SmartZambiaInitiativeispredicatedoncloudcomputing• ZambiaNationalDataCentretohostthegovernmentcloud• Nodefinitivebudgetfigures(partofanestimatedcostUS$65mdebtfinancedpackage)forSmartZambiaPhase1• SmartZambiaPhase2–• extendingnationalbackboneandmetrostoalldistricts(lowestgovernmentadministrativecentres)• Addressdigital-divide:Roll-out1000+LTEbasestationsby2012(throughstate-ownedZamtel)
• Governmentfavoursbig-bangapproachratherthangradualprogression
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ResearchObjectives
• Highlyusefulforpolicymakers• togaininsightsintothediffusionpatternsofcloudcomputinginthepublicsectorinZambia.• ToprovidethemuchneededresearchsupportforongoingcloudcomputingimplementationsinZambiaandotherdevelopingcountries(actionresearch).
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ResearchQuestions
• Whatarethecontextualfactorsthatareinfluencingtheadoptionandusageofcloudcomputing(inthepublicsectorpublicsector)inZambiaandinwhichway?(predictive)• WhatpolicyorstrategyinterventionsthatneedtobeconsideredtoinduceadoptionofcloudcomputinginZambia?(actionresearch)
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LiteratureReview
• Moststudieshaveexploretheimportanceofthetechnologicalfactorsaffectingcloudcomputingadoption.• However,theinfluencesofenvironmentalandorganisationalfactorsoncloudcomputingadoptionvaryacrossdifferentenvironments.• Therefore,thereisaneedtoanalysethedeterminantsofcloudcomputingadoptionindifferentsectorstoacquireabetterunderstandingofcloudcomputingadoption.• FeasibletoapplytheRogers’DOItheoryandtechnology-organisation-environment(TOE)frameworktoexplorethecloudcomputingadoption.
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Rogers’TheoryofInnovation andTOEModel
RateofCloudAdoption
ManagementConcerns
LegalIssues
Compatibility
ITAlignment
Trailability
SecurityIssues&Trust
Observability
Risks
Complexity
RelativeAdvantage
Theoretical andempiricalfactorsoperatingontherateofadoption.[Adaptedfrom(Kuiperetal.2014)]
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Approach
• CloudComputingisanascentindustryinthepublicsector• Complexadaptivesystem• Lackofhistoricaldataorperspective- limitedexperienceanddata
• TechnologyAdoption/acceptanceTheories• Rogers’TheoryofDiffusionofInnovation(DOI)• Technology,OrganisationandEnvironment(TOE)&
• Exploratoryandpredictiveapproach• Structuralequationmodelling- amultivariatestatisticalanalysistechniqueusedtoanalysestructural relationshipsbetweenmeasuredvariablesandlatentconstructs.
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ProposedResearchModel&Hypotheses
EnvironmentalFactors
H12(-):RisksH10(-):PolicyandLegalIssues
H14(+):GovernmentSupport
DEMOGRAPHICFACTORSAge
GenderEducation
Position/RoleExperience
OrganisationalFactors
H5(+):TechnologyReadiness
H8(+):Cloud/ITskills
H6(+):TopManagementSupport
IntentiontoAdoptCloudComputing
TechnologicalFactorsH1(+):RelativeAdvantage
H3(-):Complexity
H4(+):Trialability
H2(+):Compatibility
H54(+):Security&Privacy
11Constructs45SurveyItems
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DataCollectionandAnalysis
• Face-to-faceInterviewswithSmartZambiaseniormanagement• StructuredQuestionnaire– SamplepopulationdrawnfromSmartZambiatechnicalstaff• Datacollection(and validation)- anongoingprocess• Preliminarydescriptivedataanalysis-
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Selectedpreliminaryfindings
• PerceivedChallengesbySmartZambiaManagement:• Sustainability–
• DraftPolicyFramework:Lackofpolicyframework(nopublicdocumentationonSmartZambia)
• Funding– basedonexternalfunding–unknownbudget• Procurement– singlesourcingandnon-transparency• Technicalobsolesce/lock-in• HumanResourceCapacityconstraints-(60%ofkeystaffabove41yearsorabove)• Lackofbusinesscaseanalysis(topdowncommandstructure)
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Policyandregulatoryframeworks
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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LackofPolicyandprivacylaws
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Incentivestoadopt
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Pressuretoadoptcloudcomputing
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Job Opportunities
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Leadership
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Organisational ITreadiness
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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OrganisationalReadiness
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Capacitydevelopment
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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TopManagementSupport
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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PressuretoImplement
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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Security
StronglyDisagree StronglyAgree
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ImmediateNextSteps
• Revisitmodelwithaviewtowards– KISS(Keepitsimpleandsweet)• Addressdatagaps–• Face-to—faceInterviewswithITManagersinMinistries(triangulation)• Datacollection(SurveyQuestionnaire)
• DataValidation• Revisitsamplepopulationwithaviewtodetermineusefulrespondents
• InferentialDataAnalysis• Structuralequationmodelling(SEM-PLS)allowstestingandestimatingcomplexcause-effect(causal)relationshipsamongmultipleindependentanddependentconstructssimultaneously