Adolfo Quiles and Ricardo Goenaga USDA-ARS

Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS)Mayagüez, Puerto Rico

WEBSITE: http//:www.ars-grin.gov/may

Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources

Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) MISSION

• ASSESS TROPICAL SORGHUM AND DRY BEAN GENETIC

RESOURCES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE AND GENETIC

DIVERSITY AND DEVELOP GERMPLASM ADAPTED TO

TEMPERATE REGIONS.

• INTRODUCE, PRESERVE, EVALUATE, REGENERATE,

DISTRIBUTE TROPICAL FRUIT GERMPLASM AND DEVELOP

CULTURAL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR

TROPICAL/SUBTROPICAL CROPS.

TROPICAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH STATION (TARS)

• FOUNDED IN 1901.• BECAME PART OF THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE (1961)• PART OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM (NPGS)

MIAMI, FL.

1593 km

Regeneration sites

http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/

CRIS Project: 6635-21000-046-00D

Title: Seed Increase and Phytosanitary Assessment of Quarantined and Tropically- Adapted Genetic Resources

Overall Goal of the Project: To move Zea and Sorghum accessions through quarantine and to increase seed of selected genera of photoperiod sensitive crops thereby increasing genetic diversity within the collections.

Objectives: 1) Increase seed and conduct phytosanitary assessments for more than 1,000 NPGS

Sorghum and Zea accessions which are subject to quarantine restrictions, so as to make additional certified, pathogen-tested seeds available to users.

2) Regenerate approximately 8,000 NPGS accessions with few seeds, low viabilities, and adaptations to equatorial latitudes and long-seasons, emphasizing Sorghum, Zea, Vigna, Cucurbita, Leucaena, and Psophocarpus. Record key agronomic traits such as host-plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

-- Work conducted in very close collaboration with Dr. John Erpelding, Sorghum Curator; Mr. Mark Millard, Corn Curator, Dr. Gary Pederson, Acting Cowpea Curator, Dr. Bob Jarret, Cucurbits Curator and Dr. Brad Morris, Special-purpose Legumes Curator.

ROLE OF CURATORS FOR SEED REGENERATION

• SET PRIORITIES FOR GERMPLASM TO BE GROWN.

• REQUEST SEED FROM NATIONAL CENTER FOR GENETIC RESOURCES PRESERVATION (NCGRP), NORTH CENTRAL REGIONAL PI STATION (NCRPIS) OR PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES CONSERVATION UNIT(PGRCU).

• NCGRP, NCRPIS OR PGRCU PERSONNEL SEND SEED TO ST. CROIX OR TO MAYAGUEZ.

• HARVESTED SEED RETURNED TO PI STATIONS.

AGROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFST. CROIX

• ISLAND IS 22 MILES LONG AND 6 MILES WIDE

• SOIL: CLAYEY, CALCAREOUS SEDIMENTS OVER SOFT LIMESTONE OR MARL WITH pH OF 8.0 OR HIGHER

• AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL: 112 CENTIMETERS (44 INCHES)

• MONTHLY MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE: 27 TO 30 °C

• MONTHLY MINIMUM TEMPERATURE: 22 TO 25 °C

APHIS QUARANTINE PROTOCOL (REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668)

PREPLANTING

• SEED RECEIVED FROM FT. COLLINS, TREATED WITH 1.58% Na0Cl.

• ANNUAL DISEASE SURVEY CONDUCTED BY ARS AND APHISPATHOLOGISTS.

GROWING SEASON

• APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION FORPROHIBITED DISEASES.

REQUIREMENTS OF APHIS DEPARTMENTAL PERMIT #60668 (CONT.)

HARVEST

• APHIS AND ARS PATHOLOGISTS CONDUCT INSPECTION BEFORE HARVESTING OPERATION BEGIN.

• ARS PERSONNEL HARVEST SEED UPON APPROVAL OF PATHOLOGISTS.

• SEED IS SENT TO REGIONAL PLANT INTRODUCTION STATIONS.

• PLANT RESIDUES ARE DISPOSED OF BY DEEP PLOWING.

• PLOT REMAIN UNUSED FOR THREE YEARS.

YEARLY GROWOUTS

Sorghum Plantings: September – January (St. Croix) Corn Planting: May (St. Croix) Cowpea Planting: September (Isabela) Leucaena: September (St. Croix) Winged bean: September (St. Croix) Cucurbits: September (Isabela)

SORGHUM DESCRIPTORSVigor Sprouting Tillering Midrib color Anthesis HeightF. L. height B.o.P. height Pan.

exsertionMidrib color Juicy/dry midrib Pan. lengthP. erectness Height unif. Plant colorSt. waxiness Rust incidence Anth. incidenceYield potential Desirability

Sorghum Seed Cleaning Operation

CORN DESCRIPTORSEar height

Height to peduncleTotal plant height

Tassel type Ears/stalkTillers/stalkNodes/plant

Nodes above earShank length

Zea Crossing and Management

COWPEA DESCRIPTORSFlowering Flower color Leaf shape Maturity Plant habit Plant heightDry pod color Pod length Pod placePod position Pods/peduncle Seed coat colorSeed pattern Seed production Seed shapeSeed size Seed texture Harvest dateSeed patt. color

COWPEA SEED REGENERATION

CUCURBITS DESCRIPTORS

Fruit color Fruit diameter Fruit length Fruit shape Fruit spotting Fruit surfaceStripe color Sd. cavity color Unif. of colorUnif. of F. shape Unif. of F. size Unif. of F.

surfaceMaturity Fruit set Fruit weightLongi. grooves

CUCURBIT SEED SHAPE

PI 271360 PI 254926

Leucaena DESCRIPTORS

Branching FoliagePlant height

Maturity Width

Harvest date

Leucaena Regeneration

DESCRIPTORS: OTHER CROPS

Gourds: 10 descriptorsLuffa: 4 descriptorsWingbean: 2 descriptors

Winged Bean Regeneration

Sorghum seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit

Quarantine Increase Non-quarantine IncreaseYear Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Distribution

1987 -1999 6292 5814 8201 7915 PGRCU

2000 490 486 -- -- PGRCU

2001 1310 1290 493 407 PGRCU

2002 420 418 1415 1388 PGRCU

2003 -- -- 2100 2008 PGRCU

2004 420 417 2100 2037 PGRCU

2005 420 417 1260 1218 PGRCU

2006 420 399 2520 2487 PGRCU

2007 420 420 1260 1230 PGRCU

2008 420 382 1260 1259 PGRCU

2009 224 pending 1456 pending PGRCU

TOTAL 10612 10043 20599 19949

Grand Total 31211 29992

Corn seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction Research Unit

Quarantine Increase Non-quarantine IncreaseYear Planted Harvested Planted Harvested Destination

1989 -1999 1185 1118 774 756 NCRPIS 2000 -- -- -- --

NCRPIS

2001 -- -- 34 34 NCRPIS

2002 29 29 -- -- NCRPIS

2003 -- -- 42 42 NCRPIS

2004 42 42 -- -- NCRPIS

2005 54 54 -- -- NCRPIS

2006 61 61 -- -- NCRPIS

2007 126 106 -- -- NCRPIS

2008 185 162 -- -- NCRPIS

2009 116 103 -- -- NCRPIS

TOTAL 1798 1675 850 832 GRAND TOTAL 3480 2507

Cowpea seedstock (non-quarantined) production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit and Isabela Research Farm

Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination1995 102 66 PGRCU1996 31 29 PGRCU1996 23 20 PGRCU1997 6 4 PGRCU1998 30 23 PGRCU1999 6 6 PGRCU2000 50 50 PGRCU2001 51 51 PGRCU2002 51 51 PGRCU2003 52 52 PGRCU2004 52 51 PGRCU2005 52 44 PGRCU2006 52 52 PGRCU2007 52 51 PGRCU2008 52 52 PGRCU2009 52 52 PGRCU

TOTAL 714 602

Leucaena seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit

Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination

2004 15 14 PGRCU

2005 20 19 PGRCU

2006 20 19 PGRCU

2007 10 10 PGRCU

2008 20 13 PGRCU

2009 20 Pending PGRCU

TOTAL 85 75

Cucurbit seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Research Isabela Farm

Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination 2003 4 3 PGRCU

2004 12 5 PGRCU

2005 8 4 PGRCU

2006 12 4 PGRCU

2007 13 8 PGRCU

2008 16 4 PGRCU

2009 12 Pending PGRCU

TOTAL 65 28

Winged bean seedstock production at the USDA-ARS, Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit

Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination

2004 15 13 PGRCU

2005 20 4 PGRCU

2006 2 2 PGRCU

2007 0 0 PGRCU

2008 20 20 PGRCU

2009 20 Pending PGRCU

TOTAL 57 39

Pearl Millet seedstock production at the Germplasm Introduction and Research Unit

Accessions AccessionsYear Planted Harvested Destination 1996 231 230 PGRCU

1997 210 174 PGRCU

1998 196 193 PGRCU

1998 210 210 PGRCU

1999 239 239 PGRCU

TOTAL 1086 1046

THANKS,QUESTIONS?