Adolescent Development Psychology 242 Professor Jean Rhodes.
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Transcript of Adolescent Development Psychology 242 Professor Jean Rhodes.
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Adolescent Development
Psychology 242
Professor Jean Rhodes
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Adolescence in a Changing Population
• There are about 40 million 10-19 year olds in the U.S.– 14% of population
• Average age of parents is about 35• 27% of all children under 18 live with one
parent (mostly mothers)– 29% Hispanic– 53% African American
• 16% of children under 18 live below poverty
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Today’s Adolescents
Actual and Projected Number of U.S. Adolescents Aged 10-19, 2000-2100
Fig. 1.2
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Development Processes
Developmental Changes are a Result of Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
Fig. 1.3
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Development Processes
Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes
Biologicalprocesses
Physical changes within an
individual’s body.
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Development Processes
Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes Cognitive
processes
Changes inthinking andintelligence.
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Development Processes
Biological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Processes Socioemotional
processes
Changes inrelationships, emotions,
personality, and social contexts.
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Adolescence 242• Assignments:• Natural observation or flim clip (20%)• Midterm and Final examinations (35%
midterm, 40% final).: Multiple-choice, short answer, and short essay exam take will include questions about topics from the class. To do well, you will want to have studied information from class presentations and discussions, from readings, and from your observations.
• Attendance, reading, participation (5%)
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Periods of Development• Childhood
– Prenatal Period– Infancy– Early Childhood– Middle and Late Childhood
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Periods of Development• Adolescence
– Early Adolescence– Late Adolescence
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Periods of Development• Adulthood
– Early Adulthood– Middle Adulthood– Late Adulthood
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Adolescence & Early Adulthood
• Early adolescence– 11-15
• Late adolescence– 18-19
• Early adulthood– 19-30
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Historical Perspective• The 20th Century
– G. Stanley Hall’s Storm-and-Stress View– Margaret Mead’s Sociocultural View
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Myth of Storm and Stress• Most youth do not experience a stormy
adolescence• Those who do, often exhibit problems
throughout childhood• Adolescence is generally a time of continued
positive relations with parents, and most adopt their parents’ values
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Theories of Adolescence: G Stanley Hall
• Recapitulation Theory:– life-span changes mirror evolutionary changes of
humans from ape-like to civilized.– First person to present a scientific theroy of
developoment that thought of adolescence as a distinct portion of the life span
• A period of transition from being “beastlike” to being “humanlike”
– Based on a misunderstanding of Darwinian theory
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Theory
• An interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions
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Psychoanalytic theories
Superego Id Ego
• Freud
Personality Structure
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PsychoanalyticFreud
– Defense Mechanisms• Unconscious methods the ego uses to distort
reality and protect itself from anxiety
• Examples: Repression and Regression
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PsychoanalyticFreud
Fig. 2.1
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PsychoanalyticRevisions of Freud’s Theories
– Less emphasis on sexual motivations– More emphasis on social aspirations
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Psychoanalytic
(Continued…)Fig. 2.3
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Psychoanalytic(Continued from previous slide)
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CognitivePiaget
Fig. 2.4
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CognitiveVygotsky
– Cognitive skills are mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse
– Cognitive skills have their origins in social relations
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Information Processing Theory
– How information is: • Perceived• Encoded• Represented• Stored• Retrieved
Cognitive
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BehavioralSkinner
– The scientific study of observable behavior responses and their environmental determinants
– Behavior is learned and often changes according to environmental experience
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Social CognitiveBandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
Fig. 2.5
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Ecological, ContextualBronfenbrenner
– Microsystem– Mesosystem– Exosystem– Macrosystem
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Bronfenbrenner• Levels
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Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
Eclectic Theoretical Orientation
– Not following any one theoretical approach, but rather selecting from each theory whatever is considered the best in it