Administración de Sistemas de Información
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CHAPTER 1. THE CHAPTER 1. THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEMS REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING BUSINESS AND BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
EXPOSITOR:M.Sc. Víctor Pando Beltrá[email protected]
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Learning objectives (#1)Learning objectives (#1)
• Define information systemsDefine information systems
• COMPUTER LITERACY versus COMPUTER LITERACY versus INFORMATION SYSTEMS LITERACYINFORMATION SYSTEMS LITERACY
• Explain impact of information Explain impact of information systems on organization & systems on organization & managementmanagement
**
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Learning objectives (#2)Learning objectives (#2)
• Compare electronic commerce & Compare electronic commerce & electronic business, relationship to electronic business, relationship to internet & digital technologyinternet & digital technology
• Identify major management Identify major management challenges to building, using challenges to building, using information systemsinformation systems
**
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Management challenges Management challenges (Sections)(Sections)
• Why information systems?Why information systems?
• Contemporary approaches to Contemporary approaches to information systemsinformation systems
• New role of info systems in New role of info systems in organizationsorganizations
• Learning to use info systems: new Learning to use info systems: new opportunities with technologyopportunities with technology
**
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Business Environment Business Environment (sections)(sections)
•GlobalizationGlobalization
•Industrial economiesIndustrial economies
•Transformation of the Transformation of the enterpriseenterprise
**
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GlobalizationGlobalization
• Future Success Factor (Globalization)Future Success Factor (Globalization)
• Management & control (IT)Management & control (IT)
• Competition in world marketsCompetition in world markets
• Global work groups (SW Team)Global work groups (SW Team)
• Global delivery systems (Real and Global delivery systems (Real and Virtual)Virtual)
**
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Transformation of Industrial Transformation of Industrial EconomiesEconomies
• Knowledge- (Info-) based economiesKnowledge- (Info-) based economies
• Productivity (System Quality)Productivity (System Quality)
• New products & servicesNew products & services
• Knowledge as an assetKnowledge as an asset
• Time-based competitionTime-based competition
• Shorter product lifeShorter product life
• Turbulent environmentTurbulent environment
• Limited employee knowledge baseLimited employee knowledge base
**
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Transformation of Transformation of enterpriseenterprise• FlatteningFlattening
• DecentralizationDecentralization
• FlexibilityFlexibility
• Location independenceLocation independence
• Low transaction costsLow transaction costs
• Empowerment (Electric-Firms)Empowerment (Electric-Firms)
• Collaborative workCollaborative work
**
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Knowledge- and Knowledge- and information-intense information-intense productsproducts
• Products that require a great deal Products that require a great deal of learning & knowledge to produceof learning & knowledge to produce
• Employing Millions of PeopleEmploying Millions of People
• Optimize within Organization and Optimize within Organization and Maximize Firm’s Knowledge Maximize Firm’s Knowledge ResourcesResources
**
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LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1996 LABOR FORCE COMPOSITION 1900-1996 (Figure 1-1)(Figure 1-1)
Source: Laudon & Laudon 2000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1996
YEAR
% SERVICE
% WHITECOLLAR% BLUECOLLAR% FARMING
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INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
What is SYSTEM ?What is SYSTEM ?
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FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM (figure FUNCTIONS OF AN INFORMATION SYSTEM (figure 1-3)1-3)
INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS
FEEDBACK
INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT
Customers Suppliers Customers Suppliers
Regulatory Regulatory Stockholders CompetitorsStockholders CompetitorsAgenciesAgencies
ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION
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INFORMATION SYSTEMSINFORMATION SYSTEMS (Figure 1-4)(Figure 1-4)
ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
INFORMATIOINFORMATIONN
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
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Computer-based information Computer-based information systems systems (CBIS)(CBIS)
• Formal systemsFormal systems
• Fixed definitions of data, proceduresFixed definitions of data, procedures
• Collecting, storing, processing, Collecting, storing, processing, disseminating, using datadisseminating, using data
**
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A Business Perspective on A Business Perspective on Information SystemsInformation Systems
• Organizational and Management Organizational and Management Solution, based on IT, posed by Env.Solution, based on IT, posed by Env.
• Information Systems Literacy – Information Systems Literacy – Computer LiteracyComputer Literacy
• SOPs (Standard Operation SOPs (Standard Operation Procedures)Procedures)
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Major organizational Major organizational functions (Table 1-2)functions (Table 1-2)
• Sales & marketingSales & marketing
• ManufacturingManufacturing
• FinanceFinance
• AccountingAccounting
• Human resourcesHuman resources
**
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Computer technologyComputer technology
• HardwareHardware
• SoftwareSoftware
• StorageStorage
• CommunicationsCommunications
• NetworkNetwork
**
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APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS (#1) (Figure 1-5)(#1) (Figure 1-5)
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
POLITICAL POLITICAL SCIENCESCIENCE
PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY
COMPUTER COMPUTER
SCIENCESCIENCEOPERATIONS OPERATIONS
RESEARCHRESEARCH
MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
SCIENCESCIENCE
MISMIS
TECHNICAL APPROACHESTECHNICAL APPROACHES
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHESBEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
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APPROACHES TO INFO APPROACHES TO INFO SYSTEMS (#2)SYSTEMS (#2)
• Techincal ApproachTechincal Approach– Computer scienceComputer science– Management ScienceManagement Science– Operations ResearchOperations Research
• Behavioral ApproachesBehavioral Approaches– SociologistsSociologists– PsychologistsPsychologists– EconomistsEconomists
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Sociotechnical perspective (#1)Sociotechnical perspective (#1)
Optimize system performance:Optimize system performance:
Technology & organization mutually Technology & organization mutually adjust to one anotheradjust to one another
Until fit is satisfactoryUntil fit is satisfactory
**
SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987
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A Sociotechnical Perspective A Sociotechnical Perspective on IS (#2) (Figure 1-6)on IS (#2) (Figure 1-6)
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SYSTEM SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE
BUSINESSBUSINESS
StrategyStrategy
RulesRules
ProceduresProcedures
ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
HARDWAREHARDWARE
SOFTWARESOFTWARE DATABASEDATABASE
TELE-TELE-COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE
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• 1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES1950s: TECHNICAL CHANGES
• 60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL60s-70s: MANAGERIAL CONTROL
• 80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES80s-90s: INSTITUTIONAL CORE ACTIVITIES
Growing importanceGrowing importance
**
Scope of info systemsScope of info systems
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Network Revolution & Network Revolution & InternetInternet
• NetworkNetwork
• Internet Internet Platform Platform
• New Business ModelsNew Business Models
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What you can do on the What you can do on the internetinternet
• Communicate & collaborateCommunicate & collaborate
• Access informationAccess information
• DiscussDiscuss
• Obtain informationObtain information
• EntertainmentEntertainment
• Transact business Transact business
**
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New options for organizational New options for organizational design (sections)design (sections)
• Flattening organizationsFlattening organizations
• Separating work from locationSeparating work from location
• Reorganizing work-flowsReorganizing work-flows
• Increasing flexibilityIncreasing flexibility
• Redefining organizational Redefining organizational boundariesboundaries
**
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Flattening OrganizationsFlattening Organizations
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SALES & MARKETING
COMPANY
FINANCE COMPANY
LOGISTICS
COMPANY
DESIGN
COMPANY
MANUFACTURING
COMPANY
VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONVIRTUAL ORGANIZATION
CORECORE
COMPANYCOMPANY
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The changing management The changing management process (sections)process (sections)
• Electronic commerceElectronic commerce
• Electronic businessElectronic business
• Electronic marketElectronic market
**
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Electronic MarketElectronic Market
• Exchange Information, Products, Exchange Information, Products, Services, and PaymentsServices, and Payments
• Retail (exp. AllBook.com.tw)Retail (exp. AllBook.com.tw)
• Wholesale (exp. ChinaSteel)Wholesale (exp. ChinaSteel)
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Electronic commerceElectronic commerce
• Internet links buyers, sellersInternet links buyers, sellers
• Lowers transaction costsLowers transaction costs
• Goods & services Goods & services advertised, advertised, bought, exchanged worldwidebought, exchanged worldwide
• Business-to-business transactions Business-to-business transactions increasingincreasing
**
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Electronic businessElectronic business
• Intranet: business builds private, Intranet: business builds private, secure networksecure network
• E-mail, web documents, group E-mail, web documents, group software extends effective software extends effective
communication & communication & controlcontrol
• Virtual organizationVirtual organization
**
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EC & EB in Networked EC & EB in Networked EnterpriseEnterprise
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Challenge of info systemsChallenge of info systems
• Strategic: competitive & effectiveStrategic: competitive & effective
• Globalization: multinational infoGlobalization: multinational info
• Info architecture: support goalsInfo architecture: support goals
• Investment: value of informationInvestment: value of information
• Responsibility & control: ethicsResponsibility & control: ethics
**
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Connect to the Connect to the INTERNETINTERNET
© 2001 Laudon & Laudon, Essentials of Management Information Systems 4/e
Laudon/Laudon Web site: http://www.prenhall.com/laudon
Additional Internet Resources related to this chapter:http://www.dell.com
http://www.amazon.com http://www.firstunion.com
http://www.intel.com http://www.clemson.edu/ http://www.gatech.eduhttp://www.bath.ac.uk http://www.intranet.comhttp://www.ascusc.org/jcmc/vol1/issue1/index.html
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CHAPTER 1. THE CHAPTER 1. THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEMS REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION
TRANSFORMING TRANSFORMING BUSINESS AND BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
EXPOSITOR:M.Sc. Víctor Pando Beltrá[email protected]