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Ecology is the scientific study of therelations that living organisms have with

respect to each other and theirnaturalenvironment. Topics of interest toecologists include the composition,distribution, amount (biomass), number,

and changing states of organisms withinand among ecosystems.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science


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An ecosystem is an area in the world where livingand non living features interacts with each other.Ecosystems can be as small as a fish tank and as

big the world we live in. Lets take yourneighborhood park for example, think of all theliving organisms: squirrels, birds, chipmunks, andplants. Then think about all the non livingfeatures: the temperature, the water, the soil, the

air, the rain, sun. For example the plants interactwith the sun, soil, and temperature; with bad soilthe plant can't grow, without the sun it can'tmake food and if the temperature is to low or tohigh the plant will die.


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Arthur Tansley, a British ecologist, was thefirst person to use the term "ecosystem" in

a published work. Tansley devised theconcept to draw attention to theimportance of transfers of materialsbetween organisms and their

environment.[
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Tansleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Tansleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Tansley


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There are two components of anecosystem; Living components and nonliving components.


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Living components in an ecosystem areeither producers or consumers. They arealso called biotic components.Producers can produce organiccomponents e.g. plants can producestarch, carbohydrates, cellulose from aprocess called photosynthesis.Consumers are the components that aredependent on producers for their foode.g. human beings and animals.


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Non living components are the physical andchemical factors that directly or indirectlyaffect the living components e.g. air, water,

land, rock etc. Non living components arealso called Abiotic components.

Physical factors includes: sunlight, water, fire,

soil, air, temperature etc. Chemical factors includes: moisture, salinity of

water, soil nutrients, oxygen dissolved in wateretc


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The main function of ecosystem is energytransferred through food to animals &

continue maintain food cycle


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In an ecosystem there are two processesproceeding simultaneously:

1 ) Energy flow and2 ) Biogeochemical cycle

The energy flow is in a single direction andis non-cyclic where as Biogeochemicalflow is cyclic (Any mineral cycle)


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There are basically two types of

ecosystems; Terrestrial and Aquatic. Allother sub-ecosystems fall under thesetwo.


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Terrestrial ecosystems are found everywhereapart from water bodies. They are broadlyclassified into:

The Forest Ecosystem

The Desert Ecosystem

The Grassland Ecosystem The Mountain Ecosystem


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An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem

located in a body of water. It comprisesaquatic fauna, flora and the propertiesof water too. There are two types ofaquatic ecosystems, Marine and

freshwater.


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Producers are any kind of green plant.Green plants make their food by taking

sunlight and using the energy to makesugar. The plant uses this sugar, alsocalled glucose to make many things,such as wood, leaves, roots, and bark.

Trees, such as they mighty Oak, and thegrand American Beech, are examples ofproducers.


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Consumers have to feed on producers orother consumers to survive. Deer are

herbivores, which means that they only eatplants (Producers). Bears are anotherexample of consumers. Black bears areomnivores and scavengers, like skunks and

raccoons, which means that they will eat justabout anything. In a forest community, BlackBears will eat blueberries, bugs, acorns, and

many kinds of nuts.


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Decomposers are the garbage men ofthe animal kingdom; they take all the

dead animals and plants (consumersand decomposers) and break themdown into their nutrient components sothat plants can use them to make more

food. Decomposers in the forest come inmany different shapes and sizes.


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Producers

Decomposers

Consumers Consumers

Proprducers

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