Adel-maize and Adel wheat as tools for simulating the dynamics of 3D canopies
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Adel-maize and Adel wheatas tools for simulating the dynamics of 3D canopies
Bruno Andrieu and Christian Fournier
INRA, UMR EGC 78850 Thiverval-Grignon
[email protected]@grignon.inra.fr
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Why models of plant architecture ?
• Component of FSPMs
• Tools to simulate the time curse of 3D canopy structure – Modelling the environment perceived by
individual plant organs – Improving prediction of statistical
variables
• Intermediate approachs : eg 3D models interfaced with crop models
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Specific aspects
• Kinetics of development, extension and senescence of individual plant organs
• Patterns of size of mature blade, sheaths, internodes
• 3D geometry– Leaf geometry and orientation– Axe orientation
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Adel-maize
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Scheme of development
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Schedule of organ extension
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
0 300 600 900
Thermal time (°Cj)
Ran
k of
the
Phy
tom
er
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Size of mature leaves along the shoot
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 10 20 30Phytomer number
Are
a of
the
lam
inae
(cm
²)
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Parametrisation of midrib curvature
Prévot et al, 1991
Ax²+bxcx²+dy²+e=0
Phi ?
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Measured vs simulated light interception
Tau
x de
cou
vert
ure
Indice foliaire
,
,
,
, ,
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Exemple of application B. Andrieu, G. Popa, Y. Sohbi, C. Fournier
•A field experiment was reproduced in silico, enabling incident PAR to be calculated for all individual leaf
Final width of all laminas above 4 could be interpreted as the product of two simple functions : Wmax = (n) *f(E)
(n) f(E) # ln(E)
0
0,5
1
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Cumulated flux (KJ/m²)
f(E
)
F4 à F6
F7 à F9
F10 à F13
F14 à F16
0,139*log(E/14,3414)
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15Phytomer
(n
)
•Thus response of width of lamina to density appear to be a function of local light availability.
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In progress• Ability to simulate a range of
contrasted genotypes• More generic description of leaf
geometry• Investigation on plasticity of
architecture under contrasted environmental conditions (density, cold).
Still far from mechanistic simulation
But good progress in identifying the degree of freedom
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Wheat architecture
D 250
T0
T1
f11 f 12
D 70
T1
T0
Feuille
Entre-nœud
Bourgeon axillaire
PHYTOMERE
f8 f7f7f 9
f 8 f 7
f 8f 6f 6
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Size of matures laminae along the shoot
D 70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Phytomer
Le
ng
th o
f la
min
ae
(c
m)
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
D 70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Relative phytomer number
bm
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
Le
ng
th o
f la
min
ae
(c
m)
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A unique shift applies to laminae, sheath and internodes
Sheath D70
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Relatif phytomer number
Lo
ng
uer
(cm
)
bm
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
len
gth
(cm
)
Entrenoeud D70
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Phytomere relatif
L en
tren
oeud
bm
t1
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
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Kinetics of leaf extension follows a single pattern
along the shoot
See also Fournier et al New Phytol 2005
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Prevot et al (1991) maize leaf fitted to wheat leaves
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See also Fournier et al 2003 in PMA03Evers et al, New Phytol 2005
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In progress• with UCL (J. Watt, J. Hillier, P. Lewis)
– Multi-genotype version– Duration of leaves– Use in Remote sensing
• With WUR (J. Evers, J. Vos)– Extension to spring wheat– Tillering– Incorporating photosynthesis
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Blade length
Sheath length
Internode length
After J. Watt
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To be further investigated
• Still few is known about the quality of 3D representation for RT investigations– Tropism, shade avoidance <-> clumping
• How far can we decrease the number in model parameters (due to low RT sensitivity, or stable patterns)– eg in describing leaf shape (in progress)
• Genericity over a range of genotypes, species
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Remaining to be modelled
• Distribution and time curse of leaf exchange properties (Cab, H20, etc ..) and death to drive a leaf reflectance model
• How kinetics of extension and mature size of organs is driven by environment (H20, Nitrogen, density)
• Ear development and optical properties
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In progress• with UCL (J. Watt, J. Hillier, P. Lewis)
– Multi-genotype version– Duration of leaves– Use in Remote sensing
• With WUR (J. Evers, J. Vos)– Extension to spring wheat– Tillering– Incorporating photosynthesis