Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement No. 75: 25-31 (2008).

The original non-volant land mammal fauna of Faure Island,Shark Bay, Western Australia

Alexander BaynesDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Western Australian Museum,

Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986 Australia; E-mail: alex.baynes@museum.wa.gov.au

Abstract - Remains of four species of non-volant native mammals have beenfound on Faure Island: Perameles bougainvi1le (Western Barred Bandicoot),Bettongia penicillata (Woylie or Brush-tailed Bettong), Pseudomys fieldi(Shark Bay Mouse) and Rattus tunneyi (Pale Field-rat). Three of these species,Pe. bougainville, B. penicillata and Ps. fieldi, are abundant and their remainsare recorded from several or most dune 'blowout' sites and all are recordedfrom a substantial cave deposit. These three were members of the original (i.e.immediately pre-European) fauna of Faure Island. Rattus tunneyi, in contrast,is known from a single specimen from a dune blowout, but is not recordedfrom the cave deposit. It appears unlikely to have been a member of theoriginal fauna, but rather the specimen may be a relict from an earlier fauna,or may have been carried to the island from the mainland by a predator.Comparison with other islands in Shark Bay suggests that, at some 5800 ha inarea, Faure Island should have carried more than three mammal species.There is no evidence that the island has been significantly smaller at any timesince it was formed by rising sea level about 7000 years ago. A lack of habitatdiversity or extremes of temperature or drought may have reduced thenumber of mammal species over the millenia, or it is just possible that theoriginal fauna may have included other small species with restricted habitatrequirements whose remains have not been detected. It is, however, veryunlikely that any other medium-sized mammal originally occurred on theIsland.

Key words: relict, cave deposit, island, Shark Bay

INTRODUCTIONFaure Island is one of many continental shelf

islands along the Western Australian coast cut offfrom the mainland by glacio-eustatic sea level risein the most recent glacial-interglacial cycle (Main1961; Wilson 2008). Geomorphologically, it is partof the eastern prong of Peron Peninsula, which is aridge that lies above present sea level probablybecause it is underlain by an anticline (Hocking eta1. 1987; Playford 1990). The Peninsula and FaureIsland are composed mainly of Peron Sandstone,overlain by red aeolian Nilemah Sands (Hocking eta1. 1987; Playford 1990). Minor marine units and'white' Holocene aeolian dunes occur around thecoasts. The latter, are particularly prevalent in areasof coast where the southerly summer sea 'breezes'blow onshore.Although there are no data bearing directly on

the question of the exact timing of the separationof Faure Island from Peron Peninsula, this is likelyto have occurred about 7000 calendar years ago,when present sea level was first reached (Thornand Chappell 1975: radiocarbon dates recal-ibrated). The water gap between Petit Point (onPeron Peninsula) and Faure Island is very shallow

- there is anecdotal evidence that under suitableconditions of water depth, which is mainlycontrolled by tidal and seasonal effects, emus canwade across it (R.E. Johnstone personalcommunication March 2000; J.N.S. Williamspersonal communication October 2006), and it isshown on some maps as all tidal flats. But therehas been uplift of the land of about 2 m comparedto mean sea level in Shark Bay during theHolocene (Thorn and Chappell 1975), presumablydecreasing the water depth since 7000 years ago.The Faure Sill, that runs from the east of FaureIsland to the mainland, formed about 4200 yearsago (Playford 1990), subsequent to islandformation and sea level stabilization, and is a newstructure rather than the remains of the last landconnection to the Island. Therefore the lastconnection was to Peron Peninsula, and themammal fauna on the diminishing land mass thatwould become Faure Island would have been asubset of that then occurring on Peron Peninsula,which would itself have been a subset of theregional fauna, due to the peninsula effect. Theoriginal (i.e., immediately pre-European) landmammal fauna of Peron Peninsula has been

DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.75.2008.025-031

26

investigated by Baynes (1990, 2000, 2007) usingremains from the surfaces of small cave deposits.No specimens of living native non-volant

mammals are known to have been obtained fromFaure Island, and nothing was known about itsoriginal mammal fauna until 1972, when the skullof a Woylie (or Brush-tailed Bettong, Bettongiapenicillata), picked up on the island by Dick Hoult,wp's donated to the Western Australian Museum.That specimen wap placed in the modern mammalcollection, wiLl,. the catalogue number M9544. GregHarold and Angela Sanders visited Faure Island inNovember 1989 in the course of a survey of theShark Bay region undertaken as a contract for thethen Department of Conservation and LandManagement (G.R. Harold personal communicationApril 2000). They set out several trap lines and ranthem for several nights, and caught House Mice(Mus musculus) but no native mammals. During avisit to the Island by Martin Copley and TimFlannery in December 1999 further skeletal materialwas obtained from dune blowouts on the westcoast, near where the original skull had been found.The bones included more jaw specimens of Woylie,three jaws of Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys fieldl)and three damaged limb bones consistent withWestern Barred Bandicoot (Peramelesbougainville). In April 2000 Martin Copley andBarry Wilson found more Woylie remains in a duneblowout at the southwestern corner of the Island.

MATERIALS AND METHODSI joined the Faure Island biological survey

expedition for one week, 23-29 May 2000, to searchfor further mammal skeletal remains, and try todiscover the full original non-volant mammalfauna. Reports from Martin Copley, and resultsobtained on earlier visits by others (above),suggested that such remains might be found in twotypes of situations: the dune blowouts and in smallcaves in the cliffs along some parts of the Islandcoast. I therefore concentrated on such areas,searching caves in cliffs along the southern eastcoast and northern west coast, and sand duneblowouts along the south and west coasts. I did notvisit the north coast, the northern east coast, or thespit on the southern side of the main mangrove. InJuly 2006 Jiri and Marie Lochman discovered anowl pellet deposit in a small cave in a cliff at thenorthern end of the east coast of the Island. I visitedthe Island again 20-22 October 2006, and locatedtwo caves in that area that contained nativemammal bones. I made a large collection from oneof them, which subsequent discussion with JiriLochman has confirmed was the cave that he found(J. Lochman personal communication July 2007).The bone material obtained during both periods

of field work was identified, using, where

A. Baynes

necessary, comparative material from the vertebratepalaeontological collection of the WesternAustralian Museum.

RESULTS

SitesI failed to find a single bone of a native mammal

in any of the caves during the 2000 field work. Ifound that surprising, as such remains can usuallybe found in coastal caves around most of Shark Bayand its other islands (Baynes 1990, 2000). It is notclear why the only owl pellet deposit should occurin the cliff at the northern end of the east coast,when many of the caves in the other cliffed areasappear to be suitable as owl roosts. There may be asubtle difference in the geology of the rock in whichthe caves have developed, perhaps being slightlymore alkaline, contributing to the preservation ofbone; or the explanation may lie in the formerpresence on the Island of goats which had used thelarger caves as shelters, kicking the contents outonto the talus slopes below, where bones rapidlydeteriorate in the sun, as is still happening on DirkHartog Island (Baynes 2006). The Faure Island duneblowouts, on the other hand, were almost allproductive in 2000.The sites (Figure 1) are described below and are

numbered around the island in a clockwisedirection beginning with the large blowout behindthe main mangrove at the southern end of the westcoast.Bl. Big blowout in 'white' dunes stretching for

about 1 km along the curved north-east coastof the main mangrove. Centre of site GPS(WGS 84): 25°52'24"S, 113°52'39"E.

B2. Blowout in 'white' dunes on the northern coastof the next bay to the north-west of B1; dunesnot so high or extending so far inland as Bl.No GPS co-ordinates recorded.

B3. Blowout in a high red dune at the western endof the main east-west fence. This is where theoriginal Woylie specimen was found (D. Houltpersonal communication May 2000). No GPSco-ordinates recorded.

B4. Blowout in a 'white' dune at the western endof the main east-west fence, just to the north ofB3. No GPS co-ordinates recorded.

B5. Big blowout in a large red dune on thenorthern west coast of the island. Centre ofsite GPS (standard not recorded): 25°49'49"S.,113°51'14"E.

B6. Blowout in small pinkish 'white' dune, nearthe old pearlers' camp on the north-west pointof the Island. GPS (standard not recorded):25°49'01"S, 113°51'13"E.

Cl. Small cave in low cliff about 5 m above sealevel at the northern end of the east coast,found by A. Baynes, J.N.S. Williams and c.c.

----------

Non-volant mammal fauna 27

C3

87

;.;,,,,

;

,~'t'---C2

Middle

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89

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;

Kilometres

Legend• •••• Track

~.:.::~/.:; Birrida (clay pan)_ Mixed mangrove

and samphireN

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,,···\\,...•,··" ..,: ... :':.::'.~\ "' ............. J".. ........________~ • .. ... ~::..:':J;... ,............."l. "\ .......... -....... .. ... \. .

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Figure 'I Location of mammal bones collected on Faure Island including Sites Cl to C3 and 131 to 139.

Stephens, 21 Oct 2006. Cl'S (WCS 84):I 13°54'34"E.

C2. Small cave at the southern end of the mostnortherly sweep of cliff on the east coast of theIsland. First discovered J. andM. Lochman.19 Jul who collected bones from it.Relocated A. 2] Oct 2006. Cl'S

25'49'51 ]]3'54'31 m a.s.l.Sediments dug out of the cave to a depth ofabout .5 cm and screened on 22 Oct 211116 A.".''''-''>0 and C.c. Stephens.

C3. Cliff on the mid east coast adjacent to a spit

with mangroves. No Cl'S co-ordinatesrecorded.

137. Blowout in 'white' dunes along the south coasteast of the homestead. No Cl'S co-ordinatesrecorded.

138. Blowout in 'white' dunes the south coastwest of the homestead. No Cl'S co-ordinatesrecorded.

139. Blowout in pinkish-coloured dune east ofthe land cove. No (;1'5 co-ordinatesrecorded."

28

MammalspeciesThenumbersofidentifiedmammal remainsrecordedfromthevarioussites,includingthosecollectedbyothers,aregiveninTable1.Inmostcasesthenumbersarebasedupontoothrowsfromleftandrightupperandlowerjaws.ButcountsofPeramelesfromsiteC2arebaseduponcalcanea(heelbones:oneright,oneleftperanimal),whicharemuchmoreabundantinthatsamplethanjaws.Practicallyalltheremainsaredissociated,sointheveryfewcaseswhereleftandrightuppertoothrowsareassociatedthesearecountedastwojaws.However,theskullandtwolowerjawsfromsiteB7arealmostcertainlyfromthesameanimal,sothesearecountedasoneindividual,differentiatedfromtheothercountsbyplacingthenumberinbrackets.

Tachyglossusaculeatus(Short-beakedEchidna)TheechidnawasalmostcertainlynotamemberoftheoriginalfaunaoftheIsland,becausenoneofitshighlycharacteristicskeletalremainshavebeenfoundinanyoftheblowoutsites.TheHoultfamilyreportedin2000thatoneechidna(or"porcupine")wasseenontheIslandinthe1930sand1940s,andthattheyhadintroducedanotheronewithinthepreviousdecade.Noactualsightingsofechidnaweremadeduringthesurvey.But,inadditiontothesignsfoundintheeastcoastcliffsbymembersofthesurveyexpedition,echidnatracksnomorethanaweekoldwereshowntomebyDickHoultin'white'dunesnearthewelltothesouth-westofthehomestead.Itseemsunlikelythatbothanimalsstillsurvivedontheisland,andmoreprobablethatoneanimalwasmovingbetweenthetwoareas.Cliffswithcavesarefavouritesheltersforechidnas,andtheC3areaappearedtohavebeenusedarelativelyshorttimebeforethesurveyasthescatwasfairlyfresh(stillsmelly).

Peramelesbougainville(WesternBarredBandicoot)Remainsofthisspeciesfromthreedifferent

A.Baynes

blowoutsitesin'white'dunesandonecavedepositinthecliffsatthenorthernendoftheeastcoast,establishthatthisspecieswasamember oftheoriginalmammalfaunaoftheIsland.

Bettongiapenidllata(WoylieorBrush-tailedBettong)RemainsoftheWoylieareabundantandrecordedfromalloftheIslandsitesthatcontainedbone,probablybecauseitsjawsarelargeandresistanttoweathering, andobviousonthegroundtoasearcher.Thespecieswasclearlyamemberoftheoriginalfauna.ItwouldbedesirabletousealltheFaureIslandmaterial, andthatfromthesitesonPeronPeninsula,tocheckthatthesepopulationswere conspecificwith trueB. penicillataofsouthwesternAustralia, ratherthanthepoorly-knownaridzonebrush-tailedbettongBettongiaanhydraFinlayson,1957,originallydescribedasasubspeciesofB.penicillata.

Pseudomysfieldi(SharkBayMouse)Remainsofthisspeciesfromthreedifferentblowoutsitesin'white'dunes,Bl,B2andB4,andabundantremainsfromcaveC2,establishthatthisspecieswasalsoamemberoftheoriginalmammalfaunaoftheIsland.

Rattushmneyi(PaleField-rat)ThisspeciesisonlyrepresentedbyasinglejawfromtheBl'white'duneblowout.WhereitoccursonthemainlandintheSharkBayareaR.tunneyiistypicallyabundantinbothcavedepositsandasalivinganimalinHolocene'white'coastaldunes.Itispossiblethatthesinglespecimendatesfromatimewhen FaureIslandwas partofPeronPeninsula(wherethespecieswas partoftheoriginalfauna:Baynes1990,2000,2007).However,thespecimeniswhite incolourandthereforeprobablyoriginatesfromwithina'white'dune,which, sincetheblowoutscontainabundantmarine mollusc shells,probablypost-datessea

Table1 Numbersofboneremainsofnon-volantterrestrialmammalspeciesrecordedfromvarioussitesonFaureIsland.- =notrecorded;(1)=oneindividual(4jaws);X=recordbasedonnon-skeletalmaterial(spineandscat).

B B B B B B C C C B B B1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 7 8 9

TachyglossusaculeahlsX(Short-beakedEchidna)

l'eramelesbougainville(WesternBarredBandicoot) 4 2 3 ]6

Bettongiapenicillata(1) 6(Woylie) 128 14 3 4 2 2

Pseudomvsfieldi( ~ BayMouse) 2 5 3 ]97

Rattustunneyi(PaleField-rat)

Musmusculus(HouseMouse)

I

l,..

Non-volantmammalfauna

levelreachingitspresentheight,andisland'formation,about7,000yearsago.

Musmusculus(HouseMouse)Asmallbrownmouse, identifiedbyG.R.Harold

in1989asMus musculus, iscommononFaureIsland,andwastrappedduringthebiologicalsurveyin2000(SchmitzandRichards2008).Interestingly,noremainsofM musculuswerefoundinthecavedeposits,orpickedupfromanyoftheblowoutsites,inspiteoftheirabundanceinthesurroundingSpinifexvegetation,asindicatedbythefrequencyofsmallmuridtracksonthedunes.Thismayindicatethatthereweresufficientscavengers,intheformofGould's Monitor (VaranusgouldiJ),birdsofpreyand/orferalCats, ontheIslandtoconsumeanyanimalsthatdied.Onotherislandsintheregionwithnativemammal faunas(suchasBernier), skeletalremainsarequitecommononthesurfaceoftheground(author'sunpublishedobservations).Also,Shortridge(1936)pickeduptheskullofaSharkBayMouse (reportedunderthenameIfMusgouldi")onBernierIslandin1906.

DISCUSSION

TheageofthemammalremainsfromcaveC2AlthoughtheowlpelletdepositincaveC2was

notdiscovereduntil2006,thatis,afterthere-introductiontoFaureofPseudomysfieldiin2002andPerameles bougainvillein2005,italmostcertainlycontainstheoriginalfaunaoftheIsland,andnotremainsoftherecentlyre-introducedpopulations.Themostimportantevidenceforthis

29

'isthecompleteabsenceof'Musmuscuius r ~ thesample.Ifthedesposithadbeenaccumulatedwithinthelastdecade,itisextremelyimprobablethattherewouldbesomany remainsofP. fieldiandnotasinglespecimenofMus. Also,nointactowlpelletsremainedintheC2 deposit,andthemammalbonesvaryincolourfromcreamtolightbrown,consistentwithhavinglaininthedepositfordecadesorevencenturies.Noneofthemammalmaterial hasthetypicaltransluC':ent i r- ~tc;olourofveryrecentlyaccumulatedbones.

Theoriginalnon-volantnativemammalfaunaofFaureIsland

Theoriginalnon-volantnativemammalfaunaofFaureIslandiscomparedwiththatrecordedfromtheeasternsideofPeronPeninsulainTable2.Asexpected,theoriginalfaunaofFaureIslandisasmallsubsetofthatofPeronPeninsula.

ThefactthatremainsofRattustunneyiarenotrecordedinthelargeC2 sampleindicatesthatitwas almostcertainlynotamember oftheIslandfaunaoftwocenturiesago.On PeronPeninsularemainsofR.tunneyiarefoundinmostdepositsincoastalsites,adjacenttoalargerangeoflocalhabitattypes(Baynes2000,2007).IfthespecieshadbeenontheIslanditsremainswould havebeenincludedinC2.ThesinglespecimenfromtheB1blowoutmayrepresentapopulationthatpersistedontheIslandforsometimeafteritsformationbutfinallydiedoutcenturiesorevenmilleniaago,oritmayhavebeentransportedtotheislandfromthemainland inthestomachofa,presumablyavian,predator.AbsenceofR.tunneyifromFaureIslandisconsistentwithitsabsencefromallotherShark

Table2 Theoriginalnon-volantmammal faunasofeasternPeronPeninsula(PP)(datafromBaynes 1990,2007;McKenzie etal.2000)andFaureIsland(FI).X=recorded;-=notrecorded.

Species

Tachyglossusaculeatus(Short-beakedEchidna)Dasycercussp.(MulgaraorpossiblyAmpurta)Dasyurusgeoffroii(Chuditch/Western Quoll)Phascogalecalura(Red-tailedPhascogale)Sminthopsiscrassicaudata(Fat-tailedDunnart)Sminthopsisdolichura(Littlelong-tailedDunnart)Sminthopsishirtipes(Hairy-footedDunnart)Isoodonobesulus(Quenda/SouthernBrownBandicoot)Peramelesbougainville(WesternBarredBandicoot)Bettongiapenicillata(Woylie/Brush-tailedBettong)Lagorchesteshirsutus(RufousHare-wallaby)Lagostrophusfasciatus(BandedHare-wallaby)Macropusrobustus(Euro)Onychogalealunata(CrescentNailtailWallaby)Leporillusapicalis(LesserStick-nestRat)Leporillusconditor(GreaterStick-nestRat)Notomysalexis(SpinifexHopping-mouse)Pseudomysfieldi(SharkBayMouse)Pseudomyshermannsburgensis(SandyInlandMouse)Rattustunneyi(PaleField-rat)

PP

xXX

XX

XX

X

X

XX

X

X

XXX

XXXX

FI

XX

X

30

Bay islands (Baynes 1990), even though it waswidespread on the peninsulas and adjacentmainland. Although R. tunneyi is recorded fromislands in northern Australia, including two in theBonaparte Archipelago off northwest Kimberley(McKenzie et a1. 1978), and six islands in theDampier Archipelago, it does not seem to have beenable to survive in the long term on more southerlyand westerly islands, being also absent from BarrowIsland.

Species-area considerationsThe theory of island biogeography, and the

species-area relationship are well established (e.g.,MacArthur and Wilson 1967; May 1975; Lawlor1986), although still undergoing some fine-tuning(e.g. Williamson et a1. 2001). The species-arearelationships of native mammals on the continentalshelf islands along the western and southern coastsof Australia were investigated by Kitchener et a1.(1980), though they did hot include Faure Island intheir analysis, presumably because only the Woyliewas known from the island at that time. Table 3shows the areas and numbers of non-volant nativemammal species recorded from the four largeislands in Shark Bay. The mammal data are drawnfrom Baynes (1990, 2000, 2006), and this study,rather than Kitchener et a1. (1980), because theyomitted one species from Bernier Island(Pseudomys desertor), for a total of six rather thanseven species, and the original fauna of Faure wasunknown in 1980. The table shows that Faure Islandis slightly larger than Bernier or Dorre, but hasfewer native mammals recorded from it than either.Kitchener et a1. (1980: figure 10) plotted estimatednumbers of mammal species in the "pristine" (i.e.original in my terminology) faunas against area(both variables transformed as logarithms to thebase 10). Using their regression line to estimate thelikely number of species for an island of 5800 haindicates that Faure would be expected to carry atleast seven species rather than three. There appear

Table 3 Areas in hectares (Ha) and original numbersof non-volant native mammal species (Mam.spp.) recorded from the four large islands inShark Bay. Area data from Kitchener et al.(1980) and this study; mammal data fromBaynes (1990, 2000, 2006) and results of thisstudy.

Island Ha Mam.spp.

Dirk Hartog 59600 13Faure 5800 3Bernier 4640 7Dorre 4420 5

A. Baynes

to be four possible explanations for thisdiscrepancy:1) The area of the island was at some stage

substantially smaller than at present, and hasincreased significantly to its current area as aresult of the Holocene uplift noted by Thorn andChappell (1975).

2) The original mammal fauna of the Islandincluded more than three species, but noremains of the others have been discovered.

3) Three was the original number of mammalspecies because the relative homogeneity ofhabitats on Faure allowed the survival of nomore than that number.

4) Lying in the eastern side of Shark Bay, FaureIsland has a less maritime and equable climatethan the other three, in particular experiencinghigher summer maximum temperatureextremes and less rainfall, especially reliablewinter rainfall. Extremes of drought and/ortemperature may have led to the extinction ofmammal species that persisted for a time afterisland formation.

The first possibility, substantially smaller islandarea since 7000 years ago, can probably be ruledout. Although there are minor areas of progradationin the mangrove developments at the southwestcorner of the Island, on the northern coast and alongmuch of the east coast, most of the Island forms aplateau that is at least 5 m above present sea level,and would have remained above sea level since theLast Interglacial. Because the remains of Woyliewere so abundant, it seems extremely unlikely thatthe original fauna of Faure Island included anyother medium-sized mammal whose remains werenot found. The fact that the very large C2 samplecontains the same three species whose remains arefound throughout the Island, and no others,suggests that there were no other small or medium-sized mammal species on the Island either.However, the single specimen of Rattus tunneyishows that that possibility cannot be completelyruled out. Beard (1976) mapped the vegetation onFaure Island as Acacia scrub, Acacia thicket andsamphire, less diverse than the habitats on Bernierand Dorre Islands. The 'white' dune habitats withgrasses and Acanthocarpus thickets would not havebeen present when Faure Island first formed, buthave been built by aeolian movement of sand andshell fragments from the beaches over the millenia.The possibility of the elimination of species fromFaure Island by extreme climatic events is alsodifficult to assess, particularly in the absence of anymeteorological data. The Woylie, however,assuming that it is correctly identified, is an above-ground nesting (as opposed to burrowing)southwestern species, close to its northerndistributional range limit. These characteristicswould seem to make it vulnerable to climatic

Non-volantmammalfauna

extremesofheatordrought,butitapparentlysurvivedontheIslanduntilthetimeofEuropeancolonization.Overall,itseemsmostlikelythattheoriginalnon-volantmammalfaunaofFaureIslandconsistedofthethreespeciesdetected during recentinvestigations,butoneortwoadditionalsmallspeciesoccurringinrestrictedhabitatscannotbecompletelyruledout.

C ~

IamgratefultoMartinCopleyforinvitingmetotakepartintheMay 2000biologicalsurveyexpeditiontoFaureIsland,andprovidingmewithacontracttocarryoutthework.Itwasaprivilegetojoinsuchalargeandinterestinggroupofpeople,andtheinclusionofanexcellentcookinthecrewmade itararetreat.AustralianWildlife Con-servancyflewmetoFaureIslandinOctober2006,andToWilliamslookedaftermewhenIgotthere.Ithankher,CraigStephensandSteffiHilmerforassistancewithfieldwork.TeHShortmadeconstructivecommentsonadraftofthepaper.

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Supplement75.pdfCOVER.pdfFOREWORDBACKGROUND INFORMATIION ON FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIAVEGETATION AND VASCULAR FLORA OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIATERRESTRIAL GASTROPODS OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIATHE ORIGINAL NON-VOLANT LAND MAMMAL FAUNA OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIAA SURVEY OF THE TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIATHE HERPETOFAUNA OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIATHE BIRDS OF FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIAFEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE ERADICATION OF FERAL CATS FROM FAURE ISLAND, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA