Addressing key IoT performance challenges: resource ......Addressing key IoT performance challenges:...
Transcript of Addressing key IoT performance challenges: resource ......Addressing key IoT performance challenges:...
Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Information Technology Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christian Wietfeld www.cni.tu-dortmund.de
dortmund university
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Christian Wietfeld [email protected]
Geneva, 18 February 2014
ITU-T Workshop: Internet of Things – Trends and Challenges in Standardization
dortmund university
Slide 2
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Content
Overview and Introduction
Selected on-going IoT-related research: Context-aware Power Consumption Model (CoPoMo) enabling
ressource-efficient IoT communication services
Communication-aware Potential Fields for robust Wireless networking and Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Wi-UAV)
Interoperable Vehicle2Grid communication ISO/IEC 15118
Evaluating scalable Smart Grid communications with hybrid simulation techniques
Conclusions
dortmund university
Slide 3
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Who we are • Team of 20 full-time researchers and 30
students (70 % third party funded)
• Research focus: Networking for Cyber Physical Systems / Internet of Things
• Unique set of experimental equipment: • Lab (3G/4G mobile network emulators) • Outdoor Testing Site: LTE base station, …
• Sophisticated system simulators and on-going contributions to Open Source projects
• Contributions to standardization (ISO/IEC 15118, IEC 61850, IETF)
• Since 2008: 7 Int‘l „Best Paper“ Awards • Award-winning spin-off comnovo
LTE
dortmund university
Slide 4
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Introducing a Stochastical Model for Power Consumption
Idle P1
Low Power
P2
High Power
P3 µ 2
µ 3
λ 3 Max.
Power P4
λ 4
µ 4
λ 2
𝝀𝒊 depends on the arrival rate of data and the cell environment in terms of the transmission power distribution
B. Dusza, C. Ide, L.Cheng and C. Wietfeld, "CoPoMo: A Context-Aware Power Consumption Model for LTE User Equipment", Transactions on Emerging Telecomunication Technologies (ETT), vol. 24(6):615-632, Wiley
𝝁𝒊 depends on radio channel dependent throughput and the average file size
Green IoT
dortmund university
Slide 5
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Architecture of the Context Dependent Model Cell
Environment File Size
Arrival Rate
Center Frequency MCS #PRB UE PTx,i
Empirical Power Consumption Model
Throughput Measurements Ray-Tracing
Markovian Model
Con
text
Pa
ram
eter
s Sy
stem
Pa
ram
eter
s
𝜇𝑖 = 𝑅𝑖/𝐷 𝜆𝑖 = 𝜆 ∙ 𝜗𝑖
𝑃Σ = �𝑃𝑖� ∙ 𝑝𝑖𝑖
CCDF Evaluation
Mobility Trajectory
𝑃𝑖�
𝑅𝑖 𝐷 𝜆 𝜗𝑖
𝜇𝑖,1 𝜆1,𝑖
Green IoT
dortmund university
Slide 6
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
B. Dusza, C. Ide, L.Cheng and C. Wietfeld, "CoPoMo: A Context-Aware Power Consumption Model for LTE User Equipment", Transactions on Emerging Telecomunication Technologies (ETT), vol. 24(6):615-632, Wiley
Optimizing the battery lifetime of IoT devices: Choosing the right frequency
2,6 GHz
Influence of carrier frequency Enhanced battery lifetime by switching to 800 MHz
800 MHz
Battery life time [h]
Average power consumption
[W]
File Size [Byte] (with 1 File per Minute)
Rural
Green IoT
dortmund university
Slide 7
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
B. Dusza, C. Ide, L.Cheng and C. Wietfeld, "CoPoMo: A Context-Aware Power Consumption Model for LTE User Equipment", Transactions on Emerging Telecomunication Technologies (ETT), vol. 24(6):615-632, Wiley
Optimizing the battery lifetime of IoT devices: Trading local data processing to data offloading
2,6
800
800
800
800
Battery life time [h]
Average power consumption
[W]
File Size [Byte] (with 1 File per Minute)
Rural
Green IoT
dortmund university
Slide 8
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
A swarm of aerial IoT devices can achieve more in less time
BUT: control is more complex, as UAVs must cooperate to spread efficiently across the scenario communication within the swarm is key!
Aerial IoT
dortmund university
Slide 9
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Model-based Development Process
Hardware in the Loop Validation
Simulation Validation
Software in the Loop Validation
Full Experimental
Validation
Optimized Parameterization
Refined Control Algorithms & System Concept
Initi
al C
once
pt
Evol
ved
UAV
Sys
tem
Experimental Validation
Shadowing ofbuilding
I
Decrease of distanceto maintain desired
RSS value
-10 dB attenuationdue to shadowing
Reduct ion oft x power by 10 dB
RSSmax
RSSmin
RSSmeasurements
Dist ance betweenagent s
Average RSS
Holding posit ion
Target RSSreached
I I I
I I I
I I
I I I
Desired RSSthreshold of -63 dBm
SCG
SCA1 SCA2 SCA3
Hardware in the Loop
Aerial IoT
dortmund university
Slide 10
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Example: Communication Aware Potential Fields (CAPF) Aerial IoT
The total force on each UAV is defined as:
𝐹𝑖 = � 𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑖𝑂
𝑝
𝑂=1
+ � 𝐹𝑂𝑖𝑂 + 𝐹𝐴𝑖𝑂
a
𝑂=1
+ 𝐹𝐶𝐴𝑖
𝑝 total number of repelling forces 𝐹𝑂𝑂𝑖𝑂 Repelling force of obstacle j to UAV i a total number of attracting or repelling UAVs 𝐹𝑂𝑖𝑂 Repelling force of UAV j to UAV i (coverage)
𝐹𝐴𝑖𝑂 Attracting force of UAV j to UAV i (comm.)
𝐹𝐶𝐴𝑖 Attracting force of moving team to UAV i
Potential Fields impose attracting/repelling forces on UAVs based on RSSI measurements
dortmund university
Slide 11
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
System goodput stable despite changing channel conditions
Goodput stays constant due to reduced inter-UAV distances Proposed algorithms are robust and scale
Robustness check through protocol simulation: Metric: Goodput
Protocol Simulation for transmitting telemetry data between UAVs: 250 kbit/s data stream between 5 UAVs (each-2-each)
Aerial IoT
dortmund university
Slide 12
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
ICT-Architecture for Automation and Network Integration
Front-End Communication
Vehicle to Grid(V2G)
Back-End Communication
Charging Infrastructure Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicle
Electric Vehicle
Electric Vehicle
Mobility Services Backend
Utility Back-End
Backend
Network Services
Services
Safety
Back-End Infrastructure
Electric Vehicles
dortmund university
Slide 13
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
ISO/IEC 15118 V2G CI Joint Working Group
Project Team 1: Use Cases
Project Team 2: Messages, Sequences & Timings
Project Team 3: Intermediate OSI Layers
Project Team 4: Wired PHY + MAC
Project Team 5: Security
Layer 5-7
Layer 3+4
Layer 1+2
ISO TC22 / SC3 Convener
IEC TC 69 Convener
Project Team 6: Conformance Testing
ISO/IEC 15118 Part 3 Physical Layer
& Data Link Layer
Req.
ISO/IEC 15118 Part 2 Technical Protocol
Description & OSI-Layer
Requirements
ISO/IEC 15118 Part 1 General Information
& Use Case Definition
ISO/IEC 15118 Conformance Tests
Part 4 Network and application protocol Part 5
Physical and Data Link Layer
Organization of ISO/IEC 15118 Joint Working Group Electric Vehicles
dortmund university
Slide 14
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
ISO/IEC 15118 V2G CI Joint Working Group
Project Team 1: Use Cases
Project Team 2: Messages, Sequences & Timings
Project Team 3: Intermediate OSI Layers
Project Team 4: Wired PHY + MAC
Project Team 5: Security
Layer 5-7
Layer 3+4
Layer 1+2
ISO TC22 / SC3 Convener
IEC TC 69 Convener
Project Team 6: Conformance Testing
Organization der ISO/IEC 15118 Joint Working Group
OEMs Utilities / System Operators
Infrastructure / Component Suppliers & Service Providers
… … …
Electric Vehicles
dortmund university
Slide 15
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
ICT-Standards for interoperable charging processes
Example contribution Optimization of the communication protocols based on most recent Web Services
standards (Embedded Web Services)
Contributions to open reference implementation “Open V2G”
Prototype implementation of ISO/IEC 15118-2 CNI V2G-Simulator for validation of fully automated V2G-Communication
0500
10001500200025003000 XML schema informed EXI strict byte pkd EXI strict bit pkd
Schmutzler, J. and Wietfeld, C., "Analysis of Message Sequences and Encoding Efficiency for Electric Vehicle to Grid Interconnections", IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC) 2010, Jersey City, New Jersey, USA, IEEE, pages: 118-125, Dec 2010.
Reduction by 95%
Electric Vehicles
dortmund university
Slide 16
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Hybrid Simulator INSPIRE: Integrated Co-Simulation of Power and ICT Systems for Real-Time Evaluation Simulation Core: Master event
and time control Generic network
description
Networking Layer: Connectivity between
simulators Using the
High Level Architecture (IEEE 1516-2010)
Management Layer: Main configuration Database Event logging Scenario configuration Statistical analysis Incident generation
Management layer
Generic network
description
Master event and time control
Scenario configuration
Statistical analysis
Simulation core
Incident generation
Main configuration
Networking layer
Legend: simulator specific network connection e.g. Web Services, Sockets, etc.
ICT simulator
Algorithms for
protection and control technology
Database Event-logging
Power system
simulator
Power plant
simulator
H. Georg, S. C. Müller, C. Rehtanz and C. Wietfeld, "A HLA Based Simulator Architecture for Co-simulating ICT Based Power System Control and Protection Systems", 3rd IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm 2012), Tainan City, Taiwan, Nov 2012 awarded with a Best Paper Award
Smart Grid
dortmund university
Slide 17
Communication Networks Institute Prof. Dr.-Ing. C. Wietfeld
Addressing key IoT performance challenges: Resource-efficiency, robustness and scalability
Conclusions
Internet of Things is a “hot” topic in on-going research (naming varies, cf. Cyber Physical Systems, etc.)
Key challenges are:
Resource-efficiency (spectrum, but also energy)
Robustness (even in harshest environments)
Scalability (even for continent-wide Smart Grids)
Standards are essential to ensure IoT interoperability:
New protocols are developed in area-specific standardization groups (e.g. energy, automotive)
Research institutes can help to enable cross-innovation to leverage most recent ICT state-of-the-art in on-going standardization projects