Second Global Forum on Artisanal and Small Scale Gold Mining (ASGM)
Addressing Impacts from ASGM on Ecosystems and Biodiversity · Get the latest updates with #...
Transcript of Addressing Impacts from ASGM on Ecosystems and Biodiversity · Get the latest updates with #...
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Get the latest updateswith #WWWeek
Addressing Impacts from ASGM on Ecosystems and Biodiversity
Luis E. Fernandez
Executive Director, Center for Amazonian Scientific Innovation (CINCIA)
Research Professor, Wake Forest University
Tuesday August 27 | m | M6
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MADRE DE DIOS Peru’s “Capital of Biodiversity”
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Tipos de Operaciones Mineras
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Artisanal Gold Miningin Madre de Dios
Deforestation: 115,000 ha
Source: CINCIA 2018, MAAP 2018
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releases185 tons of mercury per year
source: Artisanal Gold Council 2018
Artisanal Gold MiningIn Madre de Dios
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7 of 10 persons have mercurylevels above USEPA healthreference values
source: CAMEP 2013
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6 of 10 children have
mercury above thereference values
data source: CAMEP 2013
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7 of 10 communities
with the highest levels ofmercury are indigenous
source: CAMEP 2013
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18
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| cinciaREFORESTATION
| cinciaDRONES
| cinciaBASELINESforBIODIVERSITY
| cinciaBIOCHAR
| cinciaMERCURY
| cinciaEDUCATION
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cinciaDRONES
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Source: MAAP 2018
cinciaLANDSCAPES
Using Synthetical Aperture Radar to detect ASGM thru cloud coverin the Amazon
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cinciaLANDSCAPES
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Using Convolutional Neural Networks for
automated feature recognition in the Cloud
cinciaDRONES
100 images in each class to train CNNs
to recognize threat objects
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Foundational research on cloud based automated recognition of mining elements in drone and high resolution satellite data streams
→ ID ASGM in prohibited regions (e.g. protected areas, native lands )→ Use new data streams: Planet data - 3m res every day
cinciaLANDSCAPES
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Source: CINCIA 2018, Informe de Investigación #1: Tres décadas de deforestacion
Mining-related DeforestationMadre de Dios: 1985-2017
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Mining-Related DeforestationMadre de Dios: 1985-2018
Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
1985 2018
Gold Price
$
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Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
Mining-Related DeforestationMadre de Dios: 1985-2018
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Forests turned into WaterA New Hydroscape: deforested lands→mining ponds
Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
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ASGM Hydroscapedeforested lands→mining ponds
Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
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Madre de Dios Total La Pampa Mining Complex
15.5%31.5%
3,948 ha12,287 ha
Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
ASGM Hydroscapedeforested lands→mining ponds
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Deforestation and Mining Ponds
Source: Caballeros et al 2018. Remote Sensing; CINCIA 2019 in prep
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Tipos de Operaciones Mineras
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Source: Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Complex Mercury Cycle in Aquatic Systems
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Source: Obri 2016
Complex Mercury Cycle in Aquatic Systems
of
Methylmercury
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LAMQA | Laboratorio de Mercurio y Quimica Ambiental
The first environmental mercury laboratory in Peru
cinciaMERCURY
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Evaluating mercury impact in aquatic ecosystemsusing bio-sentinels
Plankton Macroinvertebrates
Fish Sediments
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Elevated mercury concentrations in fish speciesMadre de Dios river watershed
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Source: CAMEP 2012
Concentr
ació
n d
e m
erc
urio (
ppm
)
EPA RfD0.3 ppm
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Trophic biomagnification of mercury in wild caught fishin ASGM Hydroscapes
Source: CINCIA 2018
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Passive Mercury Air Sampler➢ No energy needed
➢ Low cost
➢ Simple to use
➢ Sorbent can be analyzed in
AAS-based mercury labs /DMA-80
Mercury in Air Mapping hotspots using passive mercury samplers
Dr. Bridget Bergquist
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
Source: CINCIA 2019 in prep
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
Source: CINCIA 2019 in prep
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Mapping Mercury Hotspots
Source: CINCIA 2019 in prep
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Source: CINCIA 2019 in prep
Mapping Mercury Hotspots
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Measuring mercury exposure in Amazonian native communities
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Developing methods for neuro-cognaitive impacts onMercury exposed native communities
Machiguengua Community, Manu National Park, Peru
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Research Briefs and Scientific Papers
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cinciaEDUCATION
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cinciaEDUCATION
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State of Emergency Declared in Madre de Dios - 2019
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State of Emergency Declared in Madre de Dios - 2019
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Source: Álvarez-Berríos & Aide, 2015. Environ. Res. Lett.
Artisanal Gold Mining in the Amazon Basin
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Artisanal Gold Mining in the World
Source: IISD-BGR 2015
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cincia.wfu.edu