addLINK Radio Module - Chalmers€¦ · File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24 ... o...

addLINK Radio Module Technical Manual

Rev: 2.2/2003-03-20

Document History

Rev. Date Changed Page(s) Cause of Change Author

1.0 2000-07-03 All sections Creation S. Guivarc’h

1.4 2002-07-26 All sections Update K. de Nie

1.5 2002-07-26 3-2, 5-5, 5-11,7-4 Update K. de Nie

1.6 2002-07-30 3-1 Update K. de Nie

1.7 2002-08-05 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 Update S. Guivarc’h

2.0 2002-08-06 Some minor changes Update K. de Nie

2.1 2002-09-24 6-3, Warning Update S. Guivarc’h

2.2 2002-09-24 Register Description (S255) Update S. Guivarc’h

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: H-2 File:Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

Proprietary Notice: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. All rights reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in this publication may be reproduced in any material form except with the written permission of Adcon RF Technology. This publication is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product. Adcon RF Technology shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information in this publication, or any error or omission in such information, or any incorrect use of the product.

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: H-3 File:Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

WARNING:

Adcon RF Technolgy’s addLINK radio module is a certified radio module and complies with R&TTE directives 1999/5/EC.

According to R&TTE directives, it is the responsibility of ADCON RF Technology’s customers (i.e. addLINK end user) to check that addLINK host product (i.e. final product) is compliant with R&TTE essential requirements.

Moreover, the use of a certified radio module (such as addLINK with microcontroller and integrated antenna) can avoid re-certification of the final product, provided that the end user respects the directives and recommendations established by ADCON RF Technology.

For more information, please refer to the addLINK integration manual.

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: C-1 File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

Table of Contents

GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................1

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 AIM OF DOCUMENT............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS AND FEATURES................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM................................................................................................................ 1-2

2 PINNING INFORMATION ................................................................................. 2-1

3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION............................................................................ 3-1 3.1 RECEIVER........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 TRANSMITTER .................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 MICROCONTROLLER ........................................................................................................... 3-1

3.3.1 Software.................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.3.2 I/O lines .................................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3.3 ADC ........................................................................................................................................ 3-2

3.4 ANTENNA.......................................................................................................................... 3-2

4 CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ............................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS............................................................................ 4-1 4.3 OPERATIONAL MODES AND CURRENT CONSUMPTION ........................................................... 4-1 4.4 RECEIVER PROPERTIES......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.5 TRANSMITTER PROPERTIES .................................................................................................. 4-2 4.6 MICROCONTROLLER PROPERTIES ......................................................................................... 4-2 4.7 INTEGRATED ANTENNA....................................................................................................... 4-3 4.8 MECHANICAL MODULE PROPERTIES ..................................................................................... 4-4


5 OPERATION...................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 HAYES OR ‘AT’ MODE........................................................................................................ 5-1

5.1.1 Standard commands description ........................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 REGISTERS DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 OPERATING MODES............................................................................................................ 5-5

5.3.1 Transparent Mode.................................................................................................................. 5-6 5.3.2 Transparent Secured Mode.................................................................................................... 5-6 5.3.2.1 «Secured» link Algorithm ..................................................................................................................5-6 5.3.2.2 Flow control.......................................................................................................................................5-8

5.3.3 Transparent Addressed Secured Mode................................................................................. 5-9 5.3.4 Basic illustration of transparent modes................................................................................ 5-10 5.3.5 I/O Copy mode..................................................................................................................... 5-11 5.3.6 Demonstration mode ........................................................................................................... 5-11 5.3.7 Radio Test Commands ......................................................................................................... 5-12

6 INTEGRATING THE ADDLINK INTO YOUR APPLICATION ............................... 6-1 6.1 ANTENNA POLARISATION.................................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 ANTENNA GROUND PLANE ON HOST PCB............................................................................ 6-2 6.3 MOUNTING RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................ 6-6

6.3.1 Hardware recommendations.................................................................................................. 6-6 6.3.1.1 Power Supply ....................................................................................................................................6-6 6.3.1.2 Schematics example..........................................................................................................................6-7

6.3.2 Mounting the addLINK to the host PCB.............................................................................. 6-10 6.3.3 Recommended pad layout and host board cutout for addLINK integration ...................... 6-10

7 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1 ALTERNATIVE ADDLINK CONFIGURATIONS........................................................................... 7-1 7.2 ADDLINK WITH EXTERNAL ANTENNA ................................................................................... 7-3 7.3 ADDLINK WITH DAC.......................................................................................................... 7-4


Illustrations Figure 1-1: addLINK Block diagram........................................................................ 1-2 Figure 2-1: Standard addLINK Pinning information............................................... 2-1 Figure 4-1: Integrated Antenna ............................................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-2: addLINK dimensions ............................................................................. 4-4 Figure 5-1: Flow Control Timing Diagram .............................................................. 5-8 Figure 6-1: Optimal polarisation of addLINK antennas with

modules at the same height ........................................................... 6-1 Figure 6-2: Optimal polarisation of addLINK antennas with

modules at different heights........................................................... 6-2 Figure 6-3: Antenna parameters.............................................................................. 6-3 Figure 6-4: Antenna Gain vs. W1 and L2................................................................ 6-4 Figure 6-5: Optimal use of the antenna.................................................................. 6-5 Figure 6-6: LC-Filter.................................................................................................. 6-6 Figure 6-7: addLINK mounting.............................................................................. 6-10 Figure 6-8: Host board cut-out.............................................................................. 6-10 Figure 7-1: addLINK Pinning information ............................................................... 7-2

Tables Table 2-1: Pin description ........................................................................................ 2-2 Table 5-1: Register description................................................................................ 5-3 Table 6-1: Recommended values for LC-Filter....................................................... 6-6 Table 7-1: Ordering information ............................................................................. 7-1 Table 7-2: Differences in pinning functions ............................................................ 7-2 Table 7-3: Differences in pin description addLINK with DAC............................... 7-4 Table 7-4: DAC Register information...................................................................... 7-4


Glossary

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter

CTS Clear To Send

DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter

dBm deciBel with respect to 1mW

EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory

FSK Frequency Shift Keying

I/O Input/Output

ISM band Industrial Scientific and Medical band

LC-filter Inductor Capacitor-filter

LO Local Oscillator

NRZ Non Return to Zero

PCB Printed Circuit Board

PLL Phase Locked Loop

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

RAM Random Access Memory

RF Radio Frequency

ROM Read Only Memory

RTS Request To Send

SAW Surface Acoustic Wave

TBD To Be Defined

TTL Transistor Transistor Logic

VCO Voltage Controlled Oscillator

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: G-1 File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

1 Introduction

1.1 Aim of document

The aim of this document is to present the technical aspects of the standard1 addLINK radio module, named addLINK-868-NB-A-MC.

After a description of the general and technical features of the radio module, the operation as well as the integration of the standard addLINK into your application will be set out in detail in two distinct chapters.

The alternative configurations of the standard addLINK radio module are described in the Appendix.

1.2 General description

The addLINK is a completely integrated digital radio transceiver module for the use in all kinds of applications where fast and reliable data transmission is indispensable. It is a half duplex FSK transceiver operating in the licence free 868 MHz ISM band. A standard RS232 interface ensures a fast and easy integration of wireless data transmission into your application.

The module contains all RF and digital circuitry necessary for transmission and reception of digital data over a wireless link.

The control of both transmit and receive functions is performed by the integrated microcontroller with EEPROM and ADC functionality. Four additional programmable I/O lines are available.

Optionally, a dual 8 bit DAC is integrated in the addLINK module.

The standard addLINK contains an integrated antenna.

Typical system performances parameters for the receiver are a sensitivity of -101 dBm (± 1 dBm) and a data rate of 10 Kbits/s. The transmitter generates an output power ranging from 0 dBm to +7 dBm depending on the power supply voltage.

The module contains a metal RF shielding and is tested conform ETS 300 220.

1 The addLINK is available in a variety of configurations, each with different options (see chapter 7). The term “standard” refers to addLINK-868-NB-A-MC.

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: 1-1 File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

1.3 Functional blocks and features

The block diagram of the addLINK transceiver module is depicted in Figure 1.

The following functional blocks can be distinguished:

o An FSK receiver with a sensitivity of -101 dBm (± 1 dBm) comprising all necessary receive functions.

o An FSK transmitter with up to +7 dBm output power (@5V).

o An antenna switch to be able to use one antenna for both reception and transmission.

o Integrated antenna (optionally, an external antenna may be used)

o An 8 bit Microcontroller with 512 byte internal EEPROM, 8 Kbyte Flash and 1 Kbyte RAM. Additional to this a dual 10 bit ADC and optional a dual 8 bit DAC is available.

1.4 Block diagram

Integrate dAntenna Data EEPROM 4 Digital I/O

Receiver Control

Flash LNA SAW

(Optional) I2C Micro- Antenna Dual RF transceiver IC Controller switch DAC Data RAM

Transmitter Control

Figure 1-1: addLINK Block diagram

RS232 Dual ADC

addLINK


2 Pinning information

addLINK-868-NB-A-MC

12

876543

Not connectedGnd

GndGndGndGndGndGnd

9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 1915 20 21 22 23 242526272829303132

10

Not connectedNot connected

MOSI_Prog/RTSMOSI_Prog/CTSResetRxDTxDStandby

Gnd

Gnd

Gnd

GndVc

cG

ndG

ndG

nd

EA1

EA2

ESL1

/Sta

tus_

TxR

xES

L2ES

L3ES

L4

Clo

ck_P

rog/

Ack_

TxVdd

Figure 2-1: Standard addLINK Pinning information

NOTE: This pinning information is only valid for the standard addLINK. See paragraph 7.1 for pinning information of alternative addLINK configurations.


Table 2-1: Pin description

Pin type is designated by A = Analog, D = Digital, I = Input, O = Output

Pin Symbol Description Type

1 Not connected Recommended to leave open. - 2..13 Gnd Ground. - 14 Vcc Radio part power supply. Must be equal to Vdd. - 15..16 Gnd Ground. - 17 ESL4 Digital I/O N°4, configurable as input or output via

Hayes register S260. D I/O

18 ESL3 Digital I/O N°3, configurable as input or output via Hayes register S260.

D I/O

19 ESL2 Digital I/O N°2, configurable as input or output via Hayes register S260.

D I/O

20 ESL1 / Status_TxRx

Digital I/O N°1, configurable as input or output via Hayes register S260. Indicates whether the serial link is on data transmission (high state) or data reception (low state). Can be used with a RS-485 chip.

D I/O

21 EA2 ADC Input N°2. Value available via Hayes register S282. Voltage range between 0 and VDD.

A I

22 EA1 ADC Input N°1. Value available via Hayes register S280. Voltage range between 0 and VDD.

A I

23 Vdd Digital part power supply. Must be equal to Vcc. - 24 Ack_Tx /

Clock_Prog

Indicates correct buffer transmission. The signal is activated at the end of a message transmission on the radio (active CTS) and stays active until CTS switches to inactive state. Active (transmitted buffer) on low state. During Flash and Eeprom programming: Input Clock.

D O

25 RTS / MISO_Prog

Request To Send. During Flash and Eeprom programming: Output Data.

D I/O

26 CTS / MOSI_Prog

Clear To Send. During Flash and Eeprom programming: Input Data.

D I/O

27 Reset External hardware reset of the radio module. Active on low state. See paragraph 6.3.1.3.

D I

28 RxD RxD UART – Serial Data Reception Format NRZ/TTL: The ‘1’ represents a high state.

D I

29 TxD TxD UART – Serial Data Transmission Format NRZ/TTL: The ‘1’ represents a high state.

D O

30 Standby Switches the module to low-power mode. Active on high state.

D I

31 Not connected Recommended to leave open. - 32 Not connected Recommended to leave open. -


3 Functional description A short description of the addLINK will be given based on the block diagram of figure 1.

3.1 Receiver

The receive path starts at the antenna and after the antenna switch an LNA amplifies the signal with a minimum addition of noise. A bandpass SAW filter rejects the image frequency and signals outside the 868MHz band. Then the signal is amplified and down converted to the first IF frequency. After a low pass filter the signal is quadrature down converted to base band. The I and Q signals are then filtered and two limiter stages and a quadrature correlator concatenated by a data filter and a data slicer reproduce the data to be received. This data is fed to the microcontroller.

3.2 Transmitter

The data to be transmitted is generated by the microcontroller. This data is directly FSK modulated to a 869.85 MHz carrier. This modulated signal is then amplified by a highly efficient power amplifier. Then the signal is fed to the antenna switch and is radiated by the antenna. The LO signal is internally generated by a VCO and PLL synthesizer.

3.3 Microcontroller

The microcontroller controls the complete receiver and transmitter. This means that all ‘RF transceiver IC’ configuration settings are programmed and the control lines for the ‘antenna switch’ and ‘LNA on/off’ are set by this device. The microcontroller also acts as an interface between RS232-data and the transmit and receive data. Additional to this, the microcontroller operates the antenna switch. Paragraph 3.3.2 describes the function of the I/O lines. The ADC functionality is explained in paragraph 3.3.3.

3.3.1 Software

The addLINK is delivered with programmed Flash and EEPROM. For development purposes the possibility exists to reprogram the microcontroller. For reprogramming the following pins have to be used: pin 24 (Clock_Prog), pin 25 (MISO_Prog) and pin 26 (MOSI_Prog). It is recommended to use the “addLINK Radio Module Demo Kit” during development. The possibility to reprogram the module is implemented on this board.


3.3.2 I/O lines

The addLINK has four I/O lines that can each be configured either as input or output using register S260. These I/O lines are accessible (for reading or writing, for input respectively output lines) through register S270. The I/O lines can be used for application signaling processes (e.g. inidicators or sensors). Using the user configurable I/O lines of the addLINK module saves I/O pins on the user's application hardware. The I/O copy operating mode can be used to copy the I/O from a master module directly to the slave module.

The I/O copy sample rate is optimised for current consumption and amounts 1 second.

3.3.3 ADC

The ADC can be used to sample analog signals. These samples can be read by the microcontroller and used for the user application (e.g. sensor reading).

The addLINK contains two ADC inputs, EA1 (pin22) and EA2 (pin21). The supplied signal must have a value between 0 and Vdd.

Activating of the ADC occurs during start-up, and the ADC is deactivated in the Standby mode. The ADC value can be read via Hayes register S280 for EA1 and S282 for EA2.

3.4 Antenna

The standard addLINK contains an integrated antenna. In order to obtain maximum antenna performance, special care concerning the ground plane underneath the antenna must be taken during design of the host PCB. Paragraph 6.2 provides recommendations concerning this issue. Optionally, an external antenna can be used.


4 Characteristics

4.1 Absolute maximum ratings

Symbol Parameter Min Max Units

Tstg Storage temperature -40 +85 oC

Hrs Relative storage humidity 0 95 %

4.2 Recommen

Symbol P

Tamb AVCC ,VDD S RHro R

4.3 Operation

Tamb = 25 oC; V

State

Standby Transmission Reception

4.4 Receiver p

Note:

Specification

Channel centAggregate aiModulation tySensitivity Average CERP1dB Number of chSelectivity Range Conformity te

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF TFile: Manual_addLINK_e_

CAUTION: ESD sensitive device, observe handling precaution!

ded operating conditions

arameter Min Max Units

mbient operating temperature -10 +55 oC upply voltage 3.0 5.25 V ipple TBD TBD mV elative operational humidity 20 95 %

al modes and current consumption

cc,Vdd = 5.0 V

Min Typ Max Units

0.004 0.006 0.020 mA 30.0 33.0 36.0 mA 27.0 30.0 33.0 mA

roperties

The following characteristics are valid for addLINK module with antenna.

Conditions Typ Units

er frequency - 869.850 MHz r data rate - 10 kbps pe - FSK -

CER <10-3 -101 dBm Input signal -50 dBm <10-6 -

CER <10-3 -10 dBm annels - 1 -

At +/-150 kHz 36 dB Line of sight 300 m

sting / Standard - ETSI 300 220 -

echnology 2002 Page: 4-1 v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

4.5 Transmitter properties

Note: The following characteristics are valid for addLINK module with antenna.

Specification Conditions Typ Units

Channel center frequency - 869.850 MHz Aggregate air data rate - 10 kbps Modulation type - FSK - Output power @ Vcc = 3.0 V - 0 dBm Output power @ Vcc = 5.0 V - 7 dBm Number of channels - 1 - Range Line of sight 300 m Conformity testing / Standard - ETS 300 220 -

4.6 Microcontroller properties

Specification Typ Units

Type 8 bit Flash memory 8 kbyte RAM memory 1 kbyte EEPROM memory 512 byte Baud rate 1.200 .. 38.400 bits/s I/Os 4

TTL 3..5V

ADC Resolution

2 10

bits

Serial link NRZ format Full duplex TTL 3..5V

RS232

Flow control RTS, CTS TTL 3..5V


4.7 Integrated antenna

Specification Conditions Typ Units

Resonating frequency - 869.850 MHz Bandwidth - 0.5 % Impedance - 50 Ohm Gain - > -6 dBi Polarisation

Depending on ground plane and placement.

Horizontal / Vertical

-

Dimensions - 32 x 17 x 4 mm Material - Tinned brass

3D

Figure 4-1: Integrated Antenna


4.8 Mechanical module properties

Specification Units

Dimensions 38 x 21 x 0.8 mm PCB 4 FR4 layers Shielding cap Thickness Height

200 2

um mm

Weight Approx. 5 g

Figure 4-2: addLINK dimensions


5 Operation

5.1 Hayes or ‘AT’ Mode

The Hayes or 'AT' commands comply with the Hayes protocol used in PSTN modem standards. This ‘AT’ protocol or Hayes mode is used to program the modem parameters, based on the following principle:

o A data frame always begins with the 2 ASCII ’AT’ characters, standing for ‘ATtention’.

o Commands are coded over one or several characters and may include additional data.

o A command is always ended by a <CR> Carriage Return.

A T Command Additional command ... <CR>

Note: Register numbers and values used in the AT commands are in decimal format.

The only exception to this data-framing rule is the command to enter the enter AT-mode. In this case, only the escape code (‘+++’ by default) must be typed and followed by a silent time at least equal to the time out. <AT> and <CR> shall not be used.

Note: The time between 2 characters of the same command must be less than 10 seconds.

Despite its similarity to standard telecommunication modems, the ADCON addLINK-868-NB-A-MC radio module remains a radio link modem and is consequently fitted with some particular additional “AT” commands.

5.1.1 Standard commands description

'+++' Enter AT-mode. This command gives an instant access to the modem parameter

set-up (Hayes or AT-mode), whatever the actual operating mode in process might be. This command shall not be started with AT, but by a silent time duration whose parameter entering is defined in milliseconds in Register S214. N.B.: By activating the AT-mode, the addLINK radio module inactivates radio reception.

‘ATO’ Exit AT-mode This command activates the operating mode as stored into

register S220.


'ATSn?' Display value of register n. The addLINK radio module operating parameters are stored in

‘S’ classified Registers. S Registers are numbered from 0 to 512. Some parameters are standard for every Hayes type modems, other are specific to the addLINK radio module. (See Table 5-1).

Operating parameters are stored in EEPROM memory and automatically set-up during modem reset and modem turn on.

'ATSn=m’: Change value of register n to m. Changed values of registers are automatically stored in the

modem EEPROM memory. 'AT/S’: Display values of Significant Registers. All significant registers for the modem (radio configuration, serial

configuration, operating mode,) are sent to the serial link, ready to be displayed by software like Windows «Terminal».

'AT/V’: Display values of the Modem Software version. Information concerning the version number and installation date

is sent on the Serial Link; ready to be displayed by Software like Windows «Terminal».

'ATR’: Hayes registers reset to default values

This command allows the user to reset ALL the stored EEPROM registers to their default values (see registers description below).

'ATP’: Switch to Stand-by mode

This command allows the user to switch to Stand-by mode. The Modem is in Normal Mode by default. The Modem switches back to Normal Mode with a character reception from the Serial link.

5.2 Registers description

The addLINK radio module can offer several possible configurations using a set of parameters. Those parameters are located in registers and have a default value. This value can be modified or consulted via Hayes commands.

The parameters of the radio module are stored in the EEPROM and can therefore be changed up to 10,000 times. The parameters are available when switching on the module. The registers are listed below:


Table 5-1: Register description.

Access Register Name Description Radio R S200 Channel N° Used to indicate the current radio channel. As

addLINK is a single channel module, the register is only present for compatibility with MC/MCsmart units. Default value: 0

R/W S204 Carrier Length Indicates the radio carrier length in milliseconds, sent at the beginning of each radio frame. Valid between 4 and 50 milliseconds. Default value: 25 ms (i.e. S204=25)

Serial Link R/W S210 Baud Rate Indicates the serial link rate:

Value Rate '1' -> 1200 Bits/s '2' -> 2400 Bits/s '3' -> 4800 Bits/s '4' -> 9600 Bits/s '5' -> 19200 Bits/s (Default value) '6' -> 38400 Bits/s

R/W S211 Data Length Indicates the number of data bits on the serial link: '7' -> 7 data bits. '8' -> 8 data bits (Default value)

R/W S212 Parity Indicates the parity on the serial link: '1' -> No parity (default value) '2' -> Even Parity '3' -> Odd Parity

R/W S213 Number of Stop Bits

Number of Stop bits on the serial link: '1' -> 1 Stop bit (default value) '2' -> 2 Stop bits

R/W S214 Time-out Time-out in milliseconds on the serial link. Valid between 2 and 100 milliseconds. Default value: 5 ms

R/W S216 Flow Control Indicates the flow control mode: ‘0’ -> RTS/CTS ‘2’ -> None (Default value)

R/W S218 Buffer size Indicates the maximum size of frames. When this maximum size is reached, the module switches the CTS signal. Valid between 30 and 132 bytes. Default value: 132 bytes


Access Register Name Description Operation R/W S220 Operating

Mode Indicates the operation mode of the module.

'1' -> Transparent (Default value) '3' -> Transparent Secured ‘6’ -> Master I/O ‘7’ -> Slave I/O '9' -> Addressed Secured ‘10’ -> Demo mode – master ‘11’ -> Demo mode – slave

R/W S221 Autorepeat Indicates auto-repeat status in transparent mode (i.e. whether the module automatically replies a data frame) ’0’ -> Autorepeat off (Default value) ‘1’ -> Autorepeat on

R/W S223 Number of Retries

Indicates the maximum number of retries when a message contains errors in secured mode. Valid between 0 and 255 (modulo 256). If the value is ‘0’, frames are not checked and considered as good (used for tests). Default value: 2

Addressed Management

R/W S250 Network Number

Indicates the network number using 2 bytes. Only members of the same network can communicate together. Valid between 0 and 65535 (modulo 65536), it is set to ‘0’ when the module is not initialised. NB: Setting S250 to ‘0’ also sets S252 to ‘0’. Default value: 0

R/W S252 Client Number Indicates the client number using 1 byte. The client number is unique for a given network. Valid between 0 and 255 (modulo 256), it is set to ‘0’ when the module is not initialised. Default value: 0


Access Register Name Description R/W S256 Default

addressee In addressed secured mode, indicates the address to which every radio frame will be sent to (default address). Default value: 0.

I/O Management R/W S260 Digital I/O

configuration (ESL1 to ESL4)

Allows configuring the digital I/O as input or as output. Each I/O is independent of others and is represented by two bits of that register.

ESL4 ESL4 ESL3 ESL3 ESL2 ESL2 ESL1 ESL1

Bits to 00 => I/O port equivalent to digital input (default value) Bits to 01 => I/O port equivalent to digital output Bits to 10 => I/O port dedicated Bits to 11 => I/O port used for DAC E.g.: S260=4 means ESL1, 3 and 4 configured as input; ESL2 configured as output

R/W S270 Digital I/O values (ESL1 to ESL4)

Allows writing and reading of digital I/O ports, according to their configuration (See above). Each port, i.e. each bit, can be either written or read with digital values 1 (equivalent to VDD) or 0 (equivalent to 0 volts). Included between 0 and 15 (register). Default value: 0

R S280 EA1 ADC Input No 1 Value

Indicates the analog input port value on 10 bits. A single conversion is started during read of this register and the result is send over the serial link. Value between 0 and 1023, with 1023 = VDD.

R S282 EA2 ADC Input No 2 Value

Indicates the analog input port value on 10 bits. A single conversion is started during read of this register and the result is send over the serial link. Value between 0 and 1023, with 1023 = VDD.

5.3 Operating modes

The addLINK is able to operate in one of the following modes:

o

o

o

o

o

Transparent.

Transparent Secured.

Transparent Addressed Secured.

I/O Copy mode (Master and Slave).

Demo mode (Master and Slave).

The mode that is to be used can be programmed via Hayes register S220.

The operation of the different modes is explained in detail in the following paragraphs.


5.3.1 Transparent Mode

In Transparent Mode, the addLINK radio module behaves like a wired serial link : I.e. the addLINK radio module does not only transmit to the radio channel every data received on the serial link, but also transmits on the serial link the information received on the radio channel.

Basically the addLINK radio module, as a half-duplex module, reproduces the half-duplex function of a RS-485 cable.

There is no flow control performed by the addLINK module in the transparent mode, neither on the serial link nor on the radio link. Flow control must be carried out by software applications via various protocols in use such as MODBUS, JBUS, etc…

Consequently, in Transparent Mode it is not possible to change the module parameters without a temporary return to Hayes mode.

NOTE: The user’s software application must adequately verify that all buffers are transmitted correctly taking into account that an interrupted transmission link may lead to losing one or several buffers.

5.3.2 Transparent Secured Mode

In order to confirm the correctness of the transmitted data frames, a data flow control between the radio modules is added to the Transparent Mode, so that each data transfer is “data verified”. This mode shall be operated for point-to-point communications only.

Transparent Secured Mode or Transparent «Data Verified» Mode’s purpose is to offer an optimal radio link quality and to provide transparent mode with the necessary security in case flow control would not be included within the user’s application software.

The risk of data loss is much lower than during the use of application software only because this latter is dependent on the intermediate times inserted by the serial link.

Moreover, a flow control is performed on the serial link in order to warn the user that the buffer (including 132 characters) is saturating. The warning level is default set to 132 characters and can be programmed via register S218.

NOTE: The user’s software application must adequately verify that all buffers are transmitted correctly taking into account that an interrupted transmission link may lead to losing one or several buffers. After N Time repetition of a buffer (N programmable up to 255 with S223) without a correct acknowledgement the buffer shall be considered as lost.

5.3.2.1 «Secured» link Algorithm

1. The transmitting addLINK radio module proceeds to data framing:


o

o

o

o

o

Transferred Data Count up.

Transferred Data Frame Type.

Frame number.

Data to be transmitted.

16 bits Checksum.

2. The receiving addLINK radio module analyses this data frame and checks its consistency.

When the data frame is received correctly, the receiver transmits an acknowledgement back to the transmitter, and delivers the received data framing to its serial link.

In case the reception is not without errors, the receiver requests a new framing transmission to the transmitter. The number of repetitions depends on the parameter programmed in the modem configuration (Register S223).

At serial port level, each transmitted data frame is «Data Verified», but no statement asserts to the user whether the data frame has been transmitted yet or not.

In «Transparent Secured Mode», a time-out is defined to indicate the end of a frame. This time-out is a programmable parameter (Register S214) separating each frame from the next one.


5.3.2.2 Flow control

Two types of flow control are available:

o

o

o

o

Hardware: CTS/RTS (the module manages RTS signal only).

None

Register S216 can be used to program this parameter:

'0' stands for hardware flow control.

'2' indicates no flow control.

Figure 5-1

Figure 5-1: Flow Control Timing Diagram

shows a flow control timing diagram of both types of flow control.

Out Time-

Frame > buffer si ze

Serial Rx (S214) Frame < buffer size

Serial RTS

Radio Transmission Transmissio n


5.3.3 Addressed Secured Mode

The Addressed Secured Mode is similar to a client/server network mode, the difference is that there is no server and all clients can communicate with each other.

Addressed secured mode’s purpose is to offer an optimal radio link quality and to provide transparent mode with the security of the secured mode. This transparent addressed secured mode includes the additional feature to use an address field to address one particular client.

Data Management is as follows:

o

o

o

Data transmissions are fully «Data Verified».

The modem acts as in transparent mode, adding frame encapsulation.

Identification of clients with a specific number added at the beginning of each data frame.

Example: "1=Hello" sends the data frame "Hello" to Client No.1.

o The receiver client recognises the client transmitting modem by the number starting the data frame.

Example: "002=Hello" indicates that data frame "Hello" comes from Client No.2.

o You can add one frame ending character: Carriage Return<CR>, after each received frame. This in order to distinguish each frame.

Example: "002=1458<CR> 003=4587<CR>" indicates data frame "1458" comes from Client No.2, and data frame "4587" comes from Client No.3.

o

o

o

No server, each client can communicate with each other.

Maximum of clients per network = 255, maximum of networks = 65535.

The data frame format can be configured (client ID at beginning, CR at end, Adcon modems frame format compatibility) via register S255.


5.3.4 Basic illustration of transparent modes

Transparent mode

Serial Link No.1 : <ABCD> -> <ABCD> : Serial Link No. 2

Serial Link No.1 : <FGHI> <- <FGHI> : Serial Link No. 2

Transparent secured mode

Serial Link No.1 : <ABCD> -> <ABCD> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK <- ACK

Serial Link No.1 : <RSTU> -> <RDTU> : Serial Link No. 2

NACK <- NACK

<RSTU> -> <RSTU> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK <- ACK

Serial Link No.1 : <FGHI> <- <FGHI> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK -> ACK

Transparent addressed secured mode

Serial Link No.1 : 2=<ABCD> -> 1=<ABCD> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK <- ACK

Serial Link No.1 : 2=<RSTU> -> 1=<RDTU> : Serial Link No. 2

NACK <- NACK

2=<RSTU> -> 1=<RSTU> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK <- ACK

Serial Link No.1 : 2=<FGHI> <- 1=<FGHI> : Serial Link No. 2

ACK -> ACK


5.3.5 I/O Copy mode

In I/O Copy mode the I/O lines of an addLINK module are copied to the other addLINK module. The following registers have to be programmed:

o Master: S220=6 and S260 for the I/O configuration.

o Slave: S220=7 and S260 for the I/O configuration (‘complementary’ configuration according to master)

Once configured as above, both modules start I/O copy as soon as the modules get out of Hayes mode (ATO command).

This mode works as follows:

o The master sends its input values to the slave.

o The slave sends an Ack to the master when the ‘input’ data arrived.

o The slave copies the master’s input on its output.

o After a 1 second time-out, the slave sends its inputs to the master.

o The master returns an ‘Ack’ when the input data is arrived.

o The master copies the slave’s inputs to its outputs.

o After a 1 second time-out, the master sends its inputs to the slave.

o And so on…

NOTE: When an addLINK with DAC is used (See paragraph 7.3) also the master ADC value is copied to the slave DAC and vice versa. When an addLINK without DAC is used the ADC value will not be transferred.

The I/O Copy mode stops as soon as the module returns to Hayes mode (+++ command).

5.3.6 Demonstration mode

A demonstration operating mode is available on the addLINK radio module. It requires the operation of the addLINK demo kit and allows the user to test the operation of the addLINK radio module. Basically it shall be used for performance range tests as it allows removing the serial connection and moving the radio module around.

To configure the module to demo mode, only the operating mode S220 needs to be modified:

o

o

If S220 is set to ‘10’ (ATS220=10<CR>), the unit is configured as Master in Demo mode. A master is equivalent to a network server, its network including only one unique client (Server/single client network).

If S220 is set to ‘11’ (ATS220=11<CR>), the unit is configured as Slave in Demo mode. A slave is equivalent to the unique network client of the Server/single client network described above.


The demo mode is similar to a Master and Slave mode, but the units are communicating continuously:

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

The master sends data frames to the slave and its yellow LED is flashing

If the data is correctly received, the slave lights its green LED, sends back the data to the master and its yellow LED is flashing

If the data is received with errors, the slave lights its red LED

If the master correctly receives back a data frame, it lights its green LED and restarts the process after 100 ms.

If the master receives a frame with errors or doesn’t receive any frame after a 50ms time-out, it lights its red LED. After 100 ms, the master restarts the process.

5.3.7 Radio Test Commands

These special AT commands are integrated in the addLINK radio module in order to make measurements during continuous transmission, and are primarily used during radio tests (radiated power, bandwidth, etc.) to show conformance to the ETS 300 220 standard.

It stops when any character is sent:

ATT0 <CR>: Transfer of a pure carrier ‘0’

ATT1 <CR>: Transfer of a pure carrier ‘1’

ATT2 <CR>: Transfer of a modulated carrier at F(maximum)

ATT3 <CR>: Transfer of a modulated carrier at F(average)

ATT4 <CR>: Transfer of a modulated carrier at F(minimum)


6 Integrating the addLINK into your application

6.1 Antenna polarisation

In order to realize the maximum possible range between two addLINK modules the antenna polarisation is of importance.

The antenna polarisation defines the electric field vector. The maximum field strength is in the horizontal plane when the addLINK antenna is vertically polarised.

Best performance is reached when the polarisation of the transmitting and the receiving antenna are equal.

The antenna can be polarised vertically or horizontally. The best polarisation for your application depends on the placement of the addLINK modules. In general the following two situations can be distinguished:

o If both addLINK modules operate at the same height (see Figure 6-1), optimal range should be realised when the antennas of both modules are vertically polarised.

o If one addLINK module is situated above another addLINK module (see Figure 6-2), optimal range should be realised when both modules are horizontally polarised.

addLINK No1 addLINK No2

Figure 6-1: Optimal polarisation of addLINK antennas with modules at the same height


addLINKNo1

addLINKNo2

Figure 6-2: Optimal polarisation of addLINK antennas with modules at different heights

Another antenna characteristic is the antenna gain, for optimal performance this parameter must be as large as possible.

The way to optimise antenna and polarisation for the application is explained in the following paragraphs.

6.2 Antenna ground plane on host PCB

An important part of the antenna forms the ground plane underneath the antenna. Because this ground plane isn’t part of the addLINK module itself but must be provided by the host PCB special care is needed during design of this PCB.

The ground plane has influence on the following two parameters:

o Antenna polarisation

o Antenna gain

To find the optimal antenna performance, experiments with different ground plane dimensions have been performed.

The following ground plane dimensions are defined:

o W1

o W2

o L1

o L2


W2

L1

addLINK with integrated antenna

L2 W1

groundplane

Figure 6-3: Antenna parameters

The conclusions from the experiment are as follows:

o The ground plane can be located indifferently on the top side or the bottom side.

o W2 and L1 can be small as their influence on the antenna’s electrical performances is weak. They are therefore fixed to a short dimension of 10 mm.

o W1 and L2 are important and strongly influence the antenna’s electrical performances.

o To get a horizontal polarisation, W1 has to be maximised.

o To get a vertical polarisation, L2 has to be maximised.

o To increase the antenna’s gain, W1 or L2, or W1 and L2 have to be maximised.


The following diagram shows the gain’s evolution when W1 and L2 are increased (10 to 70 mm) and summarise the characteristics of the antenna:

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

-10-9

-8-7-6-5

-4-3

-2-1

010 20 30 40 50 60 70

L2 in mm

Gai

n in

dB

i

��W1= 10 mm W1 = 30 mm W1 = 50 mm W1 = 70 mm

Figure 6-4: Antenna Gain vs. W1 and L2

The diagram clearly shows that the gain increases with W1 and L2. Therefore, the longer W1 and L2, the better the antenna’s electrical performance will be. Actually, the polarisation also needs to be considered, i.e. a proper W1-L2 combination needs to be chosen to get the desired polarisation (vertical or horizontal). The table shown below details the different combinations to get a pure polarisation for an optimal radiation:

Therefore, W1 must be much smaller than L2 to get a good vertical polarisation and much larger than L2 to get a good horizontal polarisation.


The following table shows the two optimal configurations of the addLINK antenna:

VERTICAL POLARISATION

L2 > 50 mm

G > -5 dBi W1 =10 mm

W2 = 10 mm

L1 = 10 mm L2 > 70 mm

G > -4 dBi

HORIZONTAL POLARISATION

W1 > 50 mm

G > -4 dBi W2 = 10 mm

L1 = 10 mm

L2 = 10 mm W1 > 70 mm

G > -2 dBi

W2

L1

addLINK with integrated antenna

L2 W1

groundplane

Figure 6-5: Optimal use of the antenna

The best performance for vertical polarisation is realised with L2 > 70 mm the antenna gain is then >-4 dB, when the size of the host PCB is a critical factor it is possible to reduce L2 to 50 mm, the antenna gain is then reduced to >-5 dB.

For horizontal polarisation the optimum antenna gain of -2 dB is obtained with W1 >70 mm, a reduced host ground plane with W1 > 50 mm results into a gain >-4 dB.

Note: When the integrated antenna is used, the addLINK radio module should not be placed in a metallic casing or close to metallic devices.


6.3 Mounting recommendations

6.3.1 Hardware recommendations

6.3.1.1 Power Supply

o The power supply for switching circuits (especially the RS-232/TTL interface circuit) must be decoupled with a tantalum capacitor as close as possible to the switching circuits.

o An LC filter (see and ) must be placed as close as possible to the radio module power supply pins, i.e. radio part power supply (VCC or addLINK pin 14) and digital power supply (VDD or addLINK pin 23).

Figure 6-6

Figure 6-6: LC-Filter

Table 6-1

Table 6-1: Recommended values for LC-Filter

L1 addLINK Vcc = pin 14 Supply voltage

& from host Vdd = pin 23 C1 C2

Symbols Reference Value Manufacturer

L1 LQH1C1R0M04 1µH Murata C1 GRM235Y5V226Z10 22µF Murata C2 Ceramic CMS 25V 100nF Multiple

o The radio module ground pins must be connected to a solid ground plane.

o If the ground plane is on the opposite side, a via must be used for each ground pin.


COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Page: 6-7

6.3.1.2 Schematics example

Schematic example 1: Minimum connections for RS-232 communication

COMMENTS: • Schematic for typical PC connection • Reset: Internal pull-up resistor. No connection needed • Stand-by: Internal pull-down resistor. No connection needed

File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

COPY

Schematic example 2: Full connections for RS-232 communication

RIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Rev: 2.1/200

COMMENTS: • Schematic for complete PC connection • addLINK reflashing possible using Adcon Flash dongle • LD3 blinking when addLINK powered on • Reset: internal pull-up resistor • Stand-by: internal pull-down resistor • ESL1 to ESL4: Logic I/O (0 to Vdd) • EA1 & EA2: Analog input. 10-bit precision • SA1 & SA2: Analog output. 8-bit precision when DAC used

File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc 2-09-24

Page: 6-8

COPYRIGHT Adcon RF Technology 2002 Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24

COMMENTS: • Schematic for complete micro-controller / sensor connection • addLINK reflashing possible using Adcon Flash dongle • Reset: internal pull-up resistor • Stand-by: internal pull-down resistor • ESL1 to ESL4: Logic I/O (0 to Vdd) • EA1 & EA2: Analog input. 10-bit precision • SA1 & SA2: Analog output. 8-bit precision when DAC used File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc

Schematic example 3: Full connections for communication with micro-controller or sensor

Page: 6-9

6.3.2 Mounting the addLINK to the host PCB

host PCBhost PCB

Integrated antenna

bracesolder dot

addLINK module

Cut out on hostSMD area

solder dot

Cut out on host

Figure 6-7: addLINK mounting

6.3.3 Recommended pad layout and host board cutout for addLINK integration

Figure 6-8: Host board cut-out

The size of the host board cutout is 19.60 x 35.60 mm. Don’t forget to implement the ground plane on the host PCB as described in paragraph 6.2.


7 Appendix

7.1 Alternative addLINK configurations

Table 7-1: Ordering information

Options Radio Module

Reference code

Antenna Micro- controller

DAC

B addLINK-868-NB-A-MC 103.000.112 O O - B addLINK-868-NB-A 103.000.113 O - - B addLINK-868-NB 103.000.114 - - - B addLINK-868-NB-MC 103.000.115 - O - B addLINK-868-NB-A-MC-DAC 103.000.118 O O O B addLINK-868-NB-MC-DAC 103.000.119 - O O

Radio module Options addLINK Demo Kit

Reference code

Antenna Micro- controller

DAC

D addLINK-868-NB-A-MC 503.000.019 O O - D addLINK-868-NB-A 503.000.020 O - - D addLINK-868-NB 503.000.021 - - - D addLINK-868-NB-MC 503.000.022 - O -

The first version of this table, the “addLINK-868-NB-A-MC” is described in the preceding chapters. A separate manual including additional information concerning the addLINK versions without microcontroller (addLINK-868-NB-A & addLINK-868-NB) is available with the addLINK software development kit (SDK).

The difference between addLINK with and without antenna is described in paragraph 7.2. Additional information describing the addLINK with DAC can be found in paragraph 7.3.

Table 7-2 describes the differences in pinning information for the addLINK modules compared to the “addLINK-868-NB-A-MC” information as described in chapter 2. Most functions are identical and for this reason only the differences are given.


addLINK-868-NB-x-MC-x

12

876543

Pin1*Gnd

GndGndGndGndGndGnd

9 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 1915 20 21 22 23 242526272829303132

10

*Pin 32*Pin 31

MOSI_Prog/RTSMOSI_Prog/CTSResetRxDTxDStandby

Gnd

Gnd

Gnd

GndVc

cG

ndG

ndG

nd

EA1

EA2

ESL1

/Sta

tus_

TxR

xPi

n 19

*Pi

n 18

*Pi

n 17

*

Clo

ck_P

rog/

Ack_

TxVdd

Pins with * have different functionsdepending on configuration.

Figure 7-1: addLINK Pinning information

Table 7-2: Differences in pinning functions

Configuration Pin No. Symbol addLINK-868-NB-A-MC Pin 1 Not connected Pin 17 ESL4 Pin 18 ESL3 Pin 19 ESL2 Pin 31 Not connected Pin 32 Not connected addLINK-868-NB-MC Pin 1 External antenna Pin 17 ESL4 Pin 18 ESL3 Pin 19 ESL2 Pin 31 Not connected Pin 32 Not connected addLINK-868-NB-A-MC-DAC Pin 1 Not connected Pin 17 Data_SPI Pin 18 Clock_SPI Pin 19 CS_SPI Pin 31 SA1 Pin 32 SA2 addLINK-868-NB-MC-DAC Pin 1 External antenna Pin 17 Data_SPI Pin 18 Clock_SPI Pin 19 CS_SPI Pin 31 SA1 Pin 32 SA2


7.2 addLINK with external antenna

The addLINK radio module can be mounted with an external antenna instead of the standard integrated antenna. Obviously, some recommendations need to be considered:

o See paragraph 6.3.1, as those are still valuable for a design with an external antenna.

o The area located under the addLINK radio module (35.6 x 19.6 mm) must be free of ground plane, tracks, mechanical pieces, etc, as on the Adcon addLINK interface/evaluation board (See Table 7-1: Ordering information)

o An anti-solder mask is necessary in this area as on the Adcon addLINK interface/evaluation board.

o A matching circuit must be established on the host board between the 50 ohms antenna output of the addLINK and the antenna.

o This matching circuit, to tune the external antenna, must be placed as close as possible to the addLINK antenna output and the antenna connection.

o For optimal performance follow the guide lines for the ground plane as described in chapter 6.2.

o The ground plane must be located underneath the trace between addLINK and antenna and underneath the matching circuit.



7.3 addLINK with DAC

An optional DAC can be integrated into the standard addLINK radio module. The DAC is a double 8 bits version with an analog output between 0 and the supply voltage.

The differences between the standard addLINK and the addLINK with DAC concern the following signal pins and functions. Compared to the pin description of the standard addLINK the differences are as follows:

Table 7-3: Differences in pin description addLINK with DAC

Pin type is designated by A = Analog, D = Digital, I = Input, O = Output

Pin Symbol Description Type

17 Data_SPI Do not connect! This signal is connect inside the addLINK module!

-

18 Clock_SPI Do not connect! This signal is connect inside the addLINK module!

-

19 CS_SPI Do not connect! This signal is connect inside the addLINK module!

-

31 SA1 Analog DAC output N°1 O 32 SA2 Analog DAC output N°2 O

The following registers are used for the DAC outputs:

Table 7-4: DAC Register information

Access Register Name Description I/O

Management

R/W S262 Analog I/O configuration

Indicates whether the ADC is used or not. '[0x00]' -> ADC off (Default value) '[0x03]' -> ADC on

R/W S272 SA1 Analog Output Port Value

Indicates the analog port value on 8 bits. Valid between 0 and 255, with 255 = VDD. Default value: 0

R/W S274 SA2 Analog Output Port Value

Indicates the analog port value on 8 bits. Valid between 0 and 255, with 255 = VDD. Default value: 0

During the I/O copy operating mode the ADC value of the master is transferred to the DAC output of the slave and vice versa. The I/O copy sample rate is 1 second.

When operating in one of the remaining modes the value of the DACs, when ‘turned on’ via register S262, can be read or written via registers S272 (for SA1) and S274 (for SA2).

addLINK Radio Module - Chalmers€¦ · File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24 ... o...

Documents

Transcript of addLINK Radio Module - Chalmers€¦ · File: Manual_addLINK_e_v2.2.doc Rev: 2.1/2002-09-24 ... o...