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Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 1 DATE AND TIME Function time() Description PHP's time() function gives you all the information that you need about the current date and time. It requires no arguments but returns an integer. The integer returned by time() represents the number of seconds elapsed since midnight GMT on January 1, 1970. This moment is known as the UNIX epoch, and the number of seconds that have elapsed since then is referred to as a time stamp. Syntax time() Example <?php print time(); ?> Output 948316201 Function getdate() Description The function getdate() optionally accepts a time stamp and returns an associative array containing information about the date. If you omit the time stamp, it works with the current time stamp as returned by time(). Following table lists the elements contained in the array returned by getdate(). Key Description Example seconds Seconds past the minutes (0-59) 20 minutes Minutes past the hour (0 - 59) 29 hours Hours of the day (0 - 23) 22 mday Day of the month (1 - 31) 11 wday Day of the week (0 - 6) 4 mon Month of the year (1 - 12) 7
Transcript of Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir › downloads › Must_Refer_phpf… · Additional...
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 1
DATE AND TIME
Function time()
Description PHP's time() function gives you all the information that you need about the current date and time. It requires no arguments but returns an integer. The integer returned by time() represents the number of seconds elapsed since midnight GMT on January 1, 1970. This moment is known as the UNIX epoch, and the number of seconds that have elapsed since then is referred to as a time stamp.
Syntax time()
Example <?php print time(); ?>
Output 948316201
Function getdate()
Description The function getdate() optionally accepts a time stamp and returns an associative array containing information about the date. If you omit the time stamp, it works with the current time stamp as returned by time().
Following table lists the elements contained in the array returned by getdate().
Key Description Example
seconds Seconds past the minutes (0-59) 20
minutes Minutes past the hour (0 - 59) 29
hours Hours of the day (0 - 23) 22
mday Day of the month (1 - 31) 11
wday Day of the week (0 - 6) 4
mon Month of the year (1 - 12) 7
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year Year (4 digits) 1997
yday Day of year ( 0 - 365 ) 19
weekday Day of the week Thursday
month Month of the year January
0 Timestamp 948370048
Syntax getdate()
Example <?php $date_array = getdate(); foreach ( $date_array as $key => $val ) { print "$key = $val<br />"; } $formated_date = "Today's date: "; $formated_date .= $date_array[mday] . "/"; $formated_date .= $date_array[mon] . "/"; $formated_date .= $date_array[year]; print $formated_date; ?>
Output seconds = 27 minutes = 25 hours = 11 mday = 12 wday = 6 mon = 5 year = 2007 yday = 131 weekday = Saturday month = May 0 = 1178994327 Today's date: 12/5/2007
Function date()
Description The date() function returns a formatted string representing a date. You can exercise an enormous amount of control over the format that date() returns with a string argument that you must pass to it.
The date() optionally accepts a time stamp if ommited then current date and time will be used. Any other data you include in the format string passed to date() will be included in the return value.
Following table lists the codes that a format string can contain:
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Format Description Example
a 'am' or 'pm' lowercase pm
A 'AM' or 'PM' uppercase PM
d Day of month, a number with leading zeroes 20
D Day of week (three letters) Thu
F Month name January
h Hour (12-hour format - leading zeroes) 12
H Hour (24-hour format - leading zeroes) 22
g Hour (12-hour format - no leading zeroes) 12
G Hour (24-hour format - no leading zeroes) 22
i Minutes ( 0 - 59 ) 23
j Day of the month (no leading zeroes 20
l (Lower 'L') Day of the week Thursday
L Leap year ('1' for yes, '0' for no) 1
m Month of year (number - leading zeroes) 1
M Month of year (three letters) Jan
r The RFC 2822 formatted date Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200
n Month of year (number - no leading zeroes) 2
s Seconds of hour 20
U Time stamp 948372444
y Year (two digits) 06
Y Year (four digits) 2006
z Day of year (0 - 365) 206
Z Offset in seconds from GMT +5
Syntax date(format,timestamp)
Example <?php print date("m/d/y G.i:s<br>", time()); print "Today is "; print date("j of F Y, \a\\t g.i a", time()); ?>
Output 02/05/15 10.27:22Today is 5 2015f February 2015, at 10.27 am
Function Date_create()
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Description The date_create() function returns a new DateTime object.
Syntax $date=date_create("2013-03-15");
Example <?php
$date=date_create("2013-03-15");
echo date_format($date,"Y/m/d");
?>
Output 2013/03/15
Function
date_parse()
Description Returns associative array with detailed info about given date
Syntax array date_parse ( string $date )
Example <?php
print_r(date_parse("2006-12-12 10:00:00.5"));
?>
Output Array ( [year] => 2006 [month] => 12 [day]
=> 12 [hour] => 10 [minute] => 0 [second] =>
0 [fraction] => 0.5 [warning_count] => 0
[warnings] => Array ( ) [error_count] => 0
[errors] => Array ( ) [is_localtime] => )
Function
date_modify
Description date_modify — Alters the timestamp
Syntax public DateTime DateTime::modify ( string $modify )
Example <?php
$date = new DateTime('2006-12-12');
$date->modify('+1 day');
echo $date->format('Y-m-d');
?>
Output 2006-12-13
Function
getdate()
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Description Get date/time information
Syntax array getdate ([ int $timestamp = time() ] )
Example <?php
$today = getdate();
print_r($today);
?>
Output Array ( [seconds] => 37 [minutes] => 25
[hours] => 11 [mday] => 2 [wday] => 1 [mon]
=> 2 [year] => 2015 [yday] => 32 [weekday]
=> Monday [month] => February [0] =>
1422872737 )
Function
microtime()
Description The microtime() function returns the current Unix timestamp with microseconds.
Syntax microtime(get_as_float);
Example <?php echo(microtime()); ?>
Output 0.71496300 1422875681
Function
Idate()
Description Format a local time/date as integer
Syntax int idate ( string $format [, int $timestamp = time() ] )
Example <?php
$timestamp = strtotime('1st January 2004'); //1072915200
// this prints the year in a two digit format
// however, as this would start with a "0", it
// only prints "4"
echo idate('y', $timestamp);
?>
Output 4
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COOKIES
Function setcookie()
Description PHP provided setcookie() function to set a cookie. This function
requires upto six arguments and should be called before <html> tag.
For each cookie this function has to be called separately.
Syntax setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, secure, httponly);
Example <?php setcookie("TestCookie", 'something from somewhere', time()+3600, "/", "example.com", 1); print_r($_COOKIE); echo $_COOKIE["TestCookie"]; ?> name=TestCookie value= 'something from somewhere' expire= time()+3600 path= "/" domain= "example.com" httponly=1 name The name of the cookie. value The value of the cookie. This value is stored on the clients computer; do not store sensitive information. Assuming the name is 'cookiename', this value is retrieved through $_COOKIE['cookiename'] expire The time the cookie expires. This is a Unix timestamp so is in number of seconds since the epoch. In other words, you'll most likely set this with the time() function plus the number of seconds before you want it to expire. Or you might use mktime(). time()+60*60*24*30 will set the cookie to expire in 30 days. If set to 0, or omitted, the cookie will expire at the end of the session (when the browser closes). Note: You may notice the expire parameter takes on a Unix timestamp, as opposed to the date format Wdy, DD-Mon-YYYY HH:MM:SS GMT,
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this is because PHP does this conversion internally. path The path on the server in which the cookie will be available on. If set to '/', the cookie will be available within the entire domain. The default value is the current directory that the cookie is being set in. domain The domain that the cookie is available to. Setting the domain to 'www.example.com' will make the cookie available in the www subdomain and higher subdomains. Cookies available to a lower domain, such as 'example.com' will be available to higher subdomains, such as 'www.example.com'. Older browsers still implementing the deprecated » RFC 2109 may require a leading .to match all subdomains. secure Indicates that the cookie should only be transmitted over a secure HTTPS connection from the client. When set to TRUE, the cookie will only be set if a secure connection exists. On the server-side, it's on the programmer to send this kind of cookie only on secure connection. httponly When TRUE the cookie will be made accessible only through the HTTP protocol. This means that the cookie won't be accessible by scripting languages, such as JavaScript. It has been suggested that this setting can effectively help to reduce identity theft through XSS attacks (although it is not supported by all browsers), but that claim is often disputed. Added in PHP 5.2.0. TRUE or FALSE
Function isset()
Description You can use isset() function to check if a cookie is set or not.
Syntax isset($_COOKIE["name"])
Example <html> <head> <title>Accessing Cookies with PHP</title> </head> <body> <?php if( isset($_COOKIE["name"])) echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["name"] . "<br />"; else echo "Sorry... Not recognized" . "<br />"; ?>
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</body> </html>
Deleting Cookie with PHP
Officially, to delete a cookie you should call setcookie() with the name argument only but this does not always work well, however, and should not be relied on.
It is safest to set the cookie with a date that has already expired:
<?php
setcookie( "name", "", time()- 60, "/","", 0);
setcookie( "age", "", time()- 60, "/","", 0);
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Deleting Cookies with PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "Deleted Cookies" ?>
</body>
</html>
ERROR HANDLING
Function
debug_backtrace()
Description debug_backtrace() generates a PHP backtrace.
Syntax array debug_backtrace ([ int $options =
DEBUG_BACKTRACE_PROVIDE_OBJECT [, int $limit = 0 ]] )
Example
<?php
function a_test($str)
{
echo "\nHi: $str";
var_dump(debug_backtrace());
}
a_test('friend');
?>
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output
Hi: friendarray(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["file"]=> string(34)
"C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\debugbacktrace
.php" ["line"]=>int(9) ["function"]=>
string(6) "a_test" ["args"]=> array(1) {
[0]=>&string(6) "friend" } } }
Function debug_print_backtrace()
Description debug_print_backtrace() prints a PHP backtrace. It prints the function calls, included/required files and eval()ed stuff.
Syntax void debug_print_backtrace ([ int $options =
0 [, int $limit = 0 ]] )
Example <?php
// include.php file
function a() {
b();
}
function b() {
c();
}
function c(){
debug_print_backtrace();
}
a();
?>
<?php
// test.php file
include 'include.php';
?>
output #0 c() called at
[C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\include.php:9] #1
b() called at
[C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\include.php:5] #2
a() called at
[C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\include.php:16] #3
include(C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\include.php)
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called at
[C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\test.php:5]
Function
trigger_error()
Description The trigger_error() function creates a user-level error
message.
The trigger_error() function can be used with the built-in
error handler, or with a user-defined function set by
theset_error_handler() function.
Syntax trigger_error(errormsg,errortype);
Example <?php
$usernum=11;
if ($usernum>10)
{
trigger_error("Number cannot be larger than
10",E_USER_ERROR);
}
?>
Output
Fatal error: Number cannot be larger than 10
in C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\a.php on
line 5
Function
user_error()
Description The user_error() function creates a user-level error message.
The user_error() function can be used with the built-in error
handler, or with a user-defined function set by
theset_error_handler() function.
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Syntax user_error(errormsg,errortype);
Example <?php
$usernum=11;
if ($usernum>10)
{
user_error("Number cannot be larger than 10",E_USER_ERROR);
}
?>
Output
Fatal error: Number cannot be larger than 10
in C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\a.php on
line 5
Function
set_error_handler()
Description The set_error_handler() function sets a user-defined error
handler function.
Syntax set_error_handler(errorhandler,E_ALL|E_STRICT);
errorhandler- Required. Specifies the name of the function to
be run at errors
E_ALL|E_STRICT- Optional. Specifies on which error report level
the user-defined error will be shown. Default is "E_ALL"
Example <?php
// A user-defined error handler function
function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
echo "<b>Custom error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
echo " Error on line $errline in $errfile<br>";
}
// Set user-defined error handler function
set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");
$test=2;
// Trigger error
if ($test>1) {
trigger_error("A custom error has been triggered");
}
?>
Output Custom error: [1024] A custom error has been
triggered
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Error on line 15 in
C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\err.php
Function
set_exception_handler()
Description The set_exception_handler() function sets a user-defined
exception handler function.
The script will stop executing after the exception handler is
called.
Syntax set_exception_handler(exceptionhandler);
Example <?php
// A user-defined exception handler function
function myException($exception) {
echo "<b>Exception:</b> ", $exception->getMessage();
}
// Set user-defined exception handler function
set_exception_handler("myException");
// Throw exception
throw new Exception("Uncaught exception occurred!");
?>
Output Exception: Uncaught exception occurred!
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Function
restore_error_handler()
Description The restore_error_handler() function restores the previous
error handler.
This function is used to restore the previous error handler after
changing it with the set_error_handler() function.
Syntax restore_error_handler();
Example <?php
// A user-defined error handler function
function myErrorHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
echo "<b>Custom error:</b> [$errno] $errstr<br>";
echo " Error on line $errline in $errfile<br>";
}
// Set user-defined error handler function
set_error_handler("myErrorHandler");
$test=2;
// Trigger error
if ($test>1) {
trigger_error("A custom error has been triggered");
}
// Restore previous error handler
restore_error_handler();
// Trigger error again
if ($test>1) {
trigger_error("A custom error has been triggered");
}
?>
Output Custom error: [1024] A custom error has been
triggered
Error on line 15 in
C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\restore.php
Notice: A custom error has been triggered
in C:\xampp\htdocs\phpfunctions\restore.php on
line 23
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Function
restore_exception_handler()
Description The restore_exception_handler() function restores the
previous exception handler.
This function is used to restore the previous exception handler
after changing it with the set_exception_handler()function.
Syntax restore_exception_handler();
Example <?php
// Two user-defined exception handler functions
function myException1($exception) {
echo "[" . __FUNCTION__ . "]" . $exception->getMessage();
}
function myException2($exception) {
echo "[" . __FUNCTION__ . "]" . $exception->getMessage();
}
set_exception_handler("myException1");
set_exception_handler("myException2");
restore_exception_handler();
// Throw exception
throw new Exception("This triggers the first exception
handler...");
?>
Output [myException1]This triggers the first
exception handler...
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Possible Error levels
These error report levels are the different types of error the user-defined error handler can be used for. These values cab used in combination using | operator
Value Constant Description
1 E_ERROR Fatal run-time errors. Execution of the script is halted
2 E_WARNING Non-fatal run-time errors. Execution of the script is not halted
4 E_PARSE Compile-time parse errors. Parse errors should only be generated by the parser.
8 E_NOTICE Run-time notices. The script found something that might be an error, but could also happen when running a script normally
16 E_CORE_ERROR Fatal errors that occur during PHP's initial startup.
32 E_CORE_WARNING Non-fatal run-time errors. This occurs during PHP's initial startup.
256 E_USER_ERROR Fatal user-generated error. This is like an E_ERROR set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()
512 E_USER_WARNING Non-fatal user-generated warning. This is like an E_WARNING set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()
1024 E_USER_NOTICE User-generated notice. This is like an E_NOTICE set by the programmer using the PHP function trigger_error()
2048 E_STRICT Run-time notices. Enable to have PHP suggest changes to your code which will ensure the best interoperability and forward compatibility of your code.
4096 E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR Catchable fatal error. This is like an E_ERROR but can be caught by a user defined handle (see also set_error_handler())
8191 E_ALL All errors and warnings, except level E_STRICT (E_STRICT will be part of E_ALL as of PHP 6.0)
EXCEPTION HANDLING
Function Try, Throw, Catch
Description Try - A function using an exception should be in a "try" block. If the exception does not trigger, the code will continue as normal. However if the exception triggers, an exception is "thrown".
Throw - This is how you trigger an exception. Each "throw" must have at least one "catch".
Catch - - A "catch" block retrieves an exception and creates an object containing the exception information.
Syntax Try {--------} Catch (Exception $e) { ----------------- }
Example <?php try { $error = 'Always throw this error';
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throw new Exception($error); // Code following an exception is not executed. echo 'Never executed'; } catch (Exception $e) { echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n"; } // Continue execution echo 'Hello World'; ?>
In the above example $e->getMessage function is uded to get error message. There are following functions which can be used from Exception class.
getMessage()- message of exception getCode() - code of exception getFile() - source filename getLine() - source line getTrace() - n array of the backtrace() getTraceAsString() - formated string of trace
Function set_exception_handler()
Description Here exception_handler is the name of the function to be called when an uncaught exception occurs. This function must be defined before calling set_exception_handler().
Syntax string set_exception_handler ( callback $exception_handler )
Example <?php function exception_handler($exception) { echo "Uncaught exception: " , $exception->getMessage(), "\n"; } set_exception_handler('exception_handler'); throw new Exception('Uncaught Exception'); echo "Not Executed\n"; ?>
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SORTING
Function sort()
Description sort arrays in ascending order
Syntax Sort(array);
Example <?php $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota"); sort($cars); ?>
Output BMW Toyota Volvo
Function rsort()
Description sort arrays in descending order
Syntax rsort(array);
Example <?php $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota"); rsort($cars); ?>
Output Volvo Toyota BMW
Function asort()
Description sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
Syntax asort(array);
Example <?php $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43"); asort($age); ?>
Output Key=Peter, Value=35 Key=Ben, Value=37 Key=Joe, Value=43
Function ksort()
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Description sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
Syntax ksort(array);
Example <?php $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43"); ksort($age); ?>
Output Key=Ben, Value=37 Key=Joe, Value=43 Key=Peter, Value=35
Function arsort()
Description sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
Syntax arsort(array);
Example <?php $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43"); arsort($age); ?>
Output Key=Joe, Value=43 Key=Ben, Value=37 Key=Peter, Value=35
Function krsort()
Description sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key
Syntax krsort(array);
Example <?php $age = array("Peter"=>"35", "Ben"=>"37", "Joe"=>"43"); krsort($age); ?>
Output Key=Peter, Value=35 Key=Joe, Value=43 Key=Ben, Value=37
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SESSION
session_abort — Discard session array changes and finish session
session_cache_expire — Return current cache expire
session_cache_limiter — Get and/or set the current cache limiter
session_commit — Alias of session_write_close
session_decode — Decodes session data from a session encoded string
session_destroy — Destroys all data registered to a session
session_encode — Encodes the current session data as a session encoded string
session_get_cookie_params — Get the session cookie parameters
session_id — Get and/or set the current session id
session_is_registered — Find out whether a global variable is registered in a session
session_module_name — Get and/or set the current session module
session_name — Get and/or set the current session name
session_regenerate_id — Update the current session id with a newly generated one
session_register_shutdown — Session shutdown function
session_register — Register one or more global variables with the current session
session_reset — Re-initialize session array with original values
session_save_path — Get and/or set the current session save path
session_set_cookie_params — Set the session cookie parameters
session_set_save_handler — Sets user-level session storage functions
session_start — Start new or resume existing session
session_status — Returns the current session status
session_unregister — Unregister a global variable from the current session
session_unset — Free all session variables
session_write_close — Write session data and end session
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ARRAY
Function array_key_exists()
Description The array_key_exists() function checks an array for a
specified key, and returns true if the key exists and false if the key does not exist.
Syntax array_key_exists(key,array)
Example <?php $a=array("Volvo"=>"XC90","BMW"=>"X5"); if (array_key_exists("Volvo",$a)) { echo "Key exists!"; } else { echo "Key does not exist!"; } ?>
Output Key exists!
Function array_keys ()
Description The array_keys() function returns an array containing the keys.
Syntax array_keys(array,value,strict)
Example <?php
$a=array("Volvo"=>"XC90","BMW"=>"X5","Toyota"=>"Highlander");
print_r(array_keys($a));
?>
Output Array ( [0] => Volvo [1] => BMW [2] => Toyota )
Function array_map();
Description The array_map() function sends each value of an array to a user-made function, and returns an array with new values, given by the user-
made function.
Syntax array_map(myfunction,array1,array2,array3...)
Example <?php
function myfunction($num)
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{
return($num*$num);
}
$a=array(1,2,3,4,5);
print_r(array_map("myfunction",$a));
?>
Output Array ( [0] => 1 [1] => 4 [2] => 9 [3] => 16 [4] => 25 )
Function array_merge_recursive()
Description The array_merge_recursive() function merges one ore more arrays
into one array.
The difference between this function and the array_merge() function is
when two or more array elements have the same key. Instead of
override the keys, the array_merge_recursive() function makes the
value as an array.
Syntax array_merge_recursive(array1,array2,array3...)
Example <?php
$a1=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green");
$a2=array("c"=>"blue","b"=>"yellow");
print_r(array_merge_recursive($a1,$a2));
?>
Output Array ( [a] => red [b] => Array ( [0] => green [1] => yellow ) [c] => blue )
Function array_merge()
Description The array_merge() function merges one or more arrays into one array.
Tip: You can assign one array to the function, or as many as you like.
Syntax array_merge(array1,array2,array3...)
Example <?php $a1=array("red","green"); $a2=array("blue","yellow"); print_r(array_merge($a1,$a2));
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?>
Output Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => yellow )
Function array_multisort()
Description The array_multisort() function returns a sorted array. You can assign
one or more arrays. The function sorts the first array, and the other
arrays follow, then, if two or more values are the same, it sorts the
next array, and so on.
Note: String keys will be maintained, but numeric keys will be re-
indexed, starting at 0 and increase by 1.
Syntax array_multisort(array1,sorting order,sorting type,array2,array3...)
Example <?php
$a=array("Dog","Cat","Horse","Bear","Zebra");
array_multisort($a);
print_r($a);
?>
Output Array ( [0] => Bear [1] => Cat [2] => Dog [3] => Horse [4] => Zebra )
Function array_pad()
Description Pad array to the specified length with a value
Syntax array_pad(array,size,value)
Example <?php $a=array("red","green"); print_r(array_pad($a,5,"blue")); ?>
Output Array ( [0] => red [1] => green [2] => blue [3] => blue [4] => blue )
Function array_rand()
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Description thearray_rand() function returns a random key from an array, or it
returns an array of random keys if you specify that the function should
return more than one key.
Syntax array_rand(array,number)
Example <?php $a=array("red","green","blue","yellow","brown"); $random_keys=array_rand($a,3); echo $a[$random_keys[0]]."<br>"; echo $a[$random_keys[1]]."<br>"; echo $a[$random_keys[2]]; ?>
Output red
green
yellow
Function array_reduce()
Description The array_reduce() function sends the values in an array to a user-
defined function, and returns a string.
Note: If the array is empty and initial is not passed, this function
returns NULL.
Syntax array_reduce(array,myfunction,initial)
Example <?php function myfunction($v1,$v2) { return $v1 . "-" . $v2; } $a=array("Dog","Cat","Horse"); print_r(array_reduce($a,"myfunction")); ?>
Output -Dog-Cat-Horse
Function array_replace_recursive()
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 24
Description The array_replace_recursive() function replaces the values of the first
array with the values from following arrays recursively.
Tip: You can assign one array to the function, or as many as you like.
Syntax array_replace_recursive(array1,array2,array3...)
Example <?php $a1=array("a"=>array("red"),"b"=>array("green","blue"),); $a2=array("a"=>array("yellow"),"b"=>array("black")); print_r(array_replace_recursive($a1,$a2)); ?>
Output Array ( [a] => Array ( [0] => yellow ) [b] => Array ( [0] => black [1] =>
blue ) )
Function array_replace()
Description The array_replace() function replaces the values of the first array with
the values from following arrays.
Tip: You can assign one array to the function, or as many as you like.
If a key from array1 exists in array2, values from array1 will be
replaced by the values from array2. If the key only exists in array1, it
will be left as it is (See Example 1 below).
Syntax array_replace(array1,array2,array3...)
Example <?php
$a1=array("red","green");
$a2=array("blue","yellow");
print_r(array_replace($a1,$a2));
?>
Output Array ( [0] => blue [1] => yellow )
Function array_reverse()
Description The array_reverse() function returns an array in the reverse order.
Syntax array_reverse(array,preserve)
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 25
Example <?php $a=array("a"=>"Volvo","b"=>"BMW","c"=>"Toyota"); print_r(array_reverse($a)); ?>
Output Array ( [c] => Toyota [b] => BMW [a] => Volvo )
Function array_search()
Description The array_search() function search an array for a value and returns the key.
Syntax array_search(value,array,strict)
Example <?php $a=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green","c"=>"blue"); echo array_search("red",$a); ?>
Output a
Function array_shift()
Description The array_shift() function removes the first element from an array, and
returns the value of the removed element.
Syntax array_shift(array)
Example <?php $a=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green","c"=>"blue"); echo array_shift($a); print_r ($a); ?>
Output red
Array ( [b] => green [c] => blue )
Function array_slice()
Description The array_slice() function returns selected parts of an array.
Syntax array_slice(array,start,length,preserve)
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 26
Example <?php $a=array("red","green","blue","yellow","brown"); print_r(array_slice($a,2)); ?>
Output Array ( [0] => blue [1] => yellow [2] => brown )
Function array_splice()
Description The array_splice() function removes selected elements from an array and replaces it with new elements. The function also returns an array with the removed elements.
Syntax array_splice(array,start,length,array)
Example <?php $a1=array("a"=>"red","b"=>"green","c"=>"blue","d"=>"yellow"); $a2=array("a"=>"purple","b"=>"orange"); array_splice($a1,0,2,$a2); print_r($a1); ?>
Output Array ( [0] => purple [1] => orange [c] => blue [d] => yellow )
Function compact()
Description The compact() function creates an array from variables and their values.
Syntax compact(var1,var2...)
Example <?php $firstname = "Peter"; $lastname = "Griffin"; $age = "41"; $result = compact("firstname", "lastname", "age"); print_r($result); ?>
Output Array ( [firstname] => Peter [lastname] => Griffin [age] => 41 )
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 27
Function current()
Description The current() function returns the value of the current element in an array.
Syntax current(array)
Example <?php $people = array("Peter", "Joe", "Glenn", "Cleveland"); echo current($people) . "<br>"; ?>
Output Peter
Function each()
Description The each() function returns the current element key and value, and
moves the internal pointer forward.
Syntax each(array)
Example <?php $people = array("Peter", "Joe", "Glenn", "Cleveland"); print_r (each($people)); ?>
Output Array ( [1] => Peter [value] => Peter [0] => 0 [key] => 0 )
Function end()
Description The end() function moves the internal pointer to, and outputs, the last element in the array.
Syntax end(array)
Example <?php $people = array("Peter", "Joe", "Glenn", "Cleveland"); echo current($people) . "<br>"; echo end($people); ?>
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 28
Output Peter
Cleveland
Function extract()
Description The extract() function imports variables into the local symbol table from an array.
Syntax extract(array)
Example <?php $a = "Original"; $my_array = array("a" => "Cat","b" => "Dog", "c" => "Horse"); extract($my_array); echo "\$a = $a; \$b = $b; \$c = $c"; ?>
Output $a = Cat; $b = Dog; $c = Horse
Function in_array()
Description The in_array() function searches an array for a specific value.
Syntax in_array(search,array,type)
Example <?php $people = array("Peter", "Joe", "Glenn", "Cleveland"); if (in_array("Glenn", $people)) { echo "Match found"; } else { echo "Match not found"; } ?>
Output Match found
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 29
Function Key()
Description The key() function returns the element key from the current internal
pointer position.
This function returns FALSE on error.
Syntax Key(array)
Example <?php $people=array("Peter","Joe","Glenn","Cleveland"); echo "The key from the current position is: " . key($people); ?>
Output The key from the current position is: 0
array_change_key_case — Changes the case of all keys in an array
array_chunk — Split an array into chunks
array_column — Return the values from a single column in the input array
array_combine — Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values
array_count_values — Counts all the values of an array
array_diff_assoc — Computes the difference of arrays with additional index check
array_diff_key — Computes the difference of arrays using keys for comparison
array_diff_uassoc — Computes the difference of arrays with additional index check which is
performed by a user supplied callback function
array_diff_ukey — Computes the difference of arrays using a callback function on the keys for
comparison
array_diff — Computes the difference of arrays
array_fill_keys — Fill an array with values, specifying keys
array_fill — Fill an array with values
array_filter — Filters elements of an array using a callback function
array_flip — Exchanges all keys with their associated values in an array
array_intersect_assoc — Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check
array_intersect_key — Computes the intersection of arrays using keys for comparison
array_intersect_uassoc — Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check,
compares indexes by a callback function
array_intersect_ukey — Computes the intersection of arrays using a callback function on the
keys for comparison
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 30
array_intersect — Computes the intersection of arrays
array_multisort — Sort multiple or multi-dimensional arrays
array_pad — Pad array to the specified length with a value
array_pop — Pop the element off the end of array
array_product — Calculate the product of values in an array
array_push — Push one or more elements onto the end of array
array_rand — Pick one or more random entries out of an array
array_reduce — Iteratively reduce the array to a single value using a callback function
array_replace_recursive — Replaces elements from passed arrays into the first array
recursively
array_sum — Calculate the sum of values in an array
array_udiff_assoc — Computes the difference of arrays with additional index check, compares
data by a callback function
array_udiff_uassoc — Computes the difference of arrays with additional index check,
compares data and indexes by a callback function
array_udiff — Computes the difference of arrays by using a callback function for data
comparison
array_uintersect_assoc — Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check,
compares data by a callback function
array_uintersect_uassoc — Computes the intersection of arrays with additional index check,
compares data and indexes by a callback functions
array_uintersect — Computes the intersection of arrays, compares data by a callback function
array_unique — Removes duplicate values from an array
array_unshift — Prepend one or more elements to the beginning of an array
array_values — Return all the values of an array
array_walk_recursive — Apply a user function recursively to every member of an array
array_walk — Apply a user supplied function to every member of an array
array — Create an array
arsort — Sort an array in reverse order and maintain index association
asort — Sort an array and maintain index association
krsort — Sort an array by key in reverse order
ksort — Sort an array by key
list — Assign variables as if they were an array
natcasesort — Sort an array using a case insensitive "natural order" algorithm
natsort — Sort an array using a "natural order" algorithm
next — Advance the internal array pointer of an array
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 31
pos — Alias of current
prev — Rewind the internal array pointer
range — Create an array containing a range of elements
reset — Set the internal pointer of an array to its first element
rsort — Sort an array in reverse order
shuffle — Shuffle an array
sizeof — Alias of count
sort — Sort an array
uasort — Sort an array with a user-defined comparison function and maintain index
association
uksort — Sort an array by keys using a user-defined comparison function
usort — Sort an array by values using a user-defined comparison function
Additional Functions of PHP – by Rocky Sir
Company URL: http://suvenconsultants.com Page 32
Assignments: (Must be done by each level 2 WT student)
1) Display a date and time in this format -> "dd/mm/yyyy HH:MM".
2) Show the date 2 weeks further than current week.
3) Display all Sunday's date in the year of 2015.
4) Display time of Dubai.
5) The date of birth should be taken as input from the user. A user's age should
be calculated.
6) Calculate a no. of days between today’s date and Dec 31st 2015.
7) First allow a user to Login. After Login set a cookie to a value of a name of a
user entered during login.
8) Check if cookie is set or not.
9) Generate a PHP backtrace of a simple php function.
10) Create a user defined error such as if the length of input type text is
greater than "20" than it should give an fatal error.
11) Generate an user defined error if a variable does not exists.
12) Trigger an exception if the length of the string is greater than 10.
13) Create an array and sort it in a reverse order.
14) This is an given array array("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"). The output should be
Array([2] => c,[3] => d).
15) Create an array and take a value from the user and check if that value is
present in array.
16) This is an given array array(2, 4, 6, 8). The output should be an addition of
all values.
