CIKM Presentation at the AFAAS Review Workshop Addis-Ababa 15 oct 2014
ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011
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Transcript of ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011
ADDIS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP 14 – 17 March 2011
MAKING SOCIAL PROTECTION WORK FOR PRO-POOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
India’s experience in social protection –
Lessons from social mobilisation and women’s empowerment in Andhra
Pradesh state
VIJAY KUMAR,Joint Secretary,Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India([email protected])
Vision of A.P social protection programme:
each family in the state should be out of poverty, and, enjoy a decent quality of life.
Comprehensive:
‘voice’, gender equality, income, social recognition, risk management, health and education
Core beliefs in social protection:
• Poor:
– innate capabilities
– self-help and volunteerism
• Social mobilisation and institutions of poor – critical for comprehensive poverty eradication
• Sensitive support institutions for poor – to induce social mobilisation
A.P social protection programme
Strong commitment of successive Chief Ministers ( over 20 years )
UNDP – SAPAP Pilot 1995 – 2000
World Bank support – 2000 - 2011
Setting up of S.E.R.P in 2000 – statewide implementing organisation
Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various
project components
– Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations.
– A development professional, called Community Coordinator (CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in her cluster.
– SERP selects and trains them. After completion of training, they are contracted by the MS and are accountable to MS.
– M.S responsible for social mobilisation, institution building and funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F
– Micro credit plans are evolved by the S.H.Gs in each village. These plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and Bank Linkage.
– V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans and recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F
– V.Os appraise microplans and also finance them from the recycled C.I.F
C.B.Os implement the projectInstitutional Model
SHGs
•Thrift and credit activities
•Monitoring group performance
•Micro Credit Planning•Household inv plans
• E.C -2 from each S.H.G, 5 Office bearers
•Strengthening of SHGs
•Arrange line of credit to the SHGs
•Social action
•Village development
•Marketing and food security
•Support activists – 3 -5
• E.C -2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers
•Support to VOs
•Secure linkage with Govt. Depts.
fin institutions, markets
•Auditing of the groups
•Micro Finance functions
10 - 15
SHGs SHGs SHGsSHGs SHGs
V.O
150 -200
MMS
6000 9000 -
Z S300,000500,000
Village Organization
Mandal Samakhya
Zilla Samakhya
SELF HELP GROUPS
Universal outreach
– All Villages in A.P covered
– Universal coverage of poor
– 10.7 million women organised into 934,000 S.H.Gs
– S.H.G Federations: village – 35,525 V.Os, mandal – 1099 M.M.S, and, district – 22 Z.Ss
Social capital
– 2.0 million trained grassroots women leaders managing S.H.Gs and federations
– 180,000 para professionals at village level – accountable to women’s groups
– 20,000 Community resource persons – scaling up and deepening social mobilisation
Community Micro finance model
Village Organizatio
n
Mandal Samakhya
SHG SHG SHG
Terms of Partnership (VO –
MS)
Terms of Partnership (SHG –
VO)
Terms of Partnership
(Member – SHG)
Repayment Period
Members
Prioritization of Needs and MembersMicro Credit Plan
100 - 120 Months
40 - 60
months
12-24 months
Banks
Financial inclusion
W.B / GoI outlay: - Rs.2600 cr ($600 m)
S.H.G’s own corpus Rs.4650 cr ($1020)
Cumulative lending from banks: 2001-11:
Rs.34000 cr ($7470 m)
State Govt’s incentive for prompt loan repayment: 2004-11: Rs.1600 cr ($350 m)
Prerequisites for a family to come out of abject poverty
Time: 6 to 8 years
Nurturing by S.H.Gs and federations.
Minimum investment of Rs.100,000 ($2200) per family (‘small’ and ‘big’ loans)
A.P Govt. plan to raise Rs.110,000 cr ($ 24 bn) covering 11 million poor women – by 2016/17
Impact of social protection on key livelihoods
– Agriculture
– Livestock – dairying
– Skills
– Risk management
Eco – agriculture initiative
– To reduce costs and risks and increase net incomes
– Community managed
– Appropriate for adaptation to climate change and mitigation
– 27 lakh acres, 10 lakh farmers coverage (12 % of State’s cultivable area).
Key elements:• Management by women
• “Decentralized, accountable extension system”,
• locally available natural resources
• bio-diversity
• household level food and nutritional security
• Best practising farmers as community trainers – scaling-up “by” the community
15
• Summer Ploughing:
• Exposes the pupae
• to scorching sun
• Community bonfires:
• Immediately after
• the first rains, attracts
• adults and kill the pests
Non pesticide management practices
16
• Seed and seedling
treatment:
• To prevent pests and
fungal diseases in early
Stages
• Alleys :
To Prevent Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) etc
• Bird perches:
• 15 – 20 bird perches
• per Acre
• to manage larval pests
• Clipping of the tips, paddy seedlings:
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Jowar as a border crop
Marigold as a trap crop for Helicoverpa
Border crop:
with jowar or maize in two or three rows. To improve friendly insect population
Trap crop: castor, marigold and okra @ 100 plants / acre
18
Pheromone traps:
5-10 traps / Ac for monitoring pest load
Delta traps:
For leaf Webber in Groundnut
Light traps:
Red hairy cater pillar in G.Nut
19
Soil Fertility Management – through natural resources
• Mulching , Catch crop
• Polycrops - Crop diversification
• Bund plantation – Gliricidia, etc
• Azolla in Paddy
• Tank silt application
• FYM - soil organic carbon
• Dung based inoculants
• Composting - NADEP
• Neem cake application
Drought proofing
Conservation of the entire rain water in the field itself
•300000 acres of 1,60,000 poor farmers 2009-11
Components include Trench, Conservation furrows, Farm Pond, compost pit , tank silt application.
Rs. 48,000 per acre - MGNREGS
Crop Management:
• Perennials on conservation furrows including green leaf manure plants.
• 7 tiered crop canopy ( 36*36 model ) near farm pond.
Bio diversity
• Poly crops with emphasis on monocot & dicots, leguminous & non leguminous
• Bund plantation
• Ecological benefits – fish and honey bee
Increased food grain production – House hold level
Sl.No Name Req of rice for family
Qty produced thru 0.5 acre model
Status after 0.5 acre model implementation
1 Smt.Ramulamma 12 8 4 qtls deficit
2 Smt. Kishtamma 7.5 8 0.5 qtls surplus
3 Smt. Vineetha 7 8 1 qtl surplus
4 Smt.Balamma 8 8 sufficient
• Yadireddy pally of Mahabubnagar
• Earlier they used to purchase entire requirement
Journey of an ultra poor family from “wage seekers” to “net food producers”
• Smt. M.Bojjamma , Thadakanaplle village in Kurnool district.
• Ultra-poor • The village Organization provided a loan
amount of Rs.7,000/- for leasing in 0.5 Acre land
• Incomes– Kharif - SRI Paddy – Rs. 20,000/-– Kharif Vegetables- Rs.22,200/-– Rabi Vegetables - Rs.26,500/-– Total gross incomes – Rs.68,700/-
• Total cost of cultivation – Rs. 7,200/-• Net income from 0.5 Acre – Rs. 54,500/-
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L Venkat Rao –Vijayangaram
• 36 ft * 36 ft area
• Net Income : Rs.11,150 on 1100 sft Crop Name
Yield in Kg
Income (Rs)
Leafy Vegetables
125 2,500
Vegetables
140 2,820
Creepers 295 4250
Pulses 150 3050
Tuber Crops
40 750
Total Income
13,750
Expenditure
1,050
Family consn
1,550
Net Income
11,150
Multi layer farming – 36*36 model
Securing the future for the ultra poor
Every ultra-poor family should earn an additional Income of Rs.60,000 /-per annum
Key sources:
A. Sustainable Agriculture – Rs.25,000 – 40,000/- B. NREGA – Rs.10,000/- C. Marketing Premiums – Rs.5000 – 10,000/- D. Dairy – Rs.15000 – Rs.25000/-
Assumptions:Land lease/own: wet land – 0.25 – 0.5 acres wetDry land: 0.5 – 1.0 acreDairy: 2 -3 animals
Social protection – other livelihoods impacts
Collective marketing of agriculture produce
− Village level procurement centres for paddy, maize, red gram, soybean, etc
Women dairies− 175 Bulk milk cooling centres run by Mandal samakhyas
− 2784 village milk collection centres
− 250,000 litres of milk per day (flush season)
− 140,000 dairy farmers
Risk mitigation
Social risk management
– Managed by Zilla samakhyas, M.Ss
– 9 million members/spouses covered under life insurance - largest in the country
– 24*7 service
– Low Admin costs: Rs.10 ($0.20 cents) per member per annum
– Cattle insurance – Vizianagaram district
– Health insurance - Vishakhapatnam
Social interventions
Health and nutrition initiative
– healthy mothers and healthy babies – ‘zero’ low birth weight babies
Education
– Pre-school centres managed by V.Os
Gender initiative – intra family equity, ‘no to domestic violence’, family counselling centres
Social interventions
• S.H.G – Co-contributory pension – introduced in Nov 2009, to cover 4 million rural and urban women in S.H.Gs
Convergence
Women’s network a platform for convergence of all anti-poverty programmes of Govt. : housing, land access, civil supplies, urban development, forest management
Line departments modified implementation procedures in consultation with S.H.G federations
Scaling up A.P experience to the whole country
National Rural livelihoods mission Task: to reach out to 70 – 80 million
rural poor households (poorest of poor: 350 – 400 million)
Stay engaged with them till they come out of abject poverty
To do this in a time bound manner
N.R.L.MKey pillars:
1. Building strong institutions of the poor2. Dedicated support structures3. Financial inclusion4. Sustainable Livelihoods promotion5. Social risk management6. Partnerships: N.G.Os, banks, private sector, training
institutions