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Adaptive Leaf Size Adaptive Leaf Size Week Two (analysis)
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Transcript of Adaptive Leaf Size Adaptive Leaf Size Week Two (analysis)
Adaptive Leaf SizeAdaptive Leaf SizeWeek Two (analysis)
HypothesHypotheses:es:
H1: Plants in wet soil do not have to conserve water, so they will be as warm as possible. H2: Plants in dry soil must conserve water, so they will be as cool as possible. Predictions :
Predictions: Predictions:
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
In the sun, the air temp is the coolest the
leaf can be, so this leaf should be small to
reach air temp and conserve water: get
cool
In the sun, a leaf can be warmed above
the air temp by the sun, so this leaf
should be large to increase photosyn.:
stay hot
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
In the shade, the air temp is as warm as
the leaf can be, so this leaf should be the air
temp to increase photosyn.: get hot
In the shade, the leaf can get below air temp
(due to evaporative cooling), so this leaf should be large to
conserve water: stay cool
AssumptionsAssumptions::
o Temperature : Temperature : PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesiso Temperature : Temperature : Water lossWater loss
Fun with Fun with Statistics!Statistics!
o We will do 4 We will do 4 t-testst-testso t-test: tells us how different the averages of two groups aret-test: tells us how different the averages of two groups are
o t-tests use t-tests use Standard deviation (SD)Standard deviation (SD)o SD: SD: ““typicaltypical”” deviation from the mean deviation from the mean
o t-tests give us a t-tests give us a P-valueP-value o P-value: probability that your result is due to chance alone. P-value: probability that your result is due to chance alone. o P ≥ 0.05 = the difference in averages is most likely due to P ≥ 0.05 = the difference in averages is most likely due to chance…chance…o P < 0.05 = the averages are “significantly” differentP < 0.05 = the averages are “significantly” different
o DonDon’’t forget where you predicted the t forget where you predicted the larger vs. smaller leaf!larger vs. smaller leaf!
t-test…t-test…
t = X X
sn
sn
1 2
12
1
22
2
t = t-test valueX = group means = st. dev.n = sample size
Food for thought…Food for thought…o According to the model, what environmental factors determine leaf According to the model, what environmental factors determine leaf size?size?
o What other environment factors could influence leaf size?What other environment factors could influence leaf size?
o Why is the model applied to vine-like plants?Why is the model applied to vine-like plants?
o What assumptions did you make to test the model?What assumptions did you make to test the model?o Do you think they were valid?Do you think they were valid?
o Which lab measurements were:Which lab measurements were:o Qualitative?Qualitative?o Quantitative?Quantitative?
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
Sunny
Shady
Wet Dry
In the sun, the air temp is the coolest the
leaf can be, so this leaf should be small to
reach air temp and conserve water: get
cool
In the sun, a leaf can be warmed above
the air temp by the sun, so this leaf
should be large to increase photosyn.:
stay hot
Decrease water lossIncrease photosynthesis
In the shade, the air temp is as warm as
the leaf can be, so this leaf should be the air
temp to increase photosyn.: get hot
In the shade, the leaf can get below air temp
(due to evaporative cooling), so this leaf should be large to
conserve water: stay cool