Adaptations and Traits of Organisms Final Assessment-Animal PowerPoint
Adaptations of marine organisms
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Transcript of Adaptations of marine organisms
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Adaptations of Marine OrganismsThe marine
environment is more stable than land.
Organisms in the ocean are less able to withstand environmental changes.
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Adaptations of Marine OrganismsPhysical support
BuoyancyHow to resist
sinkingDifferent support
structures in cold (fewer) rather than warm (more appendages) seawater
Smaller size
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© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Adaptations of Marine OrganismsHigh surface area
to volume ratioUnusual
appendages to increase surface area
Oil in micro-organisms to increase buoyancy
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Viscosity and Streamlining AdaptationsStreamlining
important for larger organisms
Less resistance to fluid flow
Flattened bodyTapering back end
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Temperature and Marine LifeNarrow range of temperature in oceansSmaller variations (daily, seasonally,
annually)Deep ocean is nearly isothermal
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Ocean TemperatureMore stable than land for four reasons:
Higher heat capacity of waterOcean warming reduced by evaporationSolar radiation penetrates deeply into ocean
layersOcean mixing
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Cold vs. Warm Water SpeciesSmaller in cooler seawaterMore appendages in warmer seawaterTropical organisms grow faster, live shorter,
reproduce more oftenMore species in warmer seawaterMore biomass in cooler seawater (upwelling)
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Temperature and Marine OrganismsStenothermal
Organisms withstand small variation in temperature
Typically live in open oceanEurythermal
Organisms withstand large variation in temperature
Typically live in coastal waters
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Salinity and Marine OrganismsStenohaline
Organisms withstand only small variation in salinity
Typically live in open oceanEuryhaline
Organisms withstand large variation in salinityTypically live in coastal waters, e.g., estuaries
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Marine vs. Freshwater Fish