Adaptations
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Transcript of Adaptations
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Adaptations
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Adaptations
An adaptation is a characteristic that enables an organism to survive in an environment.
Adaptations contribute to the fitness and survival of individuals
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Adaptations result from natural selection- there is variation within a population- organisms with the characteristics that
enable their survival will survive- those organims that survive, reproduce
to pass on these characteristics.
Remember Charles Darwin
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Three types of adaptations
• Structural – physical characteristics eg thick fur coats
• Physiological –the processes occuring in an organism eg Hibernation
• Behavioural – actions of an organism eg basking in sun
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Frill necked lizards (Chlamydosaurus kingii) bask in the sun until they reach an adequate core body temp, then they will retreat into the shade.
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The cladodes of the she-oak (casuarinas) have tiny little leaves that can only be seen with a lens. This reduces surface area for water retention.
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The Australian alpine grasshopper (Koscioscula tristis) has a blue colouring at higher temperatures and an almost black colour at low temperatures.
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The leaves of the Eucalypt hang vertically to reduce the area that is exposed to the sun in the hottest part of the day.
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Penguins use countercurrent exchange to prevent heat loss. The warm blood in arteries heats the cool blood returning to the body.
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Problems
The environment is not static - an organisms current characteristic may have been inherited thousands of years ago when they existed in a different habitat.
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Vestigal Organs Vestigal organs are the remnants of fully functional structures in their ancestors
Dolphins and whales have lungs which are of no use for living in water
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Therefore:
• An adaptation refers to both the current state of being adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that leads to the adaptation
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Looking at FossilsFossils can tell us a lot about the history of life on earth
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But interpreting the characteristics of fossils is even
more difficult
Are the bony plates of the stegosaurus for defence, temperature regulation or to attract a mate?
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Many adaptations are not obvious
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Missconceptions
“An adaptation is a change in an organism that helps it survive and reproduce in its environment”
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Misconception
“An adaptation is a change in an organism produced as a response to a change in the environment e.g phototropism”