Sandra Cory Clarisa Tarigan and Dwina RoosminiDepartment of Environmental Engineering

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Bandung

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“You might have unintentionally quench your thirst on water that contains heavy metal substances”

6+Crother heavy metals

..

Raw water for drinking water in

Bandung, Purwakarta,

Karawang, Bekasi and Jakarta comes

from Citarum River.

In some experiments conducted to examine the water quality of Citarum river still can be found

toxicant that is at alarming level.

One of the industries that discharge their waste water into the Citarum River is the

electroplating industry.

Preliminary study of acute toxicity test using flow-

through test method with daphnia magna as test

animal on an electroplating industry’s wwtp effluent

What’s inside?

- Methodology- Results

- Conclusion j

- Introduction

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Intr

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Indonesia does not have any standards governing the toxicity of waste water parameters. In some countries, a feasibility test for the industrial wastewater effluent based on the level of toxicity has been developed.

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PRELIMINARY- Field Survey

- Literature Study

Daphnia magna cultures Retrieving samples

Acute Toxicity Test(WET)

- Flow-through test- LC50-96 hours- Measure: pH, DO, temperature, alkalinity, hardness, salinity, ammonia

WWTP Effluent & Influent Characteristic Test

Parameters: TSS, COD, pH, CN, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn

Analysis and discuccion

Conclusion and feedback

methodology

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2 Acute toxicity test

Both the range-finding & definitive tests were done by exposing the test organism to 5 various sample

concentrations.

The value of LC50 is obtained from PROBIT

- Range-finding test

- Definitive test

- LC50

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xUsing flow-through test method

Using static test method6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, 100%

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gDAPHNIA magna

The early stage of Daphnia magna using is the process of culturing

test animalsDaphnia magna that is used are

those who aged < 24 hours and will not be fed during

the test

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4 c2 Culturing DAPHNIA magna

“The full grown Daphnia magna took just a few days to sprout.

Thus, it does not take a long time to prepare for

the test organism culture.”

-Womsiwor

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2 Flow-through test Reactor- Made of acrylic (64 x 74 x 40 cm)

- The effluent flow is pumped continually to the reactor

aaa

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50 ml

250 ml

2000 ml

11 cm

15 cm

12,5 cm

40 cm

2.5 cm

wood

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4 5

60 +

4 c

m

70 + 4 cm

effluent AQUA

Control

Flow-through test Reactor

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CHARACTERISTICWASTE WATER

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CHARACTERISTICWASTE WATER

Baku mutu =

0.2 mg/l

Baku mutu =

0,1 mg/l

CHARACTERISTICWASTE WATER

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lts Parameters Standard Did not meet

standard (%)Highest Removal Eff.

(%)Average Removal

Eff. (%)

TSS 20 mg/l 53.33 94.4 39.77

pH 6-9 66.67 - -

COD 100 mg/l 80 69.23 -3.97

CN 0.2 mg/l 0 56.04 -40.34

Cr 0.5 mg/l 100 36.34 -6.72

Cu 0.6 mg/l 0 98.26 86.11

Cd 0.05 mg/l 0 87.5 -20

Ni 1 mg/l 0 - 0

Zn 1 mg/l 100 84.79 49.29

Pb 0.1 mg/l 0 83.33 28.57

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Acutetoxicitytest

Range-finding test

Definitive test

LC50 17.096 %

12.5-25%(temporary LC50)

15%, 18%, 20%, 21%, 25%(5 new various

concentrations of effluent)

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lts Observation Dilution pH DO (mg/l) Temp (oC) Conductivity (mS)

24 hr 12,5 % 8,93 4,18* 26,67 0,8415 % 8,65 5,38 26,3 0,4618 % 8,9 5,65 27 0,7821 % 8,7 6,07 26,3* 1,1325 % 8,87 4,96 26,67 1,03

0 % (control) 8,27 5,30 27 0,2548 hr 12,5 % 8,5 5,54 26,8 1,11

15 % 8,3 5,35 27 1,3618 % 8,46 4,80 27 0,7621 % 8,57 6,33 28,5 1,6525 % 8,33 5,11 27,3 1,25

0 % (control) 8,6 4,88 28 0,4672 hr 12,5 % 8,6 4,70 27 1,11

15 % 8,87 6,16 27 0,4118 % 8,5 4,48 27 0,5921 % 8,9 5,79 28 0,8825 % 9,17* 5,56 28.3 1,45

0 % (control) 8,5 5,81 29* 0,33*96 hr 12,5 % 8,25* 6,06 28 0,72

15 % 8,3 5,28 28 1,2118 % 8,75 5,50 27,7 1,3921 % 8,9 6,67* 27 0,4325 % 8,8 4,58 28,5 1,01

0 % (control) 8,6 5,60 28 1,72*

Acutetoxicitytest

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Acutetoxicitytest

Value pH DO (mg/l)

Temp (oC)

Conductivity (mS)

Highest 9.17 6.67 29 1.72Lowest 8.25 4.18 26.3 0.33

Water Quality On Chamber Test During Definitive Test

1. pHIt is written that optimum pH for living place of Daphnid is between 8,5-9,5. The solution test is base and still in optimum range.

2. DODaphnid can live well in water that contains dissolved oxygen from 4-6 mg/l. The DO contained in solution test is still in optimum range. This is one of the benefit of using flow-through test method. By flow-through test method, DO concentration in reactor is more preserved.

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Acutetoxicitytest

Value pH DO (mg/l)

Temp (oC)

Conductivity (mS)

Highest 9.17 6.67 29 1.72Lowest 8.25 4.18 26.3 0.33

Water Quality On Chamber Test During Definitive Test

3. TemperatureDaphnid can live well on temperature range from 18 to 26oC. The temperature that is occurred goes beyond the optimum temperature range. But, the daphnids has been cultured in the location for about 4 weeks. This gives them time to adapt with the temperature on the location.

4. ConductivityOptimum conductivity value of daphnid living place is 0,5 mS. The value of conductivity in the chamber test exceeds the optimum value. This might contributes to the immobility of daphnid during toxicity test.

Value Hardness (mg/l

CaCO3)

Salinity (o/oo)

TSS Influent (mg/l)

TSS Effluent (mg/l)

Alkalinity (mg/l

CaCO3)

Ammonia (mg/l)

Highest 176,04 2,10 22,33 25,33 545 0,96Lowest 138,18 0,80 15,33 15,33 390 -0,04

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Acutetoxicitytest

Characteristic of Waste Water During Definitive Test

1. HardnessThe higher the value of water hardness, the more toxic its effluent. For this parameter, there has been no established standard so that can not be concluded whether the obtained value is categorized as high value or not.

2. SalinityThe higher the value of salinity, the higher the possibility of immobility occurred to daphnid. But from the measurement result, it can be seen that the value of salinity is small and doesn’t need to be worried about.

Value Hardness (mg/l

CaCO3)

Salinity (o/oo)

TSS Influent (mg/l)

TSS Effluent (mg/l)

Alkalinity (mg/l

CaCO3)

Ammonia (mg/l)

Highest 176,04 2,10 22,33 25,33 545 0,96Lowest 138,18 0,80 15,33 15,33 390 -0,04

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Acutetoxicitytest

3. TSSThe established standard of TSS is 20 mg/l. There are some samples that exceeds the standard. Also, there are samples where TSS effluent is higher than TSS influent.

4. AlkalinitypH value tends to increase as the value of alkalinity increases. From the obtained data, the data appears to be parallel with the theory.

Characteristic of Waste Water During Definitive Test

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4 After analysing the characteristics and comparison with the effluent water quality

standards from Ministry of Environment Decision No. 51 year 1995 on wastewater

quality standards for Metal Coatings Industrial Activities, there are some physical-chemical parameters that still exceeded these quality

standard. These parameters are pH, TSS, COD, Cr and Zn. The acute toxicity test using flow-through test reactor and Daphnia magna as

animal testing result in 17,096 % as the value of LC50 of effluent from electroplating industry.

During definitive test, conductivity is the parameter that has the highest possibility to

contribute to the immobility of daphnia.

con

clu

sion u

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4 After analysing the characteristics and comparison with the effluent water quality

standards from Ministry of Environment Decision No. 51 year 1995 on wastewater

quality standards for Metal Coatings Industrial Activities, there are some physical-chemical parameters that still exceeded these quality

standard. These parameters are pH, TSS, COD, Cr and Zn. The acute toxicity test using flow-through test reactor and Daphnia magna as

animal testing result in 17,096 % as the value of LC50 of effluent from electroplating industry.

During definitive test, conductivity is the parameter that has the highest possibility to

contribute to the immobility of daphnia.

con

clu

sion u

This research is supported and sponsored by:

6“Thank you for listening”

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Preliminary study of acute toxicity test using flow-

through test method with daphnia magna as test

animal on an electroplating industry’s wwtp effluent