Activity at LNL and SPES
description
Transcript of Activity at LNL and SPES
Nupecc Meeting Catania, March 12, 2010
Activity at LNL and Activity at LNL and SPES SPES
Activity at LNL and Activity at LNL and SPES SPES
L.CorradiLaboratori Nazionali di Legnaro – INFN, Italy
The LNL The LNL acceleratoracceleratorss
The LNL The LNL acceleratoracceleratorss
PIAVE HI Injector AN2000 2 MV
ALPI Linac 40 MVeq
Tandem XTU 15 MV
CN 7 MV
Open Calls for LoIs for the INFN research infrastructures
May 2007
Transnational Transnational accessaccess
Transnational Transnational accessaccess
E.Fioretto
50 LoIs 50 LoIs 312 potential users 312 potential users from 15 countriesfrom 15 countries(about 30% more than (about 30% more than presented at the VI presented at the VI FP)FP)
50 LoIs 50 LoIs 312 potential users 312 potential users from 15 countriesfrom 15 countries(about 30% more than (about 30% more than presented at the VI presented at the VI FP)FP)
Nuclear structure Nuclear structure researchresearch
Nuclear structure Nuclear structure researchresearch
AGATA demonstrator CLARA GASP
- High spin states - Collectivity and shell model
- Isospin symmetries - Isospin mixing in N=Z nuclei - Spectroscopy at the dripline- Shell stability and evolution
in neutron rich nuclei - Symmetries at the critical point
- Rotational damping
- High spin states - Collectivity and shell model
- Isospin symmetries - Isospin mixing in N=Z nuclei - Spectroscopy at the dripline- Shell stability and evolution
in neutron rich nuclei - Symmetries at the critical point
- Rotational damping
Reaction dynamics Reaction dynamics researchresearch
Reaction dynamics Reaction dynamics researchresearch
GARFIELD and 8πLP PRISMA and PISOLO EXOTIC
-Multinucleon transfer - Nuclear superfluidity (pair
transfer)- Elastic and inelastic scattering
- Near and sub-barrier fusion
-Multinucleon transfer - Nuclear superfluidity (pair
transfer)- Elastic and inelastic scattering
- Near and sub-barrier fusion
- Multifragmentation at low excitation energies- Nuclear level density - Collective modes of
excitations
- Multifragmentation at low excitation energies- Nuclear level density - Collective modes of
excitations
- Break up processes - Quasi elastic scattering with light ions produced in secondary reactions
- Break up processes - Quasi elastic scattering with light ions produced in secondary reactions
target
MOT
Fundamental interaction Fundamental interaction studies studies
Fundamental interaction Fundamental interaction studies studies
18O+197Au
trapped 8000 210Fr isotopes
18O beam I= 200 pnA
I ~ 5x105 ions/sec
the TRAPRAD experiment : production and trapping of Fr the TRAPRAD experiment : production and trapping of Fr isotopesisotopes
the TRAPRAD experiment : production and trapping of Fr the TRAPRAD experiment : production and trapping of Fr isotopesisotopes
LNL-FE-SI collaboration
Francium is the heaviest alkali, has a simple electronic structure and has enhanced P and T violation effects
% distribution of beam on % distribution of beam on target among the different target among the different set-up’sset-up’s
% distribution of beam on % distribution of beam on target among the different target among the different set-up’sset-up’s
LNL PAC Feb2010LNL PAC Feb2010
LNL PAC Feb2006LNL PAC Feb2006
average rejection factor for average rejection factor for nuclear physics experiments over nuclear physics experiments over the last five years : 45-65% the last five years : 45-65%
average rejection factor for average rejection factor for nuclear physics experiments over nuclear physics experiments over the last five years : 45-65% the last five years : 45-65%
5 asymmetric triple-clusters36-fold segmented crystals540 segments555 digital-channels
Eff. 3 – 7 % @ M = 1
Eff. 2 – 4 % @ M = 30
Full ACQ with on line PSA and -ray tracking
Major issue (in the demonstration phase) is the Doppler correction capability
coupling to beam and recoil tracking devices PRISMAPRISMAD.Bazzacco
Conventional array
Segmented detectors
-ray tracking
Energy (keV)
The innovative use of detectors
(pulse shape analysis, -ray
tracking, digital DAQ) will result in
high efficiency (~40%) and
excellent energy resolution
Objective of the final Objective of the final R&D R&D phase 2003-2008phase 2003-2008
Objective of the final Objective of the final R&D R&D phase 2003-2008phase 2003-2008
The AGATA
DEMONSTRATOR
The AGATA
DEMONSTRATOR
547 keV(197Au)
847 keV( 56Fe)
Dante+PSA4.6 keV
Original~30 keV
56Fe 197Au220 MeV
Dante+PSA2.6 keV
Original~10 keV
Present set up: Present set up: 3 triple clusters3 triple clusters
44thth triple being triple being installed nowinstalled now
Present set up: Present set up: 3 triple clusters3 triple clusters
44thth triple being triple being installed nowinstalled now
Original and Doppler-corrected spectra for the 847 keV 56Fe 2+ 0+ lineDirection of recoils determined by the MCP Dante
neutrons
pro
tons
Neutron drip-line
Proton drip-line
Spectroscopy and lifetimes in the new
region of deformationn-rich A~60, N~40 nuclei
n-rich nuclei
Lifetimes in neutron-rich Ca isotopes
N=50 shell gap: lifetime, and excited states
Quenching of the N=82 shell gap in n-rich nuclei
More than 20 LoI:Highly Excited Collective Modes.Proton-rich mirror nuclei.Superdeformed states in A~40 proton-rich region.Order-Chaos transition in warm rotating nuclei.etc...
Evolution of collectivity and Dynamical Symmetries
in the rare earths
Mix-symmetry states
Lifetimes in the region of the island of inversion
Physics program : evolution of Physics program : evolution of magic numbers and collectivity in magic numbers and collectivity in neutron rich nuclei, but not only… neutron rich nuclei, but not only…
Physics program : evolution of Physics program : evolution of magic numbers and collectivity in magic numbers and collectivity in neutron rich nuclei, but not only… neutron rich nuclei, but not only…
THE PRISMA SPECTROMETER + CLARA GAMMA THE PRISMA SPECTROMETER + CLARA GAMMA ARRAY ARRAY
THE PRISMA SPECTROMETER + CLARA GAMMA THE PRISMA SPECTROMETER + CLARA GAMMA ARRAY ARRAY
PRISMA: a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer
80 msr; Bmax = 1.2 TmA/A ~ 1/200Energy acceptance ~ ±20%
INFN exp. PRISMA (LNL,PD,TO,Na)
INFN exp. GAMMA (LNL,PD,Fi,MI,Na,Pg)
+ broad Int. Collaboration (UK,F,D,Pl,Sp,Ro,Hr)
INFN exp. PRISMA (LNL,PD,TO,Na)
INFN exp. GAMMA (LNL,PD,Fi,MI,Na,Pg)
+ broad Int. Collaboration (UK,F,D,Pl,Sp,Ro,Hr)
Multineutron and multiproton transfer channels near closed-Multineutron and multiproton transfer channels near closed-shell nucleishell nuclei
Multineutron and multiproton transfer channels near closed-Multineutron and multiproton transfer channels near closed-shell nucleishell nuclei
PRISMA spectrometer data
GRAZING code calculations
Mass [amu]
pure neutron pick-up channels
9090Zr+Zr+208208Pb EPb Elablab=560 =560 MeVMeV
9090Zr+Zr+208208Pb EPb Elablab=560 =560 MeVMeV
L.Corradi et al, J.Phys G36(2009)113101 (Topical Review)
Near- and sub-barrier fusion Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions reactions
Near- and sub-barrier fusion Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions reactions
Precise measurements of fusion excitation functions allow to
probe nuclear structure effects: multi-dimentional tunnelling, influence of surface vibrations and transfer channels on reaction dynamics
understand synthesis of superheavy elements
measure rates of reactions of astrophysical interest
A.M.Stefanini et al., PRC76(2007)014610
cross section measurements at far sub-
barrier energies may probe the nuclear potential inside
the Coulomb barrier
A.M.Stefanini et al PRC78(2008)044607
14
To do that we used the most neutron-rich stable beams available at the Tandem/PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex of LNL at energies 5-15% above the Coulomb barrier
To do that we used the most neutron-rich stable beams available at the Tandem/PIAVE-ALPI accelerator complex of LNL at energies 5-15% above the Coulomb barrier
136Xe136Xe
82Se82Se70Zn70Zn
64Ni64Ni
36S36S26Mg26Mg
22Ne22Ne
48Ca48Ca
40Ar40Ar
96Zr96Zr
THE PRISMA + CLARA THE PRISMA + CLARA CAMPAIGN CAMPAIGN
THE PRISMA + CLARA THE PRISMA + CLARA CAMPAIGN CAMPAIGN
Grazing reactions as a tool to study n-rich nucleiGrazing reactions as a tool to study n-rich nucleiGrazing reactions as a tool to study n-rich nucleiGrazing reactions as a tool to study n-rich nuclei
Cr (-4p)
Gamma softness in heavy Cr and Fe Gamma softness in heavy Cr and Fe isotopes isotopes populated in populated in 6464Ni+Ni+238238U at EU at Elablab=404 =404 MeVMeV
Gamma softness in heavy Cr and Fe Gamma softness in heavy Cr and Fe isotopes isotopes populated in populated in 6464Ni+Ni+238238U at EU at Elablab=404 =404 MeVMeV
N.Marginean et al., Phys. Lett. B 633(2006)696
58Cr New points
•The R(E4/E2) ratio for the heavy Fe isotopes is very close to the 2.50 value characteristic of -soft rotors
•The value for the heavier Cr isotopes is also close to the same limit
•58Cr lies exactly at the 2.20 value predicted for the E(5) dynamical symmetry. The energies of the yrast band are in good agreement with the predictions of this symmetry. Transition probabilities are essential to decide whether 58Cr lies or not at the E(5) critical
point.
dynamical symmetries
Lifetimes measurements in Lifetimes measurements in 4848Ca+Ca+208208Pb at Pb at EElablab=310 MeV=310 MeV
Lifetimes measurements in Lifetimes measurements in 4848Ca+Ca+208208Pb at Pb at EElablab=310 MeV=310 MeV
J.J.Valiente-Dobon et al, PRL102(2009)242502
Differential Plunger Differential Plunger MethodMethod
Differential Plunger Differential Plunger MethodMethod
comparison of deduced
B(E2) with large scale shell model calculations
June 2011 LNL6TC
Dec 2011 GSI/FRS≥ 8TC
July 2013 GANIL/SPIRAL2
~15TC
AGATA D.+PRISMA AGATA + VAMOS + EXOGAMAGATA @ FRS
Total Eff. > 10% Total Eff. > 20% Total Eff. ~6%
AGATA AGATA Demonstrator/1Demonstrator/1ΠΠ Experimental Experimental programprogram
AGATA AGATA Demonstrator/1Demonstrator/1ΠΠ Experimental Experimental programprogram
HECTOR: 8 Large BaF2
High-energy -rays
Coincident measurements +LCP + residues @ 5-
20MeV/A
GARFIELD: 180 E-E telescopes
Light Charged Particles
PPAC or PhoswichResidues selection
GARFIELD+HECTOR CampaignGARFIELD+HECTOR Campaigno Temperature dependence of GDR
o Isospin Mixing of N=Z nucleus 80Zr at high To Dynamic Dipole in N/Z asymmetric reaction o Search for the Jacobi shape transition in light
nucleio Onset of the multi-fragmentation and the GDR
F.Gramegna, A.Bracco et al, LNL-MI collaboration
Nuclear structure Nuclear structure at finite at finite temperature temperature
Nuclear structure Nuclear structure at finite at finite temperature temperature
GARFIELD+HECTOR set-up – GDR studies in hot and GARFIELD+HECTOR set-up – GDR studies in hot and thermalizedthermalized nuclei : damping of collective modes at finite nuclei : damping of collective modes at finite temperature temperature
GARFIELD+HECTOR set-up – GDR studies in hot and GARFIELD+HECTOR set-up – GDR studies in hot and thermalizedthermalized nuclei : damping of collective modes at finite nuclei : damping of collective modes at finite temperature temperature
O. Wieland et al., PRL97(2006)012501
Agreement with thermal fluctuation model if and only if CN evaporation
width is included
GDR analysis with no preequilibrium effects in 64Ni+116Sn
Analysis of α particle spectra shows preequilibrium effects in 16O+116Sn
Increase of GDR width is due to deformation effects
Two reactions – same compound
16O (130,250 MeV ) + 116Sn 132Ce*
64Ni (300,400,500 MeV) + 68Zn 132Ce*
32S +27Al @ 474 MeV
300
μ
500
μ
Random impinging ions
BeB
CN
OF
Ne
GARFIELD : studies of response of silicon detectors - GARFIELD : studies of response of silicon detectors - channelling channelling effects and digital pulse shape effects and digital pulse shape
GARFIELD : studies of response of silicon detectors - GARFIELD : studies of response of silicon detectors - channelling channelling effects and digital pulse shape effects and digital pulse shape
G.Poggi
The FAZIA The FAZIA Initiative Initiative The FAZIA The FAZIA Initiative Initiative
Final goal: build the full array for lower (SPIRAL2 / LNL / SPES) and higher energy (GANIL / LNS / FAIR
/ EURISOL / RIA) studies with exotic and stable beams.
DIGITAL PULSE SHAPE on 500μm Silicon
channelling spoils mass identification
Cyclotron 750 μA, 70 MeV (max) for protons in two exit ports: •RIB - up to 300 μA p on UCx•Application - up to 500 μA
Cyclotron 750 μA, 70 MeV (max) for protons in two exit ports: •RIB - up to 300 μA p on UCx•Application - up to 500 μA
Additional target station (special plants second priority)RIB or neutron production
Additional target station (special plants second priority)RIB or neutron production
UCx target station 1013
fission/s
UCx target station 1013
fission/s
High Resolution Mass Spectrometer 1/20000
High Resolution Mass Spectrometer 1/20000
Charge Breeder1+ n+Charge Breeder1+ n+
transport/beam cooler/separator
(Post Accelerator)
SPES ISOL facility SPES ISOL facility SPES ISOL facility SPES ISOL facility
G.Prete
22
ALPI layout
Optimum betaOptimum betaβo = 0.047βo = 0.056βo = 0.11βo = 0.13
To be funded:
2 additional LowBeta Cryostats (CR1, CR2) a New buncher
New magnetic lenses (upgrade from 20 to 30 T/m)
Funded upgrade (2009)Funded upgrade (2009)LowBeta CR3, new couplersLowBeta CR3, new couplers
ALPI upgrade for ALPI upgrade for SPES SPES ALPI upgrade for ALPI upgrade for SPES SPES
The ALPI post The ALPI post accelerator accelerator The ALPI post The ALPI post accelerator accelerator
• Superconductinglinac based on QW Resonators• 2003: Up graded to Veq ~ 40 MV - Nb/Cu sputtered cavities or bulk Nb cavities; 2009: 48 MV• Energies up to 10-12 MeV/A for A=130 beams
Expected SPES Expected SPES energiesenergies
Expected SPES Expected SPES energiesenergies
1,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1,00E+07
1,00E+08
1,00E+09
1,00E+10
70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
inte
ns
ity
(se
c-1
)
mass
Accelerated RIB beams
132Sn
Ga
KrSr
AgIn
Sn Cs
ionization efficiencies: (1+) 30% and (n+) 4%(1+) 90% and (n+) 12% for Kr and Xe,Transport efficiency 50%
Representative expected beams at Representative expected beams at SPES SPES Representative expected beams at Representative expected beams at SPES SPES
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Facility design
First Target and ion source
Second target and ion source
Authorization to operate
Building Tender & Construction
Target installation and commissioning
Cyclotron Tender & Construction
Cyclotron Installation and commissioning
Alpi preparation for post acceleration
Installation of RIBs transfer lines and
spectrometer
Complete commissioning
SPES SPES SCHEDULE SCHEDULE SPES SPES SCHEDULE SCHEDULE
SPES technical design SPES technical design report report SPES technical design SPES technical design report report
-0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
0
5
10
15
172Yb
132Sn +40Ca
77Ni +95Mo140Xe +32S
94Kr +78Se22Ne +150Nd
48Ca +124Sn
Prompt Dipole
Relat
ive In
crea
se
N/Z(N/ Z)
Radioactive Beams
tptp
tpcontactNcontactZcontact Z
N
Z
NZZ
A
RRtRtR
A
NZtD
))()(()(
LOI SPIRAL2
Dynamic Dipole in 172Yb 5MeV/A
(onset energy for DDR)
Dynamical Dipole yield increases with
asymmetry of fusing ions
Dynamical Dipole Dynamical Dipole Yields Yields
Dynamical Dipole Dynamical Dipole Yields Yields
Baran, Brink, Colonna, DiToro PRL87(2001)182501 S.Leoni
Information can be extracted on the symmetry energy term
at low density
proton stripping channels lead to neutron rich medium mass nuclei
proton pick-up channels lead to neutron rich heavy mass nuclei
Multinucleon transfer reactions with neutron-rich Multinucleon transfer reactions with neutron-rich beams beams
Multinucleon transfer reactions with neutron-rich Multinucleon transfer reactions with neutron-rich beams beams
possibility to populate nuclei via pick-up and stripping of both
neutrons and protons
probing (nn), (pp) and (np) correlations. Important for studies
on pairing vibrations/rotations, nuclear superfluidity
C.H.Dasso, G.Pollarolo, A.Winther, PRL73(1994)1907
GRAZING code calculations
production of neutron rich isotopes
Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions with exotic Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions with exotic beams beams
Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions with exotic Near- and sub-barrier fusion reactions with exotic beams beams
Key issues with RIB
Enhanced effects of positive Q-value transfer channels
Role of surface modes in nuclei with significant neutron excess
With the lower beam intensities of RIB, one can derive fusion barrier distributions
by measuring excitation functions of quasi-elastic channels
Rtransinelelqel ddddEd )(),(
dEdED qelqel )(
F.Liang et al., PRC75(2007)054607 S.Mitsuoka et al, PRL99(2007)182701
Some few Some few remarks remarks
Some few Some few remarks remarks
Nuclear structure and nuclear reactions with heavy ions are being investigated at near barrier energies with the TANDEM+ALPI+PIAVE accelerator complex of LNL
Important developments have been made in complex detector systems (gamma arrays, tracking spectrometers, charge
particle arrays) through which extensive studies have been and are being successfully performed in different areas
The SPES project represents the most important step forward for nuclear physics research in Italy. Its completion will allow to perform challenging and significant studies in heavy ion
physics with RIB’s
Nuclear structure and nuclear reactions with heavy ions are being investigated at near barrier energies with the TANDEM+ALPI+PIAVE accelerator complex of LNL
Important developments have been made in complex detector systems (gamma arrays, tracking spectrometers, charge
particle arrays) through which extensive studies have been and are being successfully performed in different areas
The SPES project represents the most important step forward for nuclear physics research in Italy. Its completion will allow to perform challenging and significant studies in heavy ion
physics with RIB’s
SPES
Primary Beam: Cyclotron 300 μA, 70 MeV (max) for protons in two exit ports for RIB
Production Target: UCx multi-foil , up to 1013 fission s-1
Post-accelerator: PIAVE-ALPI Superconductive Linac up to 11 AMeV for A=130
• Facility Approved for construction
• Phase 1 - financed by INFN
LINAC ALPI
LINAC ALPI
TANDEM XTU
Experimental HALLS
TANDEM XTU
Experimental HALLSRIB Transport
Line
III Experimental HALL
RIB Transport Line
III Experimental HALL
The SPES The SPES project project
The SPES The SPES project project
Surface Ion source1 2
H He3 4 5 6 7 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt
8
Elements with bad volatility (NOT EXTRACTED)
Surface Ionization MethodSurface Ionization Method
Laser beam
Laser Ion source
Photo Ionization MethodPhoto Ionization Method
Plasma Ionization MethodIonization Method
Main fission 238U fragments
Plasma Ion source
Ionization methods at Ionization methods at SPES SPES Ionization methods at Ionization methods at SPES SPES
The SPES target prototypeThe SPES target prototype
Graphite Window
UCx Disk
Graphite Dumpers
Graphite Box
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 16000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
UCx from UO
2+nC
em
iss
ivit
yT (°C)
UCx emissivity
SEM Characterization
UCx target procuction
SPES target-ion-source Front End
SPES
UNIPV UNIPD UNITN
DIM DCT DEI
DESIGN MATERIALS
DIMChemistry
CERN- ISOLDE
GANIL-SPIRAL 2
ORSAY-ALTO
TRIUMF- ISAC ORNL- HRIBF
HANDLING
CONTROLS
SPES Target collaborations network
KEK- TRIAC
Pavia
Milano
LNS
Bologna
DCT- Structure and Transportation Engineering
DIM- Mechanical Eng.DEI- IT – Eng.
DCT- Structure and Transportation Engineering
DIM- Mechanical Eng.DEI- IT – Eng.
Chemistry
UNIPA
LNL
Nucl. Engin.
Napoli
CataniaFirenze
Padova
38
SPES layout
Present layout
PIA
VE
cry
ost
at
ISACII-like cryostats
PIAVE upgrade for SPES
GRAZING calculations
Multinucleon transfer reactions are a promising tool to get access to very neutron rich heavy nuclei when using a neutron rich radioactive beam
Eurisol Project (key experiments) http://www.ganil.fr/eurisol/
Multinucleon transfer reactions in the Multinucleon transfer reactions in the transactinide region transactinide region
Multinucleon transfer reactions in the Multinucleon transfer reactions in the transactinide region transactinide region
Calculations : G.Pollarolo, Phys.Rev.Lett.100,252701(2008)
Quasielastic barrier distributions : role of particle transfer Quasielastic barrier distributions : role of particle transfer channelschannels
Quasielastic barrier distributions : role of particle transfer Quasielastic barrier distributions : role of particle transfer channelschannels
Exp. data : S.Mitsuoka et al, Phys.Rev.Lett.99,182701(2007)
Dipole Resonance Emission from HOT nuclei
t=0 fm/c
fusion CN all degree of freedom EQUILIBRATED
Giant Dipole Resonance
Temperature dependence of GDR width
damping of CN
GDR
p vs n
Charge NOT equilibrated
Prompt Dipole
tptp
tpcontact Z
N
Z
NZZ
A
RRtD
)(ReactionDynamics
EOS
density plot
dipole moment CNfusion
GARFIELD + HECTOR experiment @ LNL
Two reactions – same compound 16O (130,250 MeV ) + 116Sn 132Ce*64Ni (300,400,500 MeV) + 68Zn 132Ce*
preequilibrium
particle spectra
5 10 15 2010-1
100
101
102
103
104
5 10 15 20 5 10 15 20 25
5 10 15 20
0,04
0,08
5 10 15 20
0,04
0,08
5 10 15 20
0,08
0,16
E*=200MeV
Yie
ld [
arb
.un
.]
E [MeV]
E*=150MeV
E [MeV]
E*=100MeV
E [MeV]
[arb
.un
.]
E [MeV]
[arb
.un
.]
E [MeV]
[arb
.un.
]
E [MeV]
GDR analysis with NO pre-equilibrium effects
spectra
Last stage of the decay revealed by correlation functions
Primary yields can be obtained after Coulomb background subtraction
E*= 2.2, 4.3, 5.6 MeV E*=2.3, 3.5 MeVE*=0.7, 2.3 MeV
d+
p+7Be
p+12C
Experiments with n-rich/poor systems @ LNL 32S+58Ni and 32S+64Ni 14.5 AMeV
GARFIELD & Ancillaries Pre-equilibrium emission in 16O+116Sn
2211211 2 )(1, pYpYqRppY
Measuring correlation functions
R(q) probes space-time properties of source 1p 2p
Multinucleon transfer reactions : from neutron poor to neutron Multinucleon transfer reactions : from neutron poor to neutron rich nuclei rich nuclei
Multinucleon transfer reactions : from neutron poor to neutron Multinucleon transfer reactions : from neutron poor to neutron rich nuclei rich nuclei
with (moderately n-rich) heavy ions one can populate (nn), (pp) and (np) channels with comparable strength
GRAZING code calculations 44Ar + 208Pb E=320 MeV
LNL data
Approaching Approaching 7878Ni and Ni and 132132Sn Sn regionsregions
Approaching Approaching 7878Ni and Ni and 132132Sn Sn regionsregions
Neutron rich nuclei produced in the fission of Neutron rich nuclei produced in the fission of 238238U in U in 136136Xe+Xe+238238U at EU at Elablab=990 MeV=990 MeV
Neutron rich nuclei produced in the fission of Neutron rich nuclei produced in the fission of 238238U in U in 136136Xe+Xe+238238U at EU at Elablab=990 MeV=990 MeV
N.Marginean et al., Phys. Rev. C80(2009)021301(R)
Total cross Total cross sections sections
Total cross Total cross sections sections
successive transfer
S.Szilner et al, Phys.Rev.C76(2007)024604
IC
MWPPAC
A physical event is composed by the A physical event is composed by the parameters:parameters:
•position at the entrance position at the entrance x, y x, y •position at the focal plane position at the focal plane X, YX, Y•time of flight time of flight TOF TOF•energy energy DE, EDE, E
A physical event is composed by the A physical event is composed by the parameters:parameters:
•position at the entrance position at the entrance x, y x, y •position at the focal plane position at the focal plane X, YX, Y•time of flight time of flight TOF TOF•energy energy DE, EDE, E
PRISMA spectrometer – trajectory PRISMA spectrometer – trajectory reconstruction reconstruction
PRISMA spectrometer – trajectory PRISMA spectrometer – trajectory reconstruction reconstruction
54Cr
58Fe
50Timos
t neu
tron-
rich
stab
le
isoto
pes
L.Corradi et al, Phys.Rev.C59(1999)261
possibility to make spectroscopic studies of neutron rich nuclei moderately far from stability
Population of neutron rich Population of neutron rich nuclei nuclei
Population of neutron rich Population of neutron rich nuclei nuclei
6464Ni+Ni+238238U at EU at Elablab=390 =390 MeVMeV
6464Ni+Ni+238238U at EU at Elablab=390 =390 MeVMeV
multinucleon multinucleon transfer :transfer :experiment vs. experiment vs. theory theory
multinucleon multinucleon transfer :transfer :experiment vs. experiment vs. theory theory
data : LNL
theory : GRAZING code and CWKB
L.Corradi et al,
J.Phys.G36(2009)113101 (Topical Review)
PRISMA
beam direction
20o
94,96Zr 40Ca
Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with PRISMA PRISMA
Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with PRISMA PRISMA
MNT channels have been measured down to 25 % below the Coulomb barrier
L.Corradi et al, LNL exp. March 2009
Prisma acceptance
C.L.Jiang et al., PRC57(1998)2393
Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with spectrographsspectrographs
Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with Detection of (light) target like ions in inverse kinematics with spectrographsspectrographs
Split Pole
beam direction
> 10o 124Sn 58Ni
H.Esbensen et al., PRC57(1998)2401
successive+direct pair transfer
lacking of data for +2n in the deep sub-barrier region
RMS data
+1n
+2n
+3n
Comparison between experimental and theoretical (Grazing) Comparison between experimental and theoretical (Grazing) calculationscalculations
Comparison between experimental and theoretical (Grazing) Comparison between experimental and theoretical (Grazing) calculationscalculations
+1n
+2n
Cr (-4p)
Softness in Cr and Fe isotopes populated in Softness in Cr and Fe isotopes populated in 6464Ni+Ni+238238U at U at EElablab=404 MeV=404 MeV
Softness in Cr and Fe isotopes populated in Softness in Cr and Fe isotopes populated in 6464Ni+Ni+238238U at U at EElablab=404 MeV=404 MeV
gating on mass
2+→0+
2+→0+
2+→0+
2+→0+
4+→2+
4+→2+
4+→2+
4+→2+
N.Marginean et al., Phys. Lett. B 633(2006)696
S.Lunardi et al., Phys. Rev. C 76(2007)034303
Fe (-2p)
A schematic view of fusion A schematic view of fusion reactionsreactions
A schematic view of fusion A schematic view of fusion reactionsreactions
E
σ
E E
σ σ
rrr
V V V
E << Eb E ~ Eb E > Eb
- σ steep fall off - fusion “hindrance” - CC effects
nb - µb
µb - mb ~ mb
- structure of VN at r < rB
- connection with astrophysics
- D(B) from fusion and QE processes
- connection with QF, MNT, DIC, BU
- connection with surface vibrations
and transfer
- σ fusion < σ capture
Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the Standard Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the Standard Model Model
Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the Standard Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the Standard Model Model
Precision tests of the SM at low momentum
transfer
complementary information obtained from atomic PNC and high energy electron-nucleon scattering
experiments
constraints on relevant new physics below certain mass scales
Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the standard Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the standard modelmodel
Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the standard Parity non conservation in atoms : a test of the standard modelmodel
important to pursue experimental work on chain
of isotopes
parity violation in specific atomic transitions
nuclear anapole moment
permanent electric dipole moment (time reversal
symmetry violation)
with with 133133Cs reached precision Cs reached precision below 1% below 1%
with with 133133Cs reached precision Cs reached precision below 1% below 1%
with radioactive with radioactive beams beams
with radioactive with radioactive beams beams
Francium is the heaviest alkali, has a simple
electronic structure and has enhanced P and T violation
effects